11,604 research outputs found
Chao Yuen Ren (1892–1982)
No full textY. R. Chao is easily the most famous linguist to have come out of China. Born before the end of the last dynasty in China, he received a traditional Confucian education, but was also one of the first Chinese people to be sent to the West for training in modern Western science (under the Boxer Indemnity Fund). The remarkable breadth and scope of his studies included physics, mathematics, linguistics, musical and literary composition, and translation, and he was a pioneer in many of these fields
Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) globipunctata Bai & Ren 2016
No full textBioramix (Cardiobioramix) globipunctata Bai & Ren, 2016 (Figs 37–40, 204–205, 326–327) Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) globipunctata Bai & Ren, 2016: 186. Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) liupanshana Bai & Ren, 2016: 188, syn. n. Type material. Holotype: ♂ (MHBU), 2009-VII-7-8, Qiuqianjia, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Xin-Pu Wang & Xiao-Qing Yang leg., Museum of Hebei University // HOLOTYPE (Figs 204, 326). Paratypes: 1♀ (MHBU), 2009- VII-7-8, Qiuqianjia, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Xin-Pu Wang & Xiao-Qing Yang leg., Museum of Hebei University // PARATYPE; 1♀ (MHBU), 2008-VI-23, Erlonghe Forest Farm, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Hong-Fan Ran et al. leg., Museum of Hebei University // PARATYPE; 1♂ (MHBU), 2014-VII-18, Dongshanpo, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Ling Bai & Na Wang leg., Museum of Hebei University // PARATYPE. Holotype of B. liupanshana Bai & Ren, 2016: ♂ (MHBU), 2008-VII-07-08, Woyangchuan, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Xin-Pu Wang & Xiao-Li Liu leg., Museum of Hebei University // HOLOTYPE (Figs 205, 327). Paratype of B. liupanshana Bai & Ren, 2016: 1 ♀ (MHBU), 2014-VII-14, Xixia Forest Farm, Jingyuan County, Ningxia, Ling Bai & Na Wang leg., Museum of Hebei University // PARATYPE. Other material. CHINA: Gansu: 3♀♀ (MHBU), Guan Shan, Zhuanglang County, 1976 m, 7.VII.2009, Guo- Dong Ren et al. leg. Distribution. China: Gansu (new record), Ningxia (Bai & Ren, 2016). Remarks. Considering the variation of shape of pronotum and aedeagus, punctures and setae on body, as well as additional specimens from Gansu, China, B. liupanshana should be a junior synonym of B. globipunctata.Published as part of Bai, Xing-Long & Ren, Guo-Dong, 2020, Revision of the genus Bioramix Bates, 1879 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platyscelidini) from China, pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 4815 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4815.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/394431
Two new species of the subgenus Cardiobioramix Kaszab from China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Bioramix)
No full textLing Bai, Guodong Ren (2016): Two new species of the subgenus Cardiobioramix Kaszab from China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Bioramix). Zoological Systematics 41 (2): 186-194, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20161
Oreocharis hainanensis S. J. Ling & M. X. Ren 2022, sp. nov.
No full textOreocharis hainanensis S.J.Ling & M.X.Ren, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Diagnosis:—The new species is easily distinguished from O. jasminina by campanulate (not narrowly tubular) floral tube, zygomorphic (not actinomorphic) corolla, exserted (not included) stamens (Fig. 1, 2, Table 1). Type: — CHINA. Hainan Island: Dongfang City, Baobaimiao Village, north to the Changhua River, 18°55’N, 109°02’E, elev. ca. 280 m a.s.l., on karst rocks, 17 September 2020, S. J . Ling 2020091701 (holotype HUTB!; isotypes HUTB!, KUN!, IBK!). Perennial herb, rhizomatous, acaulescent. Leaves basal, rosette; petiole 1.5–5 cm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, brown woolly; blade obovate, ovate to broadly ovate, rarely broadly ovate, 2.5–9 × 2–7 cm, adaxially gray pubescent, abaxially brown pubescent, densely brown villous along veins, apex subrounded, rarely rounded, margin shallowly crenateserrate, base often cuneate, rarely subrounded, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, distinct, conspicuously prominent adaxially and conspicuously elevated abaxially. Inflorescence cymose, axillary, cymes 2–7, 3–8 - flowered; peduncle 5–17 cm long, brown, sparsely pale gray villous. Bracts 2, linear to narrowly triangular, 2–3 × ca. 1 cm, abaxially pale gray villous, apex acuminate, margin entire; pedicel to 4 cm long, sparsely pale gray villous. Calyx green, 3–4 mm long, 5 - parted near to base, lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2.5–4 × ca. 1 mm, apex acuminate, margin entire, adaxially pale gray pubescent, abaxially glabrous. Corolla yellow, 1–1.5 cm long, adaxially pubescent; tube campanulate, 1–1.7 cm × 3–4.5 mm; limb 2 - lipped, adaxial lip shallowly 2 - lobed, lobes ca. 3.5 × 5 mm, abaxial lip 3-lobed almost to base, lobes equal, subsemiorbicular, 5.5–8 × 5–7 mm, apex acuminate. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate to corolla 3–4 mm from base, exserted; filaments of adaxial pairs ca. 0.8 cm long, abaxial pairs ca. 1.4 cm long; anthers ovate, bithecous, dehiscing longitudinally, adaxial thecae 1–1.5 × 0.7–1.1 mm, downward, abaxial thecae 1.8–2.8 × 1–1.5 mm, upward; staminode 1, adnate to corolla 2–3 mm above base, ca. 2 mm long. Disc ca. 1 mm high, entire. Pistil ca. 1.6 cm long, glabrous; ovary narrowly oblong, ca. 8 mm long, glandular-puberulent; style cylindrical and glandular-puberulent, ca. 0.5 cm long; stigma 2, equal, suborbicular. Capsule linear, 2.5–4 cm long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent. Distribution and habitat: — Oreocharis hainanensis is currently only known on low-altitudual karst cliffs and rocks at the edge of evergreen broad-leaved forests near Changhua River, in the southwestern Hainan Island, South China. Phenology: —Flowering from August to October and fruiting from September to November. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the type location, Hainan Island, South China. Vernacular name:—海ØḼẅffă (Chinese, Hãi Nán Mǎ Líng Jù Tái). Conservation status: —So far, Oreocharis hainanensis is only known from two locations (less than 5 locations) with about 3,000 –4,000 individuals. The populations are under threat due to the limited and fragmented karst habitats, with a very restricted area of occupancy (typically less than 20 km 2). Therefore, we propose that O. hainanensis should be considered as Vulnerable (VU C1 and D2) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2019).Published as part of Ling, Shao-Jun, Wen, Fang & Ren, Ming-Xun, 2022, Oreocharis hainanensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from karst regions in Hainan Island, South China, pp. 281-291 in Phytotaxa 538 (4) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/634038
Optimal Communication Complexity of Authenticated Byzantine Agreement
No full textByzantine Agreement (BA) is one of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing, and its communication complexity is an important efficiency metric. It is well known that quadratic communication is necessary for BA in the worst case due to a lower bound by Dolev and Reischuk. This lower bound has been shown to be tight for the unauthenticated setting with f < n/3 by Berman et al. but a considerable gap remains for the authenticated setting with n/3 ≤ f < n/2.
This paper provides two results towards closing this gap. Both protocols have a quadratic communication complexity and have different trade-offs in resilience and assumptions. The first protocol achieves the optimal resilience of f < n/2 but requires a trusted setup for threshold signature. The second protocol achieves near optimal resilience f ≤ (1/2 - ε)n in the standard PKI model
Key to species of leafhopper genus Drabescoides Kwon & Lee (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), with description of a new species from Southern China
No full textQu, Ling, Li, Hu, Dai, Ren-Huai (2014): Key to species of leafhopper genus Drabescoides Kwon & Lee (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), with description of a new species from Southern China. Zootaxa 3811 (3): 347-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.3.
Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) kulzeri Kaszab 1960
No full text(6) Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) kulzeri (Kaszab, 1960) Platynoscelis (Cardiobioramix) kulzeri Kaszab, 1960: 91. Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) kulzeri: Egorov, 2004: 653. Type depository: Museum G. Frey, Tutzing, Germany. Distribution: China (Sichuan).Published as part of Ling Bai & Guodong Ren, 2016, Two new species of the subgenus Cardiobioramix Kaszab from China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Bioramix), pp. 186-194 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 193, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201617, http://zenodo.org/record/27033
Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) championi Reitter 1891
No full text(2) Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) championi (Reitter, 1891) Helops championi Reitter, 1891: 226 Bioramix (Cardiobioramix) championi: Egorov, 2004: 654. Helops subaenea Reitter, 1889: 710 Type depository: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. Distribution: China (Gansu).Published as part of Ling Bai & Guodong Ren, 2016, Two new species of the subgenus Cardiobioramix Kaszab from China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Bioramix), pp. 186-194 in Zoological Systematics 41 (2) on page 192, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201617, http://zenodo.org/record/27033
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