315 research outputs found
2018-2019 Garth Greenwell
No full textGarth Greenwell is the author of What Belongs to You, which won the British Book Award for Debut of the Year, was longlisted for the National Book Award, and was a finalist for six other awards, including the PEN/Faulkner Award, the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. A New York Times Book Review Editors\u27 Choice, it was named a Best Book of 2016 by over fifty publications in nine countries, and is being translated into a dozen languages. A new book of fiction, Cleanness, is forthcoming from FSG in early 2020. His fiction has appeared in The New Yorker, The Paris Review, A Public Space, and VICE, and he has written criticism for The New Yorker, the London Review of Books, and the New York Times Book Review, among others. He lives in Iowa City. (Photo credit: Bill Adams)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/grisham_res/1001/thumbnail.jp
Garth Greenwell, 40th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textGarth Greenwell is the author of What Belongs to You, which won the British Book Award for Debut of the Year, was longlisted for the National Book Award, and was a finalist for six other awards, including the PEN/Faulkner Award, the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and The Los Angeles Times Book Prize. A New York Times Book Review Editors\u27 Choice, it was named a Best Book of 2016 by over fifty publications in nine countries, and is being translated into eleven languages. His short fiction has appeared in The New Yorker, the Paris Review, and A Public Space, and he has written criticism for The New Yorker, The London Review of Books, and The New York Times Book Review, among others. He lives in Iowa City
Sovereign desires. by Garth Nettheim
No full textSelf-determination has been at the heart of Aboriginal aspirations. As a slogan, it echoes through the twentieth century. The author argues that sovereignty is rarely defined, and often misunderstood. Provided by MICAH, Canberra
Garth St. Omer's Existential Parlance
No full textPurpose of the Study: Garth St. Omer, a contemporary Caribbean author of novellas, develops many themes in his fiction that maybe found in fictional and philosophical writings by Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, and other French existentialists. This study ;s an attempt to trace and delineate some of the themes, motifs, and aesthetic techniques common to both St. Omer and the French existentialists. Procedure: In this investigation, a close reading of the works of Garth St. Omer, Albert Camus, and other French Existentialists, has been conducted. In addition, criticism of St. Omer's works and volumes devoted to genre and style have been consulted. A final assimilation, comparison, and integration of these texts has been carried out in an attempt to construct an itinerary of St. Omer's thought. Findings: The particular novella genre developed by Garth St. Omer, as well as his concentrated prose, sets his writings apart from those of the French existentialists. The aesthetic techniques combined with the philosophical themes implicit in his stories give rise to types of alienation and existential experience unique to St. Omer's characters. Conclusions: The parallels that exist between the writings of St. Omer and the French existentialists cannot be relegated to mimesis. For a deep reading of St. Omer's fiction shows that his themes are not variations of Camus's and Sartre's themes (as some critics argue), but rather extensions of a vision that St. Omer and these other artists shared; the central hypothesis being that Garth St. Omer is as independent of Camus and Sartre as he is indebted to them.Gifford, William Tell. 1988. Garth St. Omer's Existential Parlance. Department of English, Sonoma State University
Garth St. Omer's Existential Parlance
No full textPurpose of the Study: Garth St. Omer, a contemporary Caribbean author of novellas, develops many themes in his fiction that maybe found in fictional and philosophical writings by Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, and other French existentialists. \ud
This study ;s an attempt to trace and delineate some of \ud
the themes, motifs, and aesthetic techniques common to \ud
both St. Omer and the French existentialists. \ud
Procedure: In this investigation, a close reading of the works of Garth St. Omer, Albert Camus, and other French Existentialists, has been conducted. In addition, criticism of St. Omer's works and volumes devoted to genre and style have been consulted. A final assimilation, comparison, and integration of these texts has been carried out in an attempt to construct an itinerary of St. Omer's thought. \ud
Findings: The particular novella genre developed by Garth St. Omer, as well as his concentrated prose, sets his writings apart from those of the French existentialists. The aesthetic techniques combined with the philosophical themes implicit in his stories give rise to types of alienation and existential experience unique to St. Omer's characters. \ud
Conclusions: The parallels that exist between the writings of St. Omer and the French existentialists cannot be relegated to mimesis. For a deep reading of St. Omer's fiction shows that his themes are not variations of Camus's and Sartre's themes (as some critics argue), but rather extensions of a vision that St. Omer and these other artists shared; the central hypothesis being that Garth St. Omer is as independent of Camus and Sartre as he is indebted to them
The economic impact of snowmobiling in Valley County
No full textBulletin no. 844 Moscow, Idaho :University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, Agriculture Experiment Station, 2006-07-01. Author(s): Larsen, Ryan; Taylor, Garth; Hines, Stev
Politics and the Payne Fund
No full textGarth Jowett discusses the Payne Fund Studies, which were a series of studies conducted to examine the effects of motion pictures on American Youth. The author examines how the “Payne Fund attempted to neutralize the potential conflicts which might have arisen once the studies were finally made public, and to minimize the impact of any potential backlash from the motion picture industry”. Conference paper; originally published in Western Reserve Studies Symposium (10th:1995 : Cleveland, Ohio
Francesca Da Rimini on the Stage or a Study of the Paolo and Francesca Theme as Treated by George Henry Baker, Stephen Phillips, and Gabriele d'Annunzio.
No full textIt is the purpose of this thesis to look into the history and tradition of the Francesca tragedy, and to note the effect of each on Baker, Phillips, and d‘Annunzio; to discuss the approach of the authors to their theme and their manner of handling it; and to discover by what means and by what tools their stage success was due. It is also my intention to compare the poetic efforts of the dramatists with a view to placing them in a scale of values; to study the likenesses and dissimilarities between th^ outstanding four corresponding characters of each author; and, finally, to attempt some fair estimate of the value of their plays to the world.|Obviously, there is no desire to exhaust the theme, even relative to the American, British, and Italian playwrights. If the high points, listed in the paragraph above, are reached, I snail feel that I have partially succeeded.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio
Frontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, List of Authors
No full textFrontmatter, Table of Contents, Preface, List of Author
FWS/CSS-147-2022
No full textThe research described in this report was conducted as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration process in the Big River. Our purpose was to compare habitat features and landscape factors that may be important for the establishment and persistence of mussel concentrations between the Big River and the adjacent Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers, thereby testing their appropriateness as reference systems for establishing baseline expectations of mussel populations in the absence of mining impacts for the Big River. Based on these comparisons and a published model dileneating suitable habitat for freshwater mussels, we establish expected baseline conditions related to suitable freshwater mussel habitat in the Big River to assist injury determination for mining-related impacts in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District Natural Resource Damage Assessment case.Use of a riverscape-scale model of fundamental physical habitat requirements for freshwater mussels to quantify mussel declines in a mining-contaminated stream: the Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri.
Amanda E. Rosenberger1
Garth A. Lindner2
1 U.S. Geological Survey, Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee,
2 University of Missouri School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
Cooperator Science Series # 147-2022 ii
About the Cooperator Science Series:
The Cooperator Science Series was initiated in 2013. Its purpose is to facilitate the archiving and retrieval of research project reports resulting primarily from investigations supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), particularly the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. The online format was selected to provide immediate access to science reports for FWS, state and tribal management agencies, the conservation community, and the public at large.
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Recommended citation:
Rosenberger, A.E. and G.A. Lindner. 2022. Use of a riverscape-scale model of fundamental physical habitat requirements for freshwater mussels to quantify mussel declines in a mining-contaminated stream: the Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-147-2022, Washington, D. C. https://doi.org/10.3996/css78904468
For additional copies or information, contact:
Amanda Rosenberger
U.S. Geological Survey
Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit
E-mail: [email protected] 1
Title: Use of a riverscape-scale model of fundamental physical habitat requirements for freshwater mussels to quantify mussel declines in a mining-contaminated stream: the Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri
Authors: Amanda E. Rosenberger, U.S. Geological Survey, Tennessee Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee
Garth A. Lindner, University of Missouri School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
Project Purpose: The research described in this report was conducted as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration process in the Big River. Our purpose was to compare habitat features and landscape factors that may be important for the establishment and persistence of mussel concentrations between the Big River and the adjacent Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers, thereby testing their appropriateness as reference systems for establishing baseline expectations of mussel populations in the absence of mining impacts for the Big River. Based on these comparisons and a published model dileneating suitable habitat for freshwater mussels, we establish expected baseline conditions related to suitable freshwater mussel habitat in the Big River to assist injury determination for mining-related impacts in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District Natural Resource Damage Assessment case.
Summary of Author Responsibilities and Results Presented in this Report: Quantification of the area of the main channel in the heavy metal contaminated portion of the Big River that is suitable and predicted to be occupied by high-richness freshwater mussel aggregations through the use of a continuous, spatially explicit habitat model for freshwater mussels and corresponding use of predicted suitable reaches in uncontaminated reference streams (Bourbeuse and Meramec Rivers). This work took place in collaboration with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) biologists and includes an estimate of acres, stream miles, and percent of total channel suitable for mussels due to factors other than the physical channel variables represented in the model
Introduction:
Freshwater Unionid mussels are among the most imperiled taxa worldwide and reach their highest diversity in North America, particularly in the Southeastern United States. Mussel diversity and abundance in rivers within the Ozark physiographic region of Missouri rival Southeastern drainages in both mussel diversity and abundance, particularly the Meramec River (Figure 1; Roberts and Bruenderman 2000; Hinck et al. 2012), which represents a diversity hotspot (Hinck et al. 2012). However, the mussel fauna within the Meramec River Watershed is potentially threatened by a variety of both cryptic and documented impacts, including urbanization in the downstream areas around St. Louis, agriculture, recreation (e.g., heavy use by floating parties), water pollution (Key 2019), and, finally, heavy metal contamination from a history of mining in one of its major tributaries, the Big River (Allert et al. 2013; Besser et al. 2009; Roberts et al. 2010). 2
To quantify the impacts (e.g., loss of species or declines in abundance) related to a specific threat (e.g., heavy metal contamination) on biota in a multiple-threat situation like in the Meramec River Watershed, it is important to establish reference conditions and baseline expectations regarding the distribution of the affected animals in the absence of that threat, preferably in a spatially explicit manner. Without pre-impact data, this reference condition can be estimated via identification of suitable habitat that would otherwise be occupied in the absence of that specific threat; via comparison with a physically similar “reference” area affected similarly by other factors (e.g., agriculture) but otherwise unaffected by the threat under investigation (e.g., heavy metal contamination ); or a combination thereof. As a first step in estimating the potential distribution of the affected animals under investigation, one may eliminate those reaches that are unsuitable for their establishment and persistence, or outside of the range of conditions where mussels could establish (Evans et al. 2013; Li 2014). Habitat models are widely used tools for the conservation and management of imperiled species and can be used to delineate fundamentally suitable areas (Chase and Leibold 2003; Guisan and Thuiller 2005). Although niche concepts are typically assigned to individual species (as described originally by Hutchinson 1957), freshwater mussels as a taxonomic group offer a unique advantage for application of the niche concept and these tools. Generally, riverine freshwater mussels tend to have clustered distributions and aggregate in multi-species concentrations (i.e., beds), which suggests a common physical habitat limitation for multiple species. This is likely associated with geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of riverine habitats, which have been successfully linked to mussel distributions (Strayer and Ralley 1993; Layzer and Madison 1995).
A spatially-explicit and longitudinally (upstream to downstream) continuous model for fundamentally suitable habitat for mussel beds was recently developed for the Meramec River Watershed (Key and Lindner 2017; Bouska et al. 2018; Key 2019; Key et al. 2021). This model (hereafter, termed as a fundamental habitat model) was developed for and funded by the Missouri Department of Conservation to assist their statewide mussel conservation program (Model spatial layers for GIS and results are peer reviewed and publically available online; Key and Lindner 2017). The fundamental habitat model uses in-channel characteristics and known mussel bed locations to predict occupiable habitat for mussel beds in the absence of threats or other biological limitations that are not included in the model. In essence, the habitat model delineates specific reaches that fall within the range of conditions that could support mussels in the absence of other limitations (Key and Lindner 2017). This model provides a continuous, in-channel representation of physical habitat characteristics and predicted fundamentally suitable mussel habitat for 530 river kilometers (km) within the Meramec River Watershed, including the Meramec River’s two main tributaries, the Big and Bourbeuse rivers (Key 2019; Key et al. In Review). In addition 3
to publically available and peer-reviewed data layers (Key and Lindner 2017), the manuscript describing the fundamental habitat model development in full is attached with this report to provide a complete reference to the model methodology, results, and validation.
The Big River, a principle tributary of the Meramec River, was impacted by mining for heavy metals, predominantly lead (Pb), which led to a significant decline in mussel relative abundance and diversity along a significant length (Meneau 1997; Pavlowsky et al. 2010; Albers et al. 2016; Roberts et al. 2016). Quantifying the magnitude of mussel declines associated with a limiting factor such as lead is challenging for resource managers due to a lack of pre-impact data. However, the development of the fundamental habitat model eliminates river reaches with geomorphological characteristics, in particular, outside of the tolerance limits of mussel beds. This provides a unique opportunity, in quantifying the impact of lead on freshwater mussels in the Big River, to focus only on those reaches of the river that have the minimum physical habitat characteristcs capable of supporting high-richness mussel beds. Further, identification and estimation of occupancy of similar reaches in size and extent in the whole of the Meramec River Watershed (in Key and Lindner 2017; Key et al 2021) allows for an estimate of mussel occupancy of fundamentally suitable habitat in the presence of other widespread, non-point threats in the basin (e.g., agriculture) without the influence of limiting factors such as lead contamination. Together, these steps (Diagram 1) represent an estimation of reference conditions for the Big River that thereby supports calculation of mussel declines associated with heavy metal contamination as the focal limiting factor under investigation.
Our goals are to identify logically and scientifically defensible reference reaches to establish a baseline estimate of occupancy of fundamental habitat for the Big River mussel community in the absence of mining impacts and to use the fundamental model of habitat suitability for mussel beds in the Meramec River Watershed (Key and Lindner 2017; Key et al. 2021) to quantify mussel declines in the Big River. The objectives undertaken to achieve this goal include:
1. Evaluate the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers as two alternative, appropriate reference or baseline rivers in comparison to the Big River by contrasting:
a. Physical habitat characteristics identified as important for mussels
b. Nitrogen/Ammonia factors that may be threatening mussel communities (as comprehensive comparison of a likely widespread threat).
c. Occupancy of habitat configurations by mussel beds
2. Identify and quantify the distribution of fundamental habitat for mussels in the Big River through application of the Key et al. (2021) fundamental habitat model (Key and Lindner 2017). 4
3. Estimate loss of potentially occupied suitable habitat in the Big River due to factors other than physical habitat based on the relative occupancy of fundamentally suitable freshwater mussel habitat in reference river reaches (selected via completion of Objective 1 and Key and Lindner 2017).
Diagram 1: Conceptual model of the river reach elimination process used to estimate the percent suitable, yet unoccupied habitat in Big River due to factors other than physical habitat, with associated research objectives:
Study Area: The study is focused in the Meramec River Watershed (10,308 km2), located in the northeastern portion of the Ozark physiographic region within Missouri (Figure 1). Mussel species within this drainage are included in the upper Mississippi freshwater mussel province (Haag 2012). The Meramec River also includes two major tributaries, the Big River (2,473 km2) and the Bourbeuse River (2,183 km2). Upstream of the Big River confluence, the Meramec River is 6% urbanized, 72% wooded/scrubland, and 21% agriculture, while 66% of the Meramec River’s watershed bedrock geology is dolostone, 22% sandstone, and 9% shale (Homer et al. 2012; MSDIS 2011). The remaining 3% of the Meramec River Watershed’s geology is comprised of diorite, granite, limestone, and rhyolite. When excluding the landscape characteristics of the Big and Bourbeuse watersheds from the Meramec River Watershed, the Meramec River is 5% urbanized, 76% wooded/scrubland, and 18% agriculture (1% other), while 68% and 30% of the Meramec River Watershed bedrock geology is dolostone and sandstone, respectively. The remaining 2% of the Meramec River Watershed’s geology is comprised of limestone, 5
rhyolite, and shale. The Big River Watershed is 7% urbanized, 75% wooded/scrubland, and 17% agriculture (1% other). The Big River Watershed is 87% dolostone, 6% sandstone, 4% limestone, and 2% rhyolite, with the remaining bedrock geology comprised of diorite, granite, and shale. The Bourbeuse River Watershed is 7% urbanized, 59% wooded/scrubland, and 33% agriculture (1% other), with a bedrock geology of 38% dolostone, 23% sandstone, and 39% shale. Altogether, the three river systems share not only similar mussel faunas, but similar land-use and underlying geology.
History of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Big River: Several agencies, in association with the Service and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR), have been studying the toxic effects to organisms from releases of heavy metals to the Big River as part of the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA) process (Allert et al. 2013; Besser et al. 2009; Roberts et al. 2010; Roberts et al. 2016). The Big River Watershed drains an area with a long history of lead and zinc mining called “the Old Lead Belt,” which once provided the highest production of lead in the United States (U.S. Geological Survey 1998). Mining activities in the Old Lead Belt have largely ceased, but their legacy remains, including approximately 227 million metric tons of fine-grained dolomitic tailings that are now divided among 6 large piles adjacent to the Big River and its tributaries. Consequently, releases of mine wastes have contaminated river sediments and floodplains with lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in more than 144 km of the Big River and its tributaries (Meneau 1997; MoDNR 2007; Pavlowsky et al. 2010).
Heavy metal contaminated sediments negatively affect mussel populations in the Big River downstream of mining areas (Besser et al. 2009; Roberts et al. 2010; Roberts et al. 2016). While other streams in the basin contain relatively healthy mussel assemblages (Roberts and Brunderman 2000; Hinck et al. 2012), the Big River and its 37 native mussel species have reduced population metrics in over 100 km, associated with heavy metal contamination (Roberts et al. 2016). A 2008 assessment of heavy metal contamination and freshwater mussel populations in the Big River (Roberts et al. 2010) showed sediment contaminated with heavy metals at levels greater than the consensus-based Probable Effects Concentration (PEC) for Pb at 128 mg/kg extending more than 150 km downstream of mining areas (MacDonald et al. 2000). Sediment concentrations of Zn and Cd exceeded their respective consensus-based PECs of 458 mg/kg and 4.99 mg/kg for shorter distances (approximately 40 km). Depressed mussel species richness, densities, and abundance compared to reference sites were found over a 157km reach of the river, from km 170.5 - 13.7. Stream reaches nearest to the mining inputs from km 170.5 – 133.1 demonstrated the greatest impacts to the mussel assemblage (Roberts et al. 2010), and toxicity of sediments to mussels was documented in laboratory tests (Besser et al. 2009). Mussel communities in the 6
downstream 16.5 km of the Big River were similar to reference sites in terms of mussel abundance and species richness, and sediments in this reach did not consistently contain heavy metals at concentrations exceeding the PECs (Roberts et al. 2010).
Methodology:
Objective 1. Establishment of reference reaches for estimation of baseline occupancy of fundamental habitat: Multiple analyses were used to evaluate the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers, which share a watershed and similar mussel fauna and land use factors with the Big River, as suitable references for the Big River. First, analyses compare the physical habitat characteristics from the Meramec River fundamental habitat model among the Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers. The fundamental habitat model consisted of 10 binary and continuous spatial datasets of physical habitat characteristics used to predict fundamental habitat for 195 km of the Big River, 127 km of the Bourbeuse River, and 177 km of the Meramec River (Figure 1; A1). The extent of the analyses began at the confluence of the Big and Meramec rivers, limiting analysis for the Meramec River to 118 km. The lower 60 km of the Meramec is frequently affected by backwater from the Mississippi River when flooding and has characteristics more akin to a lowland river rather than higher gradient Ozark rivers. The habitat variables include: spatial representations of channel stability, bluff adjacency to the main channel, distributions of gravel- and pool-reaches, stream-power indices, and water availability during low-flow conditions (Table 1). Refer to the included manuscript for a full description of the Meramec River fundamental habitat model (Key et al. 2021).
Analyses compared the quantitative distributions of the habitat characteristics in the Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers using descriptive analytical techniques and probabilistic kernel density functions. Kernel density methods fit smoothing functions to the data to facilitate comparisons between the data curves, effectively creating probability distributions. This analysis was completed using R 3.5.0 (R Core Team 2013), the sm (2.2-5.6; Bowman and Azzalini 2018) package. These functions test for equality between density curves, using statistical bootstrap resampling with 100,000 permutations for convergence to evaluate the statistically significant differences among the habitat variables among rivers. Furthermore, these physical habitat layers were transformed to represent the total length of each physical habitat class comprising the rivers (Figure A2). This transformation has two advantages: 1) it condenses the total sample size of the datasets from >40,000 total data-points to several hundred total data-points to more clearly ascertain meaningful, rather than sample-size driven, statistical differences between the rivers; and 2) it places the channel representation into a context favorable for estimation of mussel declines over a 7
given length of river. After comparing the physical habitat differences of the Big River to the Meramec and Bourbeuse rivers, the river most similar to the Big River was selected as the baseline reference for subsequent analyses.
Second, the location and quantity of species ri
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