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    Satsuma A. Adams 1868

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    Satsuma A. Adams, 1868 Type species: Helix japonica Pfeiffer, 1847, by original designationPublished as part of Wu, Shu-Ping, Lin, Yao-Sung & Hwang, Chung-Chi, 2007, A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1608 on page 61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17884

    FIGURE 5 in A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan

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    FIGURE 5. Jaw of Satsuma longkiauwensis sp. nov. (paratype, TMMT 0705). Scale bar = 600 µm.Published as part of Wu, Shu-Ping, Lin, Yao-Sung & Hwang, Chung-Chi, 2007, A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1608 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17884

    FIGURE 3 in A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan

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    FIGURE 3. Reproductive system of Satsuma longkiauwensis sp. nov. (paratype TMMT 0705) A. Whole genitalia, vas deferens is cut to unfold the genitalia; B. Verge and penial caecum; C. Interior of genitalia. Scale bar for A and C = 10 mm, scale bar for B = 1 mm.Published as part of Wu, Shu-Ping, Lin, Yao-Sung & Hwang, Chung-Chi, 2007, A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1608 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17884

    Criniverticillus Lin, Yao & Ren 2018, gen. nov.

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    Genus <i>Criniverticillus</i> Lin, Yao & Ren gen. nov. <p>http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5025B96-B712-418B-958C-FB3A91475B51</p> <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Criniverticillus longicumulus</i> Lin, Yao & Ren <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Diagnosis (macropterous male).</b> Body large (ca. 2 mm long, Fig. 1); antenna long (ca. 2.1–2.4 mm, Fig. 2F), most antennal setae forming distinct whorls, antennal apical segment with curved bristles (Fig. 2G); hamulohaltere leaf-shaped; basisternum without a median ridge (Fig. 2B); abdominal tergites well developed and sclerotized, first three tergites each with distinct median ridge (Fig. 2A); abdominal tergites VI and VII each with a transverse row of 7–9 tubular ducts (Fig. 2A) extruding wax filaments; a pair of short tubercular projections present on apex of abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 2 C).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The generic name <i>Criniverticillus</i> comes from combination of the prefix ‘ <i>crini-</i> ’ (from the Latin <i>crinis</i> meaning ‘hair’) with the masculine Latin noun ‘ <i>verticillus</i> ’ (meaning ‘whorl’), referring to most of the setae on the antenna forming whorls around the segments.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Koteja (2008) considered that the following extinct genera were xylococcid-like taxa: <i>Arnoldus</i> Koteja; <i>Grohnus</i> Koteja; <i>Lithuanicoccus</i> Koteja; <i>Serafinus</i> Koteja, and <i>Weitschatus</i> Koteja, and classified them in five families: Arnoldidae, Grohnidae, Lithuanicoccidae, Serafinidae and Weitschatidae respectively. After comparing key structures like antennal capitate setae; pterostigma on forewing; radial sector on forewing; hamulohaltere; basisternal median ridge; small caudal extension on tergite VIII; tarsal digitule; penial sheath; anterior margin of scutellum, and membranous lateral areas of scutellum, Vea & Grimaldi (2015) questioned this classification and considered that further analyses of relationships within the xylococcid-like taxa were needed. According to our observations, based on the body and wing shapes, antennae without specialised setae, subtriangular scutellum and waxy tail tufts of our adult male <i>Criniverticillus</i>, we think these genera are very similar to each other, and are inclined to support the latter authors’ point of view.</p> <p> Among the Xylococcid-like genera, records from the Cretaceous only comprise <i>Xiphos</i> Vea & Grimaldi (family placement uncertain) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and <i>Pseudoweitschatus</i> Vea & Grimaldi from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber; all other fossil records are from the Eocene Baltic amber. However, the morphological characters of <i>Xiphos</i> are very different from the other genera, such as: body small (ca. 1.45 mm long total); scutum with an oval membranous area; forewings each without anterior flexing patch; claw digitule absent, and penial sheath extremely elongate. The Xylococcid-like taxa therefore only have one important record (<i>Pseudoweitschatus</i>) from the Cretaceous. The new species described in this paper adds to the record of the Weitschatidae in the mid-Cretaceous and provides a significant new addition to the understanding the past diversity of scale insects.</p> <p> The new genus described herein is assigned to the family Weitschatidae based on the presence of the following features (contrasting conditions in the other fossil taxa/families are given in brackets): antennae without capitate setae (capitate setae present in <i>Arnoldus</i> (Arnoldidae)); radial sector of forewing absent (present in <i>Xylococcus</i> (Xylococcidae)); tarsal digitules undifferentiated (clavate in <i>Arnoldus</i> and <i>Xiphos</i>); membranous lateral areas of scutellum absent (present in <i>Grohnus</i> (Grohnidae) and <i>Xiphos</i>) and cubital ridge extending beyond middle of wing (cubital ridge very short, reaching posterior wing margin at 1/4 its length in <i>Serafinus</i> (Serafinidae)). In particular, the shape of the pterostigma in <i>Criniverticillus</i> is very similar to that of <i>Weitschatus</i> and <i>Pseudoweitschatus</i> (Weitschatidae) (absent in other Xylococcid-like taxa).</p> <p> <i>Criniverticillus</i> differs from the other two genera in Weitschatidae by the following combination of characters (contrasting conditions in the other taxa are given in brackets): antenna significantly longer, 2.10–2.40 mm in <i>Criniverticillus</i> (1.30–1.33 mm in <i>Pseudoweitschatus</i>); most setae on antenna forming distinct whorls (without whorls in <i>Weitschatus</i>); antennal apical segment with the short ‘curved bristles’ of Vea & Grimaldi (2015) (absent in <i>Weitschatus</i>); hamulohaltere leaf-shaped (bilobed in <i>Weitschatus</i>); first three abdominal tergites with distinct median ridge (median ridge absent in <i>Weitschatus</i> and <i>Pseudoweitschatus</i>); a single row of tubular ducts present on each of abdominal tergites VI and VII (2–4 rows of pores in <i>Weitschatus</i>), and the presence of a pair of short tubercular projections on the apex of abdominal segment VIII (absent in <i>Pseudoweitschatus</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Lin, Shan, Yao, Yunzhi & Ren, Dong, 2018, A new scale insect of the extinct family Weitschatidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 427-434 in Zootaxa 4407 (3)</i> on pages 428-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1216662">http://zenodo.org/record/1216662</a&gt

    Male pheasant-tailed jacanas commit infanticides to avoid cuckoldry when paternity of eggs is doubtful

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    Chen, Te-Chih, Lin, Yao-Sung, Deng, Po-Ling, Ding, Tzung-Su (2008): Male pheasant-tailed jacanas commit infanticides to avoid cuckoldry when paternity of eggs is doubtful. Journal of Natural History 42 (47-48): 2991-3000, DOI: 10.1080/00222930802389817, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022293080238981
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