30,714 research outputs found
over no things : a film by Yen-Chao Lin
No full text"When did you start to forget? Is it possible not to start to forget? over no things is a poetic visual approach to the passage of time and the melancholic nostalgia of aging. With meditative contemplation, the experience of cinematic time is decelerated and romanticized through slow moving frames and minimalist still tableaux. An emotive piece which communicates through absence." -- DVD's back cover
Beardsley on literature, fiction, and nonfiction
Full text linkThis paper attempts to revive interest in the speech act theory of literature by looking into Monroe C. Beardsley's account in particular. Beardsley's view in this respect has received, surprisingly, less attention than deserved. I first offer a reconstruction of Beardsley's account and then use it to correct some notable misconceptions. Next, I show that the reformulation reveals a hitherto unnoticed discrepancy in Beardsley's position and that this can be explained away by a weak version of intentionalism that Beardsley himself actually tolerates. Finally, I assess the real difficulty of Beardsley's theory and its relevance today.Szu-Yen Lin is a doctoral candidate in philosophy at the University of Auckland. He received his MA in philosophy from National Chung Cheng University in Taiwan. His research areas include aesthetics and philosophy of the arts, in particular the philosophy of literature. He is currently working on the problem of literary interpretation. Apart from being a philosophy researcher, Szu-Yen is also a mystery writer, having published 8 novels and 28 short stories in Chinese, one of which also appeared in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine
Making a Transnational Design History in East Asia: Yen Shuilong’s Craft-Design Movement
Full text linkYen Shuilong (1903-97) was born in Taiwan within the ‘Japanese Empire’ but his live is dominated by what we would now call transnational activities. During the fifteen years since his death, there have been a number of retrospective exhibitions on him, and these have served to anchor his status in Taiwanese history of art and design. From last year through to this year the Taipei Fine Arts Museum organised an exhibition ‘The Public Spirit, Beauty in the Making： Shui-Long Yen’. (Fig. 2) On the other hand in Japan, even though Yen was Japanese until 1945, he hasn’t been well recognized, and it appears as though he may have been intentionally forgotten with the history of Japanese colonization
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
An Efficient Time-Based Checkpointing Protocol for Mobile Computing Systems over Mobile IP
No full textThe Development of the Taiwanese Version of the Manual Ability Measure for Burns
No full text 背景：以適當的評估工具評估手部燒燙傷病患之手功能是極為重要的。然而，當今用於評估手部燒燙傷病患之數種評估工具心理計量上及臨床實用性上皆有其不適切之處，也並沒有專門適用於燒燙傷病患之評估工具；可能因而導致遺漏了重要的資訊，而影響手功能評估的準確性及後續的臨床治療。自覺徒手功能評量乃用於評估個案的自覺手功能狀況，可協助了解個案主觀最欲改善的問題，且在臨床之使用亦較便利，但其心理計量等相關特性並未在燒燙傷族群中經過驗證。
目的：本研究乃以自覺徒手功能評量(MAM-36)為基礎，欲針對手部燒燙傷病患發展出「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」(T-MAM for Burns)並驗證其心理計量特性，用以評估燒燙傷病患之自覺手功能。
方法：原始版 MAM-36問卷先進行翻譯並作文化上之調整，隨後加入針對燒燙傷設計之題項形成初始版「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」問卷。將初始版問卷於45名有復健需求之手部燒燙傷病患，並追蹤三個月。正式版問卷之題項乃依據心裡計量分析結果自初始版篩選出，且同時分析其心理計量特質(如信效度)及其於第一個月與第三個月追蹤時之反應性。
結果：最後被選入正式版「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」問卷者共20題，並附加三題用作臨床參考(不列入計分)。本問卷具有良好之內部一致性與再測信度(Cronbach’s α = 0.947; ICC = 0.987)。同時效度結果顯示「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」之分數與QuickDASH高度相關(r = -0.786)，並與傑布森─泰勒手功能測驗(JTHFT)及握╱指力中度相關(r值分別為-0.487、0.660及0.631)。第一個月及第三個月追蹤之效果值分別為0.24及0.44，顯示本評量具有小至中等之反應性。區辨效度部份，以燒燙傷面積(TBSA) 25%切分為兩組之總分並無顯著差異，但「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」高分組及低分組則具顯著差異。
結論：「燒燙傷用台灣版自覺徒手功能評量」為一具信效度、針對燒燙傷族群使用的自覺徒手功能評估工具，且可反應出燒燙傷患者不同時間點時的徒手功能改變情形，可用作燒燙傷復健之結果評估。 Background: To evaluate hand function of hand-burn patients with adequate tools is essential. However, it seems that no burn-specific hand function measurement tools are available, while common-used tools lack validation in burn population. The quality of hand function evaluation and the following rehabilitation intervention might therefore be jeopardized. The Manual Ability Measure (MAM-36) is a questionnaire evaluates self-perceived manual ability. It can help to recognize clients’ subjective first-priority problems and is clinically more convenient to administer, but has not been validated in burn population.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate Taiwanese Version of the Manual Ability Measure for Burns (T-MAM for Burns), an evaluation tool adapted from the MAM-36, to assess self-perceived manual ability of burn patients.
Methods: The original MAM-36 was translated and cultural-adapted first and burn-specific items were added, forming a preliminary version of the T-MAM for Burns. The preliminary T-MAM for Burns was field-tested in a consecutive sample of 45 hand-burn patients with rehabilitation needs, and a three-month follow-up was done. Items of the final T-MAM for Burns were selected based on the results of psychometric analysis. Psychometric properties such as reliability and validity of the T-MAM for Burns were investigated, as well as its responsiveness at the first and third month follow-ups.
Results: Twenty items were selected into the final T-MAM for Burns, with three additional items as clinical reference (not to be counted into the total score). The T-MAM for Burns was found to have excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.947; ICC = 0.987). Concurrent validity results showed that the T-MAM for Burns score was highly correlated to the short form Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) (r = -0.786) and moderately correlated to the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (r = -0.487) and grip/pinch power (r = 0.660 and 0.631, respectively). The effect sizes at the first and third month follow-ups were 0.24 and 0.44, respectively, showing a small to moderate responsiveness. Regarding the discriminant validity, no significant difference in total score was found between two groups divided by TBSA = 25%, but the scoring was significantly different between the high and low T-MAM for Burns score groups.
Conclusions: The T-MAM for Burns is a valid and reliable tool to assess the perceived manual ability among burn patients. It can reflect the changes of manual ability over time, and can be used as an outcome measure in burns rehabilitation
Interpretation and the Implied Author: A Descriptive Project
No full textThe utterance model is a popular basis for theories of interpretation in the contemporary analytic philosophy of literature. This model suggests that interpretation should be constrained by a work’s identity-relevant factors in its context of production because a work, like an utterance, acquires its identity and content in part from its relations with that context. From a descriptive point of view, I argue that the implied author account of interpretation best describes critical practice following the current positions based on the utterance model. That is, people who interpret in accordance with these positions end up interpreting an implied author
Beardsley and the Implied Author
No full textAbstract
Some theorists on literary interpretation have suggested a connection between Monroe C. Beardsley’s anti-intentionalism and hypothetical intentionalism based on an implied author. However, a full exploration has never been attempted. I undertake this task in this paper. A close reading of Beardsley reveals that he assumes something very similar to the implied author in interpretation. I distinguish five types of fictional works in terms of their narrative mode and show that my claim stands in at least four of the five types. The significance of my argument lies in exposing the above version of authorism in anti-intentionalism.
Beardsley is generally perceived as advocating the irrelevance of authorial intention to literary interpretation. The common interpretation of his theory is that work-meaning is generated by linguistic conventions, with intention playing no role in meaning-determination. All the interpreter needs is knowledge of public, linguistic conventions in order to recover textual meaning.
Nevertheless, when dealing with the problem of interpretation, Beardsley explicitly talks about attributing textual meaning to a fictional speaker. Although he does not elaborate on the nature of this speaker, clues scattered in his writings point to the striking similarity of this theoretical apparatus to an implied author. The key lies in his presumption that every fictional work must have an ultimate speaker to whom meaning inferred from the text should be attributed. This claim is almost the core of an implied author theory of interpretation.
A difficulty in classifying Beardsley’s view as a version of the implied author position is that his characterization of the story’s presenter might apply better to the story’s narrator than to its implied author. To test this, I examine different types of narrative modes to see whether the fictional speaker merges with the implied author in each of these scenarios.
The first factor to consider for classifying narrative modes is whether the narrator’s presence is explicit or implicit. The narrative scenario in which the narrator is implicit can be further divided into two sub-types: either the story is told from an omniscient viewpoint or centers on the experience of a third-person character. In either case, the story is not told by any of the characters in the story; rather, it is told by an implicit speaker whose words the work purports to be. It seems reasonable to identify this fictional speaker with the implied author, for both function as the subject to which textual meaning is attributed.
As for the narrative mode in which the narrator is explicit, this involves first-person narratives. In these, either the narrator is reliable or unreliable. When the narrator is unreliable, a transcendental perspective is required in determining the text’s meaning, because what is said ultimately in the work is not equivalent to what is literally said by the unreliable narrator. It follows that an implicit speaker has to be assumed and she again coincides with the implied author.
Where the narrator is reliable but textual meaning transcends what is literally expressed, an implicit speaker is at play again. This narrative scenario is thus better classified as a case in which the narrator’s presence is implicit. This leaves us with the narrative scenario in which the narrator is a reliable spokesperson for the implied author.
The identification of the narrator with the implied author in the case last mentioned is controversial. The crucial difference between them is that the former is dramatized in the story while the latter is not. I accept that the narrator here is not happily called an implied author, though I also point out several similarities between the two.
Finally, I discuss four complications to my argument. The first concerns multiple points of view in a story. To accommodate this kind of narrative, Beardsley could argue that an implicit narrator is needed to explain the definite meaning concealed behind what is literally said by different characters. The second complication is about the ontological status accorded to the narrator and the implied author. It might be objected that the two reside in different fictional worlds and this is what makes their merging impossible. But it is questionable whether this is a definitional feature of the implied author; moreover, the interpreter can take the implied author to be an instrumentalist concept and hence avoid talk about the ontological status of fictional entities. The third complication claims that versions of the implied author position developed by philosophers tend to be based on a contextualist ontology of literature; however, Beardsley’s account is acontextual. This is not true, for Beardsley has exhibited contextualist leanings in his writings. Finally, it has been objected that the formalist resources Beardsley has are not enough to guarantee a single right interpretation. But if Beardsley is actually a contextualist, contextual constraints will come into play and raise the chance of getting a single right interpretation.
The article concludes by reflecting on the significance of the misrepresentation of anti-intentionalism: it is the intention of the actual author which anti-intentionalism is against. The position in question is actually developed in an intentionalist framework based on the implied author.</jats:p
Teng Yen-lin, Tchong-wen ts'an-k'ao-chou kiu-yao
No full textStein Rolf Alfred. Teng Yen-lin, Tchong-wen ts'an-k'ao-chou kiu-yao. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 41, 1941. pp. 393-394
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