14,711 research outputs found
Peter B. Maling, Christchurch, New Zealand [picture] /
No full textTitle devised from compactus card.; Inscriptions: "Peter B. Maling. Photograph for reference"--On compactus card, "Print U/1633 11535"--In pencil on verso; photographers stamp.; Rex Nan Kivell Collection NK11535.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn6093270. Dr Peter B. Maling is a New Zealand author and historian. He was a friend and correspondent of Rex Nan Kivell
The Authenticity of I Peter
No full textThe book of I Peter, when compared to the rest of the New Testament corpus, has been a neglected book. Debate concerning its date, form, and authorship continues in New Testament scholarship. The focus of this study is the authorship of I Peter.
The internal evidence of the text as well as the external attestation of I Peter are examined for their bearing on the question of authorship. Analysis is made of the arguments used to support the authenticity of I Peter and those used to deny it.
The arguments examined to support the authenticity of I Peter include the following: 1) the document claims Petrine authorship; 2) the author claims to have been an eyewitness of Jesus\u27 sufferings; 3) the content of I Peter coincides with the speeches attributed to Peter in Acts; 4) certain phrases in I Peter seem to recall sayings of Jesus; 5) the reference to Mark in I Peter is consistent with the tradition of a close association between the apostle Peter and the Mark who wrote the second Gospel; 6) the testimony of the postapostolic writings are supportive of the genuiness [sic] of I Peter.
These arguments are found to be consistent with the book’s claim of authorship. Significantly, opponents’ response to these arguments produce no interpretations of the text or conclusions that would be inconsistent with Petrine authorship.
The arguments used to deny authenticity concern the nature of the persecutions referred to in the epistle and the excellent Greek exhibited by the author. It is maintained that the persecutions envisaged could not have occurred in Peter\u27s lifetime and that Peter would never have had the literary abilities necessary to write such good Greek.
These arguments do not bear up under scrutiny. The references to persecution in the text of I Peter reflect a situation similar to that found in Acts--Christians were under frequent suspicion and attack. Peter himself experienced such treatment. Further, the archeological evidence points to the widespread use of Greek at all levels of Palestinian Judaism during the first century. Peter\u27s ability in Greek might have been sufficient to produce I Peter. Even if this were not the case, some type of an amanuensis theory to explain the quality of the Greek is suggested by the text (5:12).
I Peter possesses internal consistency and strong external attestation. The life-situation of the recipients is historically similar to what could have occurred in Peter’s lifetime. Thus I Peter is an authentic epistle of the apostle Peter
Pseudolitochira taiwang Ng & Lin 2023, n. sp.
No full text<i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 1D, 6, 7)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: female (11.2 × 8.1 mm) (NMMBCD5627), Badouzi, Keelung County, Taiwan, coll. SCUBA, C.-W. Lin, 27 July 2016.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> 1 female (11.0 × 7.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-7770), Sesoko Island, Okinawa Island, Ryukyus, Japan, <i>ca</i>. 1.0 m, coll. T. Maenosono, 25 December 2022; 1 male (8.5 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2023.0031, ex RUMF-ZC-7523), subtidal, off Kudaka island, Nanjo, Okinawa Island, Ryukyus, Japan, coll. Okinawa Prefecture Environment Center, T. Saito, 21 May 2021.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace transversely ovate, width 1.38 times length (Fig. 6A, B); surface covered with short fine pubescence, frontal and anterolateral margins with dense, long silk-like pubescence, those lining postfrontal ridge relatively shorter, plumose (Figs. 1D, 6A, C); external orbital tooth low, barely separated from very low first anterolateral tooth, margin appears granulate, second anterolateral tooth distinct but short, lateral margins lined with denticles, last anterolateral tooth small, directed laterally (Fig. 6B); posterior margin of epistome with median lobe low, broadly triangular, lateral margin gently concave (Fig. 6C, E). Third maxilliped with short, subquadrate ischium, merus quadrate, subdistal margin with low granules (Fig. 6D). Chelipeds homochelous, chela with fingers about three-quarters length of palm, outer surface covered with granules and long setae obscuring margins (Fig. 6A, G). Ambulatory legs with merus and propodus distinctly short, stout, lined with dense long silk-like setae (Fig. 6A, H). Vulvae large, ovate, on proximal half of sternite 6, positioned close to median part of sternite 6, opening obliquely (Fig. 6F).</p> <p> <b>Colour in life.</b> Carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs orangish-red with long setae bright yellow; distal twothirds of fingers black (Fig. 1D).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name is an arbitrary combination of the name Taiwan with Wang Chia-Hsiang. Chia-Hsiang, who passed away in 2022, was the first author’s oldest friend in Taiwan, and a valued colleague beyond measure. He encouraged many generations of young people to pursue carcinology and bring the community in the island together. That the species is found in Taiwan and Okinawa is also providence, it was there where Chia-Hsiang and the first author first met a lifetime ago. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> With regards to the dense and long silk-like setae on the carapace and armature of the anterolateral carapace teeth, <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> most closely resembles <i>P. lanuginosus</i> (Klunzinger, 1913) from the Red Sea, but <i>P. taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is a distinctly larger species with the adult holotype female measuring 11.2 × 8.1 mm (adult females of <i>P. lanuginosus</i> already mature at 5.4 × 3.5 mm and ovigerous at 5.1 × 3.5 mm); the carapace is higher with the dorsal surface prominently convex (Fig. 6A, C) (carapace relatively lower in <i>P. lanuginosus</i>; Ng & Clark 2022b: fig. 1A, B); and the merus of the third maxilliped is proportionately smaller (Fig. 6D) (distinctly larger in <i>P. lanuginosus</i>; Ng & Clark 2022b: fig. 2D).</p> <p> <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is also close to <i>P. crinita</i> Ng & Clark, 2022a, from Papua New Guinea. It can, however, easily be separated by the setae on the carapace and legs being much denser (Figs. 1D, 6A) (setae less dense in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 2b); the carapace is more hexagonal with the posterolateral margins slightly concave to almost straight (Fig. 6A, B) (carapace transversely ovate with the posterolateral margins gently convex in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: figs. 2b, 5e); the dorsal surface of the carapace is distinctly higher and more convex in frontal view (Fig. 6A, C) (dorsal surface relatively lower in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 5f, g); the anterolateral carapace margin has the first anterolateral spine low, with the next two spines more prominent, the junction with the posterolateral margin marked by a spine (Fig. 6B) (with only two very low spines, the junction with the posterolateral margin being rounded in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 5e); the merus of the third maxilliped is proportionately smaller (Fig. 6D) (larger in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: figs. 5h, 7c); and the merus of the fourth ambulatory leg is proportionately shorter (Fig. 6H) (merus distinctly longer in <i>P. crinita</i>; Ng & Clark 2022a: fig. 6g).</p> <p> <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> closely resembles <i>H. setosus</i> (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) from New Caledonia, especially with regards to the pattern of setation (cf. A. Milne-Edwards 1873: 267–268). The latter species is poorly known and although often reported from various parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans (<i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., see Poupin 2010; Trivedi <i>et al.</i> 2018), it has never been redescribed to modern standards. The figures of the species are relatively accurate, and the first author has examined photographs of four dried syntypes in the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The species was originally described in <i>Carcinoplax</i> H. Milne Edwards, 1852, but was referred to <i>Heteropilumnus</i> by Balss (1933). The figure of the frontal part of the cephalothorax of <i>H. setosus</i> by A. Milne-Edwards (1873: pl. 12 fig. 2a) is diagnostic and shows the posterior margin of the epistome entire, without any lateral clefts or lobes: a diagnostic character of <i>Pseudolitochira</i>. As such, <i>Carcinoplax setosa</i> A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, is here also transferred to <i>Pseudolitochira</i>. <i>Pseudolitochira taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be distinguished from <i>P. setosa</i> by its relatively narrower carapace (width to length ratio 1.38 versus 1.50; Fig. 6A, B versus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the last anterolateral carapace tooth is spiniform (Fig. 6B) (dentiform in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the posterolateral margins are more convergent towards the posterior carapace margin (Fig. 6A, B) (more divergent in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2); the median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistome is relatively lower (Fig. 6C, E) (more produced in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2a); and the merus of the fourth ambulatory leg is distinctly shorter (Fig. 6A, H) (more elongate in <i>P. setosa</i>; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: pl. 12 fig. 2).</p> <p> The specimen identified as “ <i>Heteropilumnus longisetum</i> Davie & Humpherys, 1997 ” (type locality Western Australia) by Maenosono (2023: 165) (RUMF-ZC-7770) from Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, is clearly identical to <i>P. taiwang</i> <b>n. sp.</b> The figures of the specimen (Maenosono 2023: figs. 1, 2) agree with the type female in all aspects. There is also a male specimen (ZRC 2023.0031) from Okinawa that agrees with the rest of the material in all non-sexual aspects; its male pleon and gonopods are here figured (Fig. 7E–I). Compared to <i>P. maenosonoi</i>, the only congener in which males are known, the G1 is distinctly more sinuous with the distal part more elongate and directed laterally (Fig. 7F–H) (G1 less sinuous with the distal part gently curved and not elongate in <i>P. maenosonoi</i>; cf. Ng & Clark, 2022a: fig. 7e–g).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> The type specimen was found under a rock with a soft, muddy substrate.</p>Published as part of <i>Ng, Peter K. L. & Lin, Chia-Wei, 2023, Two new species of hairy crabs (Pilumnidae) and the first record of Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile, 1900) (Acidopsidae) (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Taiwan, pp. 101-114 in Zootaxa 5297 (1)</i> on pages 106-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7989367">http://zenodo.org/record/7989367</a>
Using whole exome sequencing to investigate the genetic bases of lysosomal storage diseases of unknown etiology
No full textLysosomes are membrane-bound, acidic eukaryotic cellular organelles that play important roles in the degradation of macromolecules. Mutations that cause the loss of lysosomal protein function can lead to a group of disorders categorized as the lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Suspicion of LSD is frequently based on clinical and pathologic findings, but in some cases, the underlying genetic and biochemical defects remain unknown. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 14 suspected LSD cases to evaluate the feasibility of using WES for identifying causal mutations. By examining 2,157 candidate genes potentially associated with lysosomal function, we identified eight variants in five genes as candidate disease-causing variants in four individuals. These included both known and novel mutations. Variants were corroborated by targeted sequencing and, when possible, functional assays. In addition, we identified nonsense mutations in two individuals in genes that are not known to have lysosomal function. However, mutations in these genes could have resulted in phenotypes that were diagnosed as LSDs. This study demonstrates that WES can be used to identify causal mutations in suspected LSD cases. We also demonstrate cases where a confounding clinical phenotype may potentially reflect more than one lysosomal protein defect.Peer reviewe
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