173,869 research outputs found
Spatial Chow-Lin Methods for Data Completion in Econometric Flow Models
Full text linkFlow data across regions can be modeled by spatial econometric models, see LeSage and Pace (2009). Recently, regional studies became interested in the aggregation and disaggregation of flow models, because trade data cannot be obtained at a disaggregated level but data are published on an aggregate level. Furthermore, missing data in disaggregated flow models occur quite often since detailed measurements are often not possible at all observation points in time and space. In this paper we develop classical and Bayesian methods to complete flow data. The Chow and Lin (1971) method was developed for completing disaggregated incomplete time series data. We will extend this method in a general framework to spatially correlated flow data using the cross-sectional Chow-Lin method of Polasek et al. (2009). The missing disaggregated data can be obtained either by feasible GLS prediction or by a Bayesian (posterior) predictive density.Missing values in spatial econometrics, MCMC, non-spatial Chow-Lin (CL) and spatial Chow-Lin (SCL) methods, spatial internal flow (SIF) models, origin and destination (OD) data
Singaporemma wulongensis Lin & Li 2014
No full textSingaporemma wulongensis Lin & Li, 2014 Figures 6E–e, 7F Singaporemma wulongensis Lin & Li, 2014: 46, figs 7–9, 17, 20B Examined material. Holotype ♂, paratypes 8♂ and 20♀ (NHMSU), CHINA: Chongqing, Wulong, Tudi Town, Tiansheng Village, Xiaodong Cave, 29°31.853'N, 107°50.817'E, altitude 1050 m, 17 October 2010, L. Dou and Y. Lin leg. Diagnosis. Male of S. wulongensis differs from males of all other congeners with the exception of S. bifurcata by the furcate embolus (Fig. 6E–e vs. Fig. 6A–D, 6a–d, 6G–H, 6g –h); it differs from male of S. bifurcata by the narrower, longer oval bulb, the embolus with two equilong tip branches, and the embolus starts from the submesialback surface of bulb, but the embolus of S. bifurcata with asymmetric branches that origins from prolateral surface of bulb (Fig. 6E–e vs. Fig. 6F–f). Female of S. wulongensis seems also close to S. bifurcata having a similar vulval structure, but it can be distinguished by the lager “ω”-shaped inner vulval plate, and the longer, weakly sclerotized central process (Fig. 7F vs. Fig. 7D). Description. See Lin & Li, 2014: 46. Distribution. China (Chongqing) (Fig. 10).Published as part of Yan, Fanhu & Lin, Yucheng, 2018, A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species, pp. 329-346 in Zootaxa 4392 (2) on pages 344-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/119544
Singaporemma banxiaoensis Lin & Li 2014
No full textSingaporemma banxiaoensis Lin & Li, 2014 Figures 6B–b, 7C Singaporemma banxiaoensis Lin & Li, 2014: 42, figs 4–6, 16C–D, 20A Examined material. Holotype ♂, paratypes 1♂ and 1♀ (IZCAS), CHINA: Guangxi, Pingxiang, Xiashi Town, Xinming Village, Banxiaotun, Banxiao Cave, 22°5.542'N, 106°52.148'E, altitude 175 m, 26 July 2011, X. Wang leg. Diagnosis. Male of this species is similar to S. halongense (Fig. 6A) and S. lenachanae (Fig. 6D), but can be distinguished from the latter two by the narrower, pointed embolic tip (Fig. 6b vs. Fig. 6a, 6d), and by the vestigial white eyespots lacking black ocular base in the both sexes (see Lin & Li, 2014: fig. 4G–H vs. Lin et al., 2017: figs 16E–F, 21A). Female is close to S. takensis sp. n. in having a similar configuration of vulva, but differs from the latter by the inverted triangular inner vulval plate, the wider, shorter central process (Fig. 7C vs. Fig. 5C–D). Description. See Lin & Li, 2014: 42. Distribution. China (Guangxi) (Fig. 10).Published as part of Yan, Fanhu & Lin, Yucheng, 2018, A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species, pp. 329-346 in Zootaxa 4392 (2) on page 331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/119544
Singaporemma bifurcata Lin & Li 2010
No full textSingaporemma bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010 Figures 1A–H, 2A–E, 6F–f, 8A Singaporemma bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010: 26, figs 29–37 Examined material. Topotypes 11♂ 25♀ (NHMSU), CHINA: Guizhou, Suiyang, Wenquan Town, Guihua Village, Hejiao Cave, 28°15´N, 107°17´E, altitude 695 m, 17 April 2015, Y. Lin and H. Yang leg. Diagnosis. With the exception of S. wulongensis, male of S. bifurcata can be distinguished from all other congeners by the embolus with an asymmetrically furcate end (Fig. 6f vs. Fig. 6a–d, 6g –h), and female of S. bifurcata differs by the stubby, sclerotized central process (Fig. 8A vs. Figs. 5C–D, 7A–C, 9A–B). S. bifurcata similar to S. wulongensis in the shape of palpal bulb and the configuration of vulva, but male of S. bifurcata can be distinguished from that of S. wulongensis by the starting position of embolus (Fig. 6F vs. Fig. 6E, the position indicated by the blue arrow) and the unequal length of branches of embolic tip (Fig. 6f vs. Fig. 6e); female of S. bifurcata separated by the smaller, “Ω”-shaped inner vulval plate, and the shorter central process (Fig. 8A vs. Fig. 8B). Description. See Figs 1A–H, 2A–E, 6F–f, 8A and Lin & Li, 2010: 26. Distribution. China (Guizhou) (Fig. 10).Published as part of Yan, Fanhu & Lin, Yucheng, 2018, A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species, pp. 329-346 in Zootaxa 4392 (2) on page 334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/119544
SPATIAL CHOW-LIN METHODS: BAYESIAN AND ML FORECAST COMPARISONS
Full text linkCompleting data that are collected in disaggregated and heterogeneous spatial units is a quite frequent problem in spatial analyses of regional data. Chow and Lin (1971) (CL) were the rst to develop a uni ed framework for the three problems (interpolation, extrapolation and distribution) of predicting disaggregated times series by so-called indicator series. This paper develops a spatial CL procedure for disaggregating cross-sectional spatial data and compares the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian spatial CL forecasts with the naive pro rata error distribution. We outline the error covariance structure in a spatial context, derive the BLUE for the ML estimator and the Bayesian estimation procedure by MCMC. Finally we
apply the procedure to European regional GDP data and discuss the disaggregation assumptions. For the evaluation of the spatial Chow-Lin procedure we assume that only NUTS 1 GDP is known and predict it at NUTS 2 by using employment and spatial information available at NUTS 2. The spatial neighborhood is de ned by the inverse travel time by car in minutes. Finally, we present the forecast accuracy criteria comparing the predicted values with the actual observations.
Spiranthes nivea var. nivea T. P. Lin & W. M. Lin 2011
No full textSpiranthes nivea T.P. Lin & W.M. Lin (2011: 320) var. nivea — Fig. 4. Type:— TAIWAN. Pingtung: Tahanshan, 20 May 2009, Y.F. Wang s.n. (holotype: TAI 270634!). Synonym:— Spiranthes suishaensis auct. non (Hayata 1916: 86) Schlechter (1919: 161): Lin (2016: 117). Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Lin & Lin (2011: 320; f. 5), Surveswaran et al. (2017: 125; f. 4), Hsu & Chung (2016: 188), as Spiranthes suishaensis, and Lin (2019: 266; f. 117; pl. 13). Distribution and ecology: —The typical variety species is only recorded from the type locality, Tahanshan (Mt. Tahan) in southern Taiwan. It grows on semi-open roadside slopes around 1400–1600 m elev. and flowers from March to April. Additional specimens examined: — TAIWAN. Pingtung Co.: Mt. Tahan, 13 March 2013, T.-C. Hsu 6342 (TAIF!); Tahanshan, 9 April 2013, S.-S. Lin s.n. (TAI!). Taxonomic remarks: — Spiranthes nivea is most similar to S. hongkongensis, but it differs in having nearly glabrous labellum disc, smaller glabrous basal labellum callosities, and sparsely pubescent glabrous rachis, ovaries, and sepals.Published as part of Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian-Chuan, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 1-10 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/751762
lin-31, a Caenorhabditis elegans HNF-3/fork head transcription factor homolog, specifies three alternative cell fates in vulva development
No full textLate events in the cell-cell signalling pathway that controls the specification of vulva cell fates in C. elegans are characterized. The lin-31 gene acts downstream of the ras homolog let-60 and encodes a member of the HNF-3/fork head family of DNA-binding transcription factors. lin-31 regulates how vulval precursor cells choose their fate and in lin-31 mutants, these cells do not properly choose which fate to express and therefore adopt any of the 3 possible vulval cell fates in a deregulated manner..RE: 68 ref.; SC: CA; PE; 0TSource type: Electronic(1) http://upei-resolver.asin-risa.ca?sid=SP:CABI&id=pmid:&id=&issn=0890-9369&isbn=&volume=7&issue=6&spage=933&pages=933-947&date=1993&title=Genes%20and%20Development&atitle=lin-31%2c%20a%20Caenorhabditis%20elegans%20HNF-3%2ffork%20head%20transcription%20factor%20homolog%2c%20specifies%20three%20alternative%20cell%20fates%20in%20vulva%20development.&aulast=Miller&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMiller%2c%20L%20M%3bGallegos%2c%20M%20E%3bMorisseau%2c%20B%20A%3bKim%2c%20S%20K%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E19932337278%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%20article%3C%2FDT%3
Cybaeus fushun Lin & Li 2021, sp. nov.
No full textCybaeus fushun Lin & Li, sp. nov. (Figs 15A–B, 17A–B) Diagnosis. Cybaeus fushun Lin & Li, sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. huadian Lin & Li, sp. nov. and C. songniensis Seo, 2016 by the inconspicuous COs and the same shape of the S but can be distinguished by the spiraled CDs (vs. no spirals in C. huadian Lin & Li, sp. nov. and C. songniensis), S narrowed (vs. elongate in C. huadian Lin & Li, sp. nov. and C. songniensis). Description. Female (holotype, IZCAS-Ar42408, Figs 15A–B, 17A–B). Total length 10.44. Color in alcohol: carapace, sternum, chelicerae, labium, endites, palp, and legs white with black pattern. Carapace 4.21 long, 3.50 wide. Opisthosoma 6.08 long, 4.26 wide. Fovea longitudinal. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.13, PME 0.23, PLE 0.19, AME– AME 0.13, PME–PME 0.14, AME–PME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.13, PME–PLE 0.13, ALE–PLE 0.13. AER almost straight. Leg measurements: Leg I 14.00 (4.05 + 5.05 + 3.10 + 1.80), leg II 13.10 (3.60 + 4.75 + 3.00 + 1.75), leg III 11.33 (3.50 + 3.03 + 3.30 + 1.50), leg IV 14.95 (4.00 + 4.90 + 4.15 + 1.90). Leg formula 4123. Abdomen oval, spinnerets short and unsegmented. Epigyne (Figs 15A–B) wider than long. COs inconspicuous; CDs extend basally, middle of CDs with a spiral. AG distinct, at the middle of CDs. S large, oval. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype ♀, China: Liaoning, Fushun, Qingyuan County, Dahulinchang, (42.5878°N, 124.9367°E; elev. ca. 350 m), 8 September 2019, leg. Yejie Lin & Pengyu Jin (IZCAS-Ar42408). Paratypes. 1♀ (IZCAS- Ar42409), same data as holotype. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition, derived from the type locality.Published as part of Lin, Yejie, Marusik, Yuri M., Gao, Caixia, Xu, Hao, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Wang, Ziyi, Zhu, Wenhui & Li, Shuqiang, 2021, Twenty-three new spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Asia, pp. 91-152 in Zoological Systematics 46 (2) on page 105, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021201, http://zenodo.org/record/536706
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