3,959 research outputs found

    Writing transition noise due to random particle distribution in thin recording media

    No full text
    Fluctuations in the magnetization transition due to random distribution of position, particle size, anisotropy and misorientation of easy axis of a system of thermally activated noninteracting single domain particles (SDPs) in recording media under a recording head field has been analyzed, and the corresponding variance examined, by Monte Carlo simulation. Larger values of the thermal factor Kvp/kBT give rise to steeper magnetization hysteresis curves, narrower transition widths and, correspondingly, sharper and narrower noise distributions. Heterogeneous media with an admixture of several different particle size distributions lead to a wider transition width at a lower noise level. Random anisotropy constant distribution imparts a far more severe effect to broaden the transition width while keeping the variance wider and shallower than that due to random particle size distribution. Similarly, random in-plane misorientation distribution of the easy axis is much less effective to broaden the transition width than that due to the out-of-plane misorientation. Variance in the read-out voltage becomes asymmetric when the head gap length is comparable to the transition widt

    Sectoral allocation by gender of Latin American workers over the liberalization period of the 1990s

    Full text link
    The recent restructuring of Latin American economies has renewed interest in the effects of trade liberalization, on labor markets, and on the gender division of labor. The author does not attempt to establish casuality between economic reforms, and the types of jobs that men and women hold. Instead, she provides a detailed description of the trends in male, and female formal, and informal sector participation during the economic reform period in Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica. The author first compares the gender composition of the formal, informal wage, and self-employment sectors in a year before reforms (1988 for Argentina, 1989 for Brazil, and Costa Rica), and a year after reforms implementation (1997 for Argentina, 1995 for Brazil and Costa Rica). Although women continued to be more likely than men to work in the informal wage sector, there is no trend of"masculinization"or"feminization"of the informal sector, or any other. Instead, in Argentina men have overtaken women as the most prevalent workers in the informal wage sector, while in Brazil, the opposite has occurred (as men move into self-employment). In Costa Rica there have been no statistical, observable changes. The author then considers the distribution across sectors within each gender group, to identify whether men, and women are more likely to select different sectors in the post-reform period relative to the pre-reform period. Among both men, and women in all three countries (except Brazilian men), workers have become more likely to hold informal wage jobs, and less likely to hold formal sector jobs. Trends in human capital accumulation explain these changes for both men, and women, while changes in gender roles, primarily in homecare and marriage, do not seem to have an effect.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Population&Development,Public Health Promotion,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Population&Development,Banks&Banking Reform,Work&Working Conditions
    corecore