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The lived experiences of spiritual suffering and healing process among Taiwanese patients with terminal cancer.
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Pluralism and the Priority of Right
No full textJohn Rawls argues, in his renowned book A Theory of Justice, that the concept of right is prior to the concept of the good. It seems the underlying idea is that he takes the diversity of comprehensive philosophical or moral doctrines as an enduring fact of the public culture of the contemporary constitutional democracy. Therefore, he attempts to construct his conception of juctice without presupposing any particular comprehensive ideal of the good. This article tries to show that Rawls does assume a controversial conception of the good, namely, the individualistic ideal of the person, as one of premises in developing his theory of justice. In other words, Rawls cannot consistently holds the priority of right over the good
R. M. Hare On Universalizability
No full text本文的目的在批判黑爾（R. M. Hare）的普遍化原則。黑爾主張普遍化原則是道德判斷之判準的一個必要條件，他認為如果一個人面臨相同的處境做出不同的判斷，則不是他的判斷不屬於道德範疇，就是他的判斷不是全部皆真。換句話說，一個道德原則如果被認定對某人在某種情況下有約束力，它對其他任何人在相同情境下也同樣有約束力。本文透過黑爾所舉的例子，檢視其論證之健全性，指出其普遍化原則並不能做為決定人們在實際生活中思考應該如何行動的有效法則；事實上，普遍化原則根本不能如黑爾所主張是定義道德的一個充分或必要條件
Group Differences and Social Justice
No full textThis article presents the arguments for and against liberalism concerning the justice and differences of cultures or social groups.
Contemporary liberalism has been criticized by many theorists on its insensitivity to differences between cultures and social groups. The topic concerning the demand for recognition by minority cultures and disadvantaged groups is one of the major concerns of both liberal and anti-liberal camps. According to anti-liberal theorists (mainly Marion Young in this article), the liberal conception of justice is inadequate in dealing with cultural minorities and marginalized groups. In order to accommodate non-liberal ways of life, some special rights attached to cultures or groups collectively should be recognized in addition to the equal rights accorded to each in dividual in a liberal state. To meet this challenge, many liberals (Joseph Raz, William Galston, and Will Kymlicka) try to argue that the so－called collective rights can be justified within a modified liberal theory of justice. Liberalism, therefore, can accommodate cultural minorities fully. Liberals' answer, however, does not satisfy Nancy Fraser. She tries to find a new way to solve the problem posed by the politics of recognition
Gilbert Harman's Moral Relativism
No full textGilbert Harman firmly believes that his moral theory, first published in his paper "Moral Relativism Defended" has succeeded in defending moral Relativism which has been previously attacked as being inconsistent. Harman claims that his version of moral relativism is a thesis concerning the logical form of a certain kind of moral judgments, i. e., inner judgments. Although Harman's moral relativism avoids the charge of inconsistency, it is not free from serious defects. In this article, I embark on evaluating some crucial points which underlie Harman's theory
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