204,475 research outputs found
Spatial Chow-Lin Methods for Data Completion in Econometric Flow Models
No full textFlow data across regions can be modeled by spatial econometric models, see LeSage and Pace (2009). Recently, regional studies became interested in the aggregation and disaggregation of flow models, because trade data cannot be obtained at a disaggregated level but data are published on an aggregate level. Furthermore, missing data in disaggregated flow models occur quite often since detailed measurements are often not possible at all observation points in time and space. In this paper we develop classical and Bayesian methods to complete flow data. The Chow and Lin (1971) method was developed for completing disaggregated incomplete time series data. We will extend this method in a general framework to spatially correlated flow data using the cross-sectional Chow-Lin method of Polasek et al. (2009). The missing disaggregated data can be obtained either by feasible GLS prediction or by a Bayesian (posterior) predictive density.Missing values in spatial econometrics, MCMC, non-spatial Chow-Lin (CL) and spatial Chow-Lin (SCL) methods, spatial internal flow (SIF) models, origin and destination (OD) data
LIN-2/CASK binds to both ACR-16 and UNC-29 through SH3 domain.
No full text(A) Summary of interactions by Yeast two-hybrid. Strong interaction (++); weak interaction (+), and no interactions (-) were indicated. (B) LIN-2A’s SH3 domain binds the ACR-16’s second intracellular loop (LoopII) in a Yeast two-hybrid assay. Y2HGold cells carrying indicated plasmids (Left) growing on selective media (-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade) is shown (Right). (C) LIN-2A’s SH3 domain binds the UNC-29’s second intracellular loop (LoopII) in the Yeast two-hybrid assay. (D-E) FRM-3 do not bind the ACR-16’s second intracellular loop (LoopII) (D) and UNC-29’s second intracellular loop (LoopII) (E) in the Yeast two-hybrid assay. (F-G) LIN-2A binds FRM-3 (F) and its FERM domain (G) requiring its PDZ domain, but not SH3 domain.</p
Lowest electronic states of neutral and ionic LiN
No full textWe have investigated the potential energy curves (PECs) of the LiN heteronuclear diatomic molecule, including its ionic species LiN+ and LiN−, using explicitly correlated multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI-F12) calculations in conjunction with the correlation consistent quintuple- basis set. The effect of core–valence correlation, scalar relativistic effects, and the size of the basis sets has been investigated. A comprehensive set of spectroscopic constants determined based on the above-mentioned calculations are also reported for the lowest electronic states and all systems, including dissociation energies, harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies, and rotational constants. Additional parameters, such as the dipole moments, equilibrium spin-orbit constants, excitation energies, and rovibrational energy levels, are also documented. We found that the three triplet states of LiN, namely, X 3∑−, A 3Π, and 2 3∑−, exhibit substantial potential wells in the PEC diagrams, while the quintet states are repulsive in nature. The ground state of the anion also shows a deep potential well in the vicinity of its equilibrium geometry. In contrast, the ground and excited states of the cation are very loosely bound. Charge transfer properties of each of these states are also analyzed to obtain an in-depth understanding of the interatomic interactions. We found that the core–valence correlation has a substantial effect on the calculated spectroscopic constants.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Atmospheric Remote Sensin
Glenea changchini Lin & Lin, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textGlenea changchini sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Description (based on three males): Male: length: 21.8 –24.0 mm, humeral width: 6.2–6.7 mm. Body dark violet. Head violet-black, with two light blue pubescent stripes on occiput, which extend around superior eye lobes and antennal tubercles. Frons with inferior eye lobes surrounded with light blue pubescent stripes which cross genae and reaching clypeus; tempora covered with light blue pubescence. Antenna red brown, basal three antennomeres darker and with light blue pubescence on ventral and inner sides, others with a faint grayish pubescence. Prothorax dark violet, pronotum with three light blue pubescent stripes (one median and one on each lateral margin) and each side with a large white patch around coxa (propleura pubescent). Scutellum with white or light blue pubescence. Elytron dark violet, with 9–11 snow-white or light blue markings (named in Fig. 3); A, B at basal fourth and C at apical fourth are more stable than others in both position and shape; D and d are smaller and sometimes absent; E-e, F-f and G-g forming oblique lines and sometimes confluent; e, f and g are quite variable in shape. Ventral surface reddishviolet; with several whitish maculae: mesepisternum, mesepimeron and most of metepisternum whitish pubescent; two patches on each side of apical abdominal segments 1–4; other parts with fulvous brown pubescence. Femora reddish-brown and glossy; tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown and with hair and pubescence, especially apical part of hind tibiae and tarsi densely covered with fulvousbrown hair and pubescence. Head slightly narrower than prothorax. Eyes medially emarginate, inferior eyelobes two times as high as genae below. Antennae relative slender, longer than body (9 th antennomere reaching elytral apex); antennomere ratio: male: 25: 5: 40: 30: 30: 27: 27: 23: 23: 22: 30. Last antennomere (Fig. 4) subdivided at apical third. Prothorax densely punctured, slightly narrower from base to apex. Elytron densely and coarsely punctured, gradually narrower apically, with 2 lateral carinae, neither from base nor reaching apex; apex transversely truncated, rounded at inner angle and with a very minute and scarcely perceptible tooth at outer angle. Legs slender, middle tibiae hardly grooved, hind femur reaching fourth abdominal segment, first hind tarsal segment subequal to following two segments combined. Tarsal claws simple. Male genitalia (Figs 5–7): Tegmen length about 3.4 mm; lateral lobes stout, each about 0.7 mm long and 0.3 mm wide, with a curved ridge at base; apex with fine setae shorter than half of lateral lobes; basal piece well-developed and not bifurcated; median lobe plus median struts slightly curved (Fig. 5 b), obviously longer than tegmen (22: 17); median struts more than half of whole median lobe in length; dorsal plate shorter than ventral plate; apex of ventral plate (Fig. 6) rounded; median foramen elongated, pointed at apex (angle about 30 degree); internal sac more than twice as long as median lobe plus median struts, with four pieces of basal armature (located at middle of median struts), two bands of supporting armature (very weak), and three rods of endophallus, rods subequal, each about 3.8 mm, longer than tegmen. Tergite VIII (Figs 8 a, 8 c) much broader than long, apex truncated to slightly emarginated, with moderate long setae at sides, setae in the middle shorter and sparser. Sternite IX subequal to ringed part of tegmen in length. Female unknown. Diagnosis. Though the external appearance is similar to G. diana, G. paradiana and G. subsimilis, this species differs not only by the pubescent markings, but also in the following characters: elytral apex rounded at the inner angle (usually bidentate in Glenea), claws simeple, and basal armature located at middle of median struts (usually located out of median lobe in other Glenea spp.). Etymology. The species is named after Mr. Changchin Chen (Tianjin, China), who offered the authors lots of material, support and kind help in various ways. Remarks. The species is similar to subgenera Rubroglenea (pronotal puncturation and elytral apex different) and Macroglenea (male claw, genitalia and elytral apex different). The genus Glenea, as considered here, includes a diverse, and probably multi-generic assemblage of species. For example, some Heteroglenea species were previously placed in Glenea (Lin et. al, 2009). To clarify the subgeneric and generic relationships, a world-wide study of Glenea is required. Distribution. China: Yunnan. Material examined. Holotype (23.0 mm long), male, China, Yunnan prov., Jinping county, Ma’andi, Biaoshuiyan (22 ° 44 'N 103 ° 29 'E), alt. 1350 m, 2010. V. 13, leg. Xiaodong Yang (IZAS, IOZ (E) 1859451). Paratypes: 1 male, Yunnan prov., Jinping county, Ma’andi, Biaoshuiyan (22 ° 44 'N 103 ° 29 'E), alt. 1350 m, 2010. V. 15, leg. Wenhsin Lin (CCCC); 1 male (21.8 mm long), same data (IZAS, IOZ (E) 1859452). Correction. In the paper “Eight species of the genus Glenea Newman, 1842 from the Oriental Region, with description of three new species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini). Zootaxa, 2155: 1–22 ”, there is an error which needs correction. In Figures 25–26 on page 12, ‘ subrubricollis ’ in 25 L and 26 L should read ‘ nigrorubricollis ’. We thank Dr. Carolus Holzschuh (Villach, Austria) for bringing this to our attention.Published as part of Lin, Meiying & Lin, Wenhsin, 2011, Glenea changchini sp. nov. from Yunnan of China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini), pp. 13-17 in Zootaxa 2987 on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20811
Spiral Structure in Galaxies : A Density Wave Theory
No full textHow does it happen that billions of stars can cooperate to produce the beautiful spirals that characterize so many galaxies, including ours? This book presents a theory of spiral structure that has been developed over the past three decades under the continuous stimulus of new observational studies. The theory unfolds in a way that can be grasped by any reader with an undergraduate science background who is interested in astronomy, as well as by graduate students and scientists actively involved in astronomy or related subjects who want to see the "backbone" and the physical content of the theory. The foundations of this theoretical framework were laid in the early 1960s, following the pioneering work of B. Lindblad. C. C. Lin had already contributed significantly to the field of fluid mechanics when he turned his attention to spiral structures, and he has focused on the problem ever since. Giuseppe Bertin joined this research effort when he first visited at MIT in 1975, bringing to the project knowledge from his work on elliptical galaxies and plasma astrophysics. Together, Bertin and Lin have contributed to the exciting developments on spiral structure of the last few decades, working closely with many observers and other theorists. In this book they describe the density-wave theory with the goal of making the key concepts and astrophysical implications explicit and accessible. The essence of the solution Bertin and Lin present is that the spirals are wave rather than material phenomena and generally trace intrinsic characteristics of the individual galaxies. The book is in three parts—Physical Concepts, Observational Studies, and Dynamical Mechanisms—with most of the technical details confined to the last part
SPATIAL CHOW-LIN METHODS: BAYESIAN AND ML FORECAST COMPARISONS
No full textCompleting data that are collected in disaggregated and heterogeneous spatial units is a quite frequent problem in spatial analyses of regional data. Chow and Lin (1971) (CL) were the rst to develop a uni ed framework for the three problems (interpolation, extrapolation and distribution) of predicting disaggregated times series by so-called indicator series. This paper develops a spatial CL procedure for disaggregating cross-sectional spatial data and compares the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian spatial CL forecasts with the naive pro rata error distribution. We outline the error covariance structure in a spatial context, derive the BLUE for the ML estimator and the Bayesian estimation procedure by MCMC. Finally we
apply the procedure to European regional GDP data and discuss the disaggregation assumptions. For the evaluation of the spatial Chow-Lin procedure we assume that only NUTS 1 GDP is known and predict it at NUTS 2 by using employment and spatial information available at NUTS 2. The spatial neighborhood is de ned by the inverse travel time by car in minutes. Finally, we present the forecast accuracy criteria comparing the predicted values with the actual observations.
LIN-2 and FRM-3 regulate the synaptic abundance but not surface expression level of AChRs.
No full text(A-D) ACR-16::RFP and UNC-29::RFP synaptic abundance were decreased in lin-2null and frm-3null mutants. Representative images (A, C, scale bar 10 μm) and mean puncta intensity (B, D) are shown. The wild type is normalized to 1. (E-H) ACh- and Levamisole-activated currents were unaltered in lin-2null and frm-3null mutants. Representative traces (E, G) and mean current amplitude (F, H) are shown. (I, J) GABA-activated currents were decreased by 50% in lin-2null mutants but were unchanged in frm-3null mutants. Data are mean ± SEM (***, p < 0.001 when compared to control; one-way ANOVA). The number of worms analyzed for each genotype is indicated in the bar.</p
Rathalos treecko Lin & Zhao & Koh & Li 2022, comb. nov.
No full textRathalos treecko (Lin & Li, 2021) comb. nov. Anyphaena treecko Lin & Li, In: Lin et al., 2021: 101, figs 9A–C, 10A–B, 14I–J. Material examined. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar42404), China: Hainan, Changjiang County, Bawangling, Dongsizhan (19.0495°N, 109.1157°E), 23 April 2009, G. Tang leg. (examined). Paratypes. 2♀ (IZCAS-Ar42405–Ar42406), same data as holotype (examined). Diagnosis. See Lin et al. (2021). Description. See Lin et al. (2021). Distribution. China (Hainan). Comments. The cymbial apophysis, the triangular epigyne and the straight copulatory duct indicate that this species belongs to Rathalos Lin & Li, gen. nov. Thus, we transfer it from Anyphaena to Rathalos Lin & Li, gen. nov.Published as part of Lin, Yejie, Zhao, Huifeng, Koh, Joseph K H & Li, Shuqiang, 2022, Taxonomy notes on twenty-eight spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Asia, pp. 198-270 in Zoological Systematics 47 (3) on page 201, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2022303, http://zenodo.org/record/717585
Gushangzao goemon Lin & Li 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gushangzao goemon</i> Lin & Li, sp. nov. <p> <i>Dipoena pelorosa</i> Zhu, 1998: Tanikawa, 2017: 8, figs 3A–F (♂ ♀), misidentified (see diagnosis).</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Ishikawa Goemon, a legendary Japanese outlaw hero who stole gold and other valuables to give to the poor; noun in apposition.</p> <p> Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished by the sperm duct with a U-shaped loop prolaterally (<i>vs.</i> 2 U-shaped loops in <i>G. pelorosus</i> <b>comb. nov.</b> and an n-shaped loop in <i>G. shiqian</i> Lin & Li, <b>sp. nov.</b>), and the conductor is about 1/3 the length of the bulb (<i>vs</i>. 1/ 6 in <i>G. pelorosus</i> and 1/ 4 in <i>G. shiqian</i> Lin & Li, <b>sp. nov.</b>); the female can be distinguished by the curved copulatory ducts (<i>vs.</i> straight copulatory ducts, parallel to each other in <i>G. pelorosus</i> and strongly curved, S-shaped in <i>G. shiqian</i> Lin & Li, <b>sp. nov.</b>).</p> <p> Description. See Tanikawa (2017: 8), as <i>Dipoena pelorosus</i>.</p> <p>Types. Holotype ♂ (NSMT-Ar14747), Japan, Okinawa, Iriomotejima Island, near mouth of Kura River, 31.XII.2000. Paratypes. 2♀ (1♀: NSMT-Ar14746), Japan, Okinawa, Iriomotejima Island, Sonai, 27.III.1989; 1♂ 1♀, Japan, Okinawa, Iriomotejima Island, Komi, 14.XI.2004, A. Tanikawa leg. (Not examined).</p> <p>Distribution. Japan (Iriomotejima Island).</p>Published as part of <i>Lin, Yejie, Li, Shuqiang, Mo, Haolin & Wang, Xihao, 2024, Thirty-eight spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from China, Indonesia, Japan and Vietnam, pp. 4-98 in Zoological Systematics 49 (1)</i> on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2024101, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10941018">http://zenodo.org/record/10941018</a>
Raabeina longhiensis Lin & Zhang 2019, sp. nov.
No full textRaabeina longhiensis Lin & Zhang sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3) Description. Head slightly narrower than pronotum, crown with anterior margin subparallel to posterior margin, coronal suture distinct (Figs. 1a, c, e, g). Face with frontoclypeus and anteclypeus narrow (Figs. 1d, h). Eyes grey, somewhat black (Fig. 1). Face pale yellow (Figs. 1d, h). Vertex and streak along coronal suture orange and formed two pairs of patches in different sizes with light color (Figs. 1a, c, e, g). Patches on hind angles of pronotum and apex of scutellum, black; orange umbrella framework pattern across pronotum, scutum and scutellum yellow, somewhat orange, triangles yellow (Figs. 1a, c, e, g). Fore wings pale, semitransparent (Figs. 1a, b, e, f). Ground color of abdominal tergites yellow to orange, with transverse stripes on each tergite, black (Figs. 1a, b, e, f). Abdominal apodemes reaching middle of fifth sternite or nearly reaching sixth sternite (Fig. 3b). Anal tube appendage arcuate or with obvious right-angle bend medially, extending far beyond pygofer hind margin (Figs. 2a, b; 3g, h). Pygofer side with three to five macrosetae at lower basal angle and row of nine to ten rigid setae at hind margin (Figs. 2a, b). Subgenital plate with exceedingly long and well pigmented at distal region of apex; with three macrosetae at transitional part; without minute peg-like microsetae at the angle of caudal part; narrowed area short (Figs. 2a, b; 3a). Paramere apical part elongated with two dentate processes medially distinct or not, well bent (Figs. 3e, f). Aedeagal shaft broad, straight, as long as or shorter than preatrium (Figs. 3i, j). Small bifurcated process at apex of aedeagus in caudal view (Fig. 3k). Measurement. Length of male 4.1-4.4mm (including wing). Material examined. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guangxi Prov., Youjiang, Longhe, at lamp, 27 June 2018, coll. Shuanghu Lin; Paratypes: 12♂♂, same data as holotype; ♂, CHINA, Guangxi Prov., Youjiang, Longhe, at lamp, 28 June 2018, coll. Shuanghu Lin. Deposition. Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. Remarks. This new species is extremely similar to R. curtihamata but can be distinguished by the shorter aedeagal shaft, the anal tube appendage extending far beyond pygofer hind margin, eyes grey, somewhat black, face with frontoclypeus and anteclypeus narrow, and centre of frontoclypeus without dark apically. Etymology. This new species is named after its type locality “Longhe”.Published as part of Lin, Shuanghu & Zhang, Yalin, 2019, Taxonomic study of the leafhopper genus Raabeina Dworakowska (Hemiptera Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), with description of a new species from China, pp. 171-176 in Zootaxa 4691 (2) on pages 172-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4691.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/352717
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