1,721,038 research outputs found
Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications on Image Segmentation
No full textMathematical morphology provides a systematic approach to analyze the geometric
characteristics of signals or images, and has been applied widely to many appli-
cations such as edge detection, object segmentation, noise suppression and so on.
Thus, the main purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of mathematical
morphology and review some morphological lters which are widely used in image
processing. Furthermore, a morphology-based supervised segmentation system is
proposed.
In chapter 2, we rst review the basic geometric characteristics of the primitive
morphology operators. Some examples of their applications on signal processing
are also illustrated. Chapter 3 is devoted to the watershed transformation and the
morphological gradient operators that are constructed on the basis of the underly-
ing morphological operations. The morphological supervised segmentation system
is described in chapter 4, including the implementation detail and parameter set-
tings. Experimental results can be found in chapter 5 and some discussion of the
simulation results are also included. Chapter 6 will represent the conclusion of this
thesis and our future works
FIGURE 9. Palaemon ortmanni Rathbun, 1902 in Notes on the shrimp genus Palaemon Weber, 1795 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and related genera from Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 9. Palaemon ortmanni Rathbun, 1902. Female (pocl. 17.6 mm, NTOU M01219). A) carapace, left lateral view; B) left second pereiopod, chela, mesial view; C) left second pereiopod, lateral view; D) right fifth pereiopod, lateral view. Scale bars indicate 1.0 mm.Published as part of Ashelby, Christopher W., Lin, Wei-Cheng, Grave, Sammy De & Chan, Tin-Yam, 2018, Notes on the shrimp genus Palaemon Weber, 1795 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and related genera from Taiwan, pp. 575-595 in Zootaxa 4446 (4) on page 586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.4.10, http://zenodo.org/record/144435
The Effects of β-glucan on OVA-sensitizes Mice
No full textThe aim of the experience is to understand mushroom polysaccharides can be prevented of allergy. The design of experiment continuous feeding different concentration of glucan for two weeks (0mg/200μl, 1mg/200μl, 2mg/200μl), and B6 mice were sensitized by OVA from twice to five times. Using different levels of sensitization to know the effect of polysaccharide feeding mice so we detected IFN-γ, IgG2a, IgE and IL-4 concentration in serum of the sensitization mice. Taking advantage of cytokines and immune globulin to study polysaccharides of the efficacy.
The results show that B6 mice sensitized several times, the group feeding mushroom polysaccharides of this experimental are eligible for a higher concentration of IFN-γ, and the group sensitized twice and four times by OVA, the experimental group and control group a comparison of significant differences (P <0.05). The IgG2a serum concentrations have similar results to IFN-γ, regardless of the sensitizion frequency,the group feeding glucan may be got higher IgG2a levels. The coparison of the polysaccharide treatment group and control group had a significant difference (P <0.05). The IgE concentrations in serum of feeding polysaccharides of B6 mice are lower than the control group, and the comparison of glucan treatmet and control had a significant difference (P <0.05) of the group sensitized twice to five times. The group fed 1mg/200μl of glucan had higher IL-4 concentrations in serum than any other treatment group or nontreayment froup, and there is significant difference (P <0.05). The result of IL-4 concentration in treatment group were lower than control group whether sensitization twice to five times, but no significant differences.
The results show that mushroom polysaccharides can effectively enhance the IFN-γ and IgG2a concentration in the blood and reduce IgE levels, amount regardless of the number of allegens.
Mushroom polysaccharides improved response to Th1cells, helps fight allergies, but the effects of IL-4 from mushroom polysaccharide is not obvious in this experiment
Regulation of host cells activation and apoptosis by H. pylori
No full text胃幽門螺旋桿菌的感染與慢性胃炎和消化性潰瘍甚至是胃癌和胃粘膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤的疾病發生有關。胃幽門螺旋桿菌引發胃部疾病的致病性機轉主要可分成兩個部份來探討：一部分是胃幽門螺旋桿菌本身所具有的毒性因子所造成的毒殺作用，另一部份則是引發宿主產生的發炎反應所造成的影響。胃幽門螺旋桿菌造成疾病發生的角色已被證實，但引發致病性的相關機轉仍不清楚。
首先，為了探討胃幽門螺旋桿菌對於腫瘤發生的相關機轉，我們探討胃幽門螺旋桿菌CagA蛋白對於粘膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤發生機轉所扮演的角色。先前的研究報告指出胃幽門螺旋桿菌可以藉由依附胃上皮細胞將CagA蛋白送入細胞中，被送入細胞內的CagA蛋白可以調節細胞內的訊息傳導路徑並且引發致病性，因此我們認為在胃幽門螺旋桿菌感染的過程中，可能藉由與B細胞的直接作用來造成粘膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤。我們證實胃幽門螺旋桿菌可以將CagA蛋白送入人類B細胞中，並且在細胞內進行酪氨酸的磷酸化作用後，與細胞內的SHP-2進行結合，另外，CagA蛋白還會活化細胞內的ERK與p38 MAP kinase，並且造成細胞內存活相關因子Bcl-2和Bcl-XL的表現量增加，進一步防止細胞死亡。本研究顯示胃幽門螺旋桿菌可以直接將CagA致癌蛋白送入人類的B細胞中，造成粘膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤及病的發生。
第二，為了探討宿主因子在胃幽門螺旋桿菌引發疾病的過程中所扮演的角色，於是我們研究胃幽門螺旋桿菌所引起細胞凋亡的現象之中TRAIL分子扮演的角色。在我們先前的研究指出，胃幽門螺旋桿菌可以改變胃上皮細胞對於TRAIL的感受性改變，使細胞進行細胞凋亡，我們進一步研究指出胃幽門螺旋桿菌可引發TRAIL所造成細胞內caspase-8、casapse-3以及mitochondria的活化，因而誘發胃上皮細胞的細胞凋亡作用，同時也發現，胃幽門螺旋桿菌可加強TRAIL所引發death inducing signaling complex (DISC) 的聚集，因此引發足夠多的caspase-8活化，因而打破原本的抗性，造成細胞的敏感性增加，此過程是經由胃幽門螺旋桿菌誘發c-FLIPS的表現量降低所造成，此外，在細胞內過度表現c-FLIPS可以阻斷TRAIL所引起的細胞凋亡，進一步單獨利用c-FLIPS siRNA就可以改變細胞對於TRAIL的感受性，證實其重要性。因此，胃幽門螺旋桿菌可以經由降低細胞內c-FLIPS的表現，因而加強細胞內DISC的聚集，藉此活化較多caspase-8，因而調控胃上皮細胞對於TRAIL的感受性。
總結，致病菌因子與宿主因子在胃幽門螺旋桿菌所導致的疾病發展過程中扮演重要的角色，對於胃幽門螺旋桿菌引發疾病的過程中是很重要的致病機轉。Infection with the gastric pathogen H. pylori infection has been associated with the development of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases, moreover, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. pylori infection leads to pathogenesis of gastric diseases mainly by two different mechanisms : direct toxicity of H. pylori virulent factors and induction of inflammatory responses. The role of H. pylori in association with disease development has been demonstrated, however, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are still unclear.
First, in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying H. pylori induces the tumourgenesis, we examine the role of H. pylori CagA in the development of MALT lymphoma. Previous studies reveal that H. pylori attaches to the epithelial cells, and translocates CagA proteins into cells. Intracellular CagA deregulates intracellular sighaling pathway and causes the pathogenic effects. This in turn raised the possibility that H. pylori is associated with the development of MALT lymphomas during persistent infection by direct interaction with B lymphocytes. We demonstrated that H. pylori directly translocates CagA into human B cell line and primary B cells. Furthermore, injected CagA undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and interacts with SHP-2. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were activated upon CagA translocation. The cell survival factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were upregulated through the translocated CagA, moreover, prevents apoptosis. These results provide evidence that CagA is directly delivered into B cells by H. pylori and acts as a bacterium-derived oncoprotein in human B cells to cause the development of MALT lymphoma.
Second, to study the role of host factors in regulating H. pylori-induced gastric diseases, we investigated the role of TNF related-apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the induction of apoptosis during H. pylori infection. In our previous study, we provided the evidences that H. pylori can sensitize human gastric epithelial cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Further, we demonstrated that H. pylori could sensitize gastric epithelial cells to TRAIL, resulting in caspase-8, caspase-3 and mitochondrial pathway activation and induce apoptosis. H. pylori could enhance the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) assembly and induce sufficient amount of caspase-8 activation to break apoptosis resistance, inducing the TRAIL sensitivity via downregulation of the c-FLIPS in gastric epithelial cells. Overexpression of c-FLIPS could block apoptosis induced by TRAIL in the presence of H. pylori. Moreover, silencing c-FLIPS expression by siRNA increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human gastric epithelial cells. In summary, our data suggest that H. pylori could downregulate the expression level of c-FLIPS, resulting in enhanced DISC assembly and caspase-8 activation to modulate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells.
Taken together, pathogen and host factors are critical in the development of H. pylori-associated diseases, the interplay between H. pylori and immune cells as well as gastric epithelial cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-mediated gastric disease
On the Popular Spanning Tree Problem
No full text生成樹問題向來是離散數學與演算法領域中經典的最佳化問題。常應用於現代網路模型及協定之建構，探討如何在最小成本情況下使得各節點之間具連通的功能。而本論文所提出的生成樹，希望從相關傳統問題尋常切入的兩個方向（最小化最大以及最小化總和）外，發展出另一套與投票理論相遇之模型。我們將問題的定義回歸到每個節點自身的需求上。這些需求可能是從自己走到樹中最遠點的距離，也可能是經過樹中每個點的距離總和，或是在樹中與自己相鄰的點數等。我們根據一些初步觀察到的性質，提出在某些情況下有效率的算法，探討如何尋找一棵儘可能滿足大眾偏好的生成樹。Given an undirected connected graph G = (V, E) we consider the prob-lem of finding a spanning tree of G which preferred by the majority. We called it popular spanning trees problem (PST) and Condorcet spanning trees prob-lem (CST). In this thesis we mainly focus on when voter’s preference criteria is eccentricity on trees. On cycles, we show that finding a PST or verifying if a PST exists can be done in O(|V |2) time. On unit distance graph, we show that finding a PST or verifying if a PST exists can be done in O(|E|3) time, and for the special case where the center is unique, the shortest-path tree from it is a popular spanning tree. On general graphs, when absolute 1-center and Plural point coincide, the shortest-path tree from it is a popular spanning tree. Similarly, when absolute 1-center and Condorcet point coincide, the shortest-path tree from it is a Condorcet spanning tree
Characteristics of aerosol penetration through zippers
No full text微粒防護衣可以保護使用者避免危害物質與皮膚接觸，有研究指出微粒防護衣在衣材結合處有洩漏的情形，在所有連結衣物的配件中，拉鍊佔了80%以上，但在氣膠微粒穿透率上卻尚未有詳細的規範，因此，本研究目的為探討拉鍊的微粒穿透特性。
現今常用的拉鍊鍊齒材質主要分為金屬、尼龍和塑鋼三種，從氣膠微粒穿透的觀點而言，依鍊齒嵌合結構可大致分為單純鍊齒嵌合(金屬和塑鋼)及鍊齒加上縫線與布帶組成(尼龍)兩種進行實驗探討，另外本研究又依尼龍拉鍊布帶是否完全覆蓋鍊齒分為Tape A與Tape B兩種。拉鍊鍊齒的嵌合無法完全互補，因而造成鍊齒之間有孔洞，且孔洞的大小與形狀隨著鍊齒結構不同而改變，本研究統一以等效直徑(De)呈現孔洞的大小。測試拉鍊穿透率表現的方法為主動式採樣法、內循環採樣法及螢光微粒測試方法。
研究結果發現，孔洞De越大，氣膠微粒穿透率也越高，反之亦然，但與鍊齒型號大小無關。孔洞De很接近的情況之下，金屬拉鍊與塑鋼拉鍊穿透率表現會與上述趨勢相反，因為氣流流經拉鍊的路徑也會造成影響。尼龍拉鍊Tape A的微粒穿透率較Tape B低，而Tape A背面(布帶面朝前)的穿透率又低於正面(鍊齒面朝前)。微粒防護衣若使用尼龍拉鍊，建議使用背面將有更佳的防護效果。本研究中穿透率最低的拉鍊為型號#5的塑鋼拉鍊，但是依照搭配的防護衣阻抗不同選擇不同拉鍊搭配才能有最佳的使用效果。Particulate protective clothing (PPC) is designed to protect workers’ skin from making contact with hazardous substances. It has been shown that PPC provided less protection when the junctions became part of the ensemble. Among the junctions, zippers account for about 80% of all the junction accessories. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of aerosol penetration through zippers.
Zippers are commonly categorized into metal, nylon and plastic, based on the materials they are made of. In the present study, metal and plastic zippers were designated as one group for the same appearance and design principle. Nylon zippers were classified as another group according to the structure of zipper chains. The nylon zippers were further divided into two types by whether the chain can be fully covered by the tape (type A) or not (type B). Effective diameter was used to characterize the leak size between teeth of metal and plastic zippers, when the zippers were chained. Active sampling, closed-returned sampling, and fluorescent aerosol methods, developed in previous studies, were employed to measure the aerosol penetration through zippers.
The results showed that aerosol penetration through zippers increased with increasing effective diameter for both metal and plastic zippers, but not the size of the zipper teeth. Aerosol penetration through type-A nylon zipper was lower than that in type B because of better tape design. Moreover, aerosol penetration through the back of type-A nylon zipper was lower than that through the front, indicating that the current design of nylon zipper was solely aesthetic thinking. The zippers should be turned around to provide better protection against airborne particles. Extra attention should be paid to the quality control of the zipper manufacturing, since zippers might become the major route of entry of hazardous substances
Fabrication of nonlinear photonic crystals by using the high permittivity dielectrics and the high temperature processes
No full text本論文主要可以分為準相位匹配原理的介紹、二維週期性極化反轉非線性光子晶體的製作以及鉭酸鋰的高溫製程等三大部分。
首先，在原理部分，吾人簡略的介紹了非線性頻率轉換，與準相位匹配的原理。
接著，在製程部分，吾人介紹了幾種週期性結構的製作方式，包含利用高介電係數材料作為絕緣層製作週期性結構，與利用表面淺層反轉製作週期性結構，並比較其優缺點。目前，已經成功在厚度500um的鈮酸鋰中製作出週期29.5um二維週期性結構，且有效長度可以達到12mm左右。
最後，在高溫製程部分，吾人在高溫下對鉭酸鋰晶體作高電壓極化反轉，觀察到其矯頑電場隨溫度上升而下降的情況，證實了高溫製程的優點與可行性This dissertation is organized into three parts: (i)an introduction to the theory of quasi-phase matching,(ii)the fabrication of two-dimensional periodically poled nonlinear crystal(2D NPC) ,and (iii) the high temperature process of lithium tantalate.
At first, the theory of nonlinear frequency conversion and quasi-phase matching is briefly introduced.
And then, several fabrication processes are introduced, including using the high permittivity material as insulator to make periodically poled structure, and using the surface domain inversion to make periodically poled structure. By doing so, a 500um thickness two dimensional periodically poled lithium niobate with 29.5um period and 12mm effective length is made.
Finally, the coercive field of lithium tantalite is observed dramatic decrease in the high temperature fabrication process. It provides the possibility to fabricate thicker 2D NPC at an elevated temperature.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1簡介 1
1.2非線性材料的比較 2
1.3週期性極化反轉的製作方式 3
1.4論文內容概述 5
第二章 非線性頻率轉換與準相位匹配的原理 6
2.1非線性頻率轉換的發生 6
2.2相位匹配的影響 6
2.3準相位匹配 8
2.4二維空間之準相位匹配 11
第三章 週期性極化反轉結構的設計與製作 14
3.1光罩週期的設計 14
3.2高電壓極化反轉實驗架設 15
3.3高電壓反轉區域的定義方式 17
3.3.1使用絕緣層遮蔽電場選擇反轉區域 17
3.3.2利用表面淺層反轉遮蔽電場選擇反轉區域 18
3.4反轉區域的形成機制 19
3.5反轉區域之觀察 23
3.5.1氫氟酸蝕刻法 24
3.5.2 加熱後利用穿透式光源觀察反轉區域情形 25
3.6利用高介電係數材料作為絕緣層製作二維結構 26
3.6.1絕緣層不同介電係數與厚度對於邊緣電場效應之影響 26
3.6.2 利用氧化鋁與二氧化矽作為絕緣層製作二維結構 28
3.6.2.1氧化鋁與二氧化矽薄膜的製作 28
3.6.2.2高電壓極化反轉實驗結果 31
3.6.3使用燒烤光阻作為絕緣層製作二維結構 33
3.6.4使用氧化鎵作為絕緣層製作二維結構 35
3.7 使用鋰離子外擴散致表面淺層反轉製作週期性結構 36
3.8 各種製程優缺點之比較 38
第四章 高溫下鉭酸鋰高電壓極化反轉之研究 39
4.1 實驗架構 39
4.2 實驗結果 43
第五章 結論與未來展望 48
5.1 結論 48
5.2 未來展望 4
Railroad Defect Inspection System
No full text本論文是關於將影像處理的技術應用在大眾運輸系統之軌道檢測的實作，使用的演算法包括了二值化、型態學、直方圖等化與模板比對等。另外，針對較特殊的檢測需求，設計對應的檢測演算法。最後將方法整合實作成完整的檢測邏輯。This thesis presents an implementation of inspecting railroads of Mass Rapid Transit by image processing which includes binary thresholding, morphology, histogram equalization, and template matching. Furthermore, we design specific algorithms to handle specific inspection objectives. Finally, we integrate all methods into complete inspection logic
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