8 research outputs found
南部橫貫公路禮觀地區鏡煤素反光率及其地質意義
No full text[[abstract]]南部橫貫公路禮觀地區鏡煤素反光率及其地質意義
摘要
南橫公路禮觀地區梅山層（中新世）、禮觀層（中新世）及檜谷層（始新世）之34個泥質岩標本經量測鏡煤素，以禮觀橋斷層為界，其西平均最大鏡煤素反光率（Rmax），梅山層為1.57﹪~3.04﹪（Rmax平均值:2.23﹪），禮觀層為2.05﹪~2.84﹪（Rmax 平均值:2.41﹪），最下部的檜谷層為2.53﹪~2.66﹪（ Rmax平均值:2.62﹪）；而以東之梅山層為2.83﹪~5.08﹪（ Rmax平均值:4.05﹪），檜谷層為5.33﹪~6.58﹪（Rmax 平均值:6.13﹪）。
之分布在禮觀橋斷層以西之梅山層、禮觀層及檜谷層之各地層內，並不隨地理位置呈現規則性的變化，但仍可以顯現各地層的 平均值與地層層位之高低有正相關性。而在禮觀橋斷層以東之梅山層 愈向東則愈大，此反映斷層東側之梅山層掩埋的深度可能較禮觀橋斷層以西之梅山層較深。檜谷層 之分布亦有此現象。這些現象暗示在上新－更新世蓬萊運動時變質溫度自禮觀橋斷層始有明顯的向東漸增之趨勢。
禮觀層 比東側之梅山層之值小很多，似乎更可以確認在蓬萊運動發生之前，禮觀地區在中新世早期末已是一個地壘構造。
[[alternative]]The determinants of regular exercise behavior of junior high school student
No full text[[abstract]]The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the regular exercise of high sxhool students and its consequence factors. By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 368 of valid samples were collected with a self-administrated questionaire. Described statistics , One-way ANOVA,Scheffe post hoc tests, chi-square test , Point-biserial correlation, Hotelling T2 Test and Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data.
The results indicated that (1) 21.5% of subjects did regular exercise, the main types of exercise done by the students were bicycle riding, basketball playing, badminton playing, running and ladder-climing.(2) the subjects had six home exercise equipment and three emvironmental facilities of exercise. (3)the subjects in personsl background factor , male, particpated in exercise team and perceived health status students who did regular exercise behavior had higher percentage than female, who did not particpate in sport team or perceived general health status ; in the subjects had more home sport equipment the higher percentage students who dej the regular exercise. (4) the subjects sprot benefits and sport enjoyment in higher level , tend to middle self-efficacy for exercise , the exercise social support was in middle level ,the support from friends who exercise together and the support from family and teachers was in verbal; perceived barrier for exercise was in lower score, persented that the majority subjects did not agree the barrier for exercise in the questionaire. (5) the subjects perceived regular exercise behavior, the higher exercise benefits and exercise enjoyment, self-efficacy for exercise and the exercise social support from family, friends and less barrier for exercise who had more regular exercise behavior, perceived exercise enjoyment and self-efficacy for exercise impact the most. (6) Sex, sport team, exercise social surport from family , sport enjoyment were signigicant predictors of regular exercise behavior of regular exercise behavior, of them , sex was the most important predictor of regular exercise behavior.
[[alternative]]The study of student teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in physical education.
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to examine the student teachers pedagogical content knowledge in physical education. The participants were 67 student teachers from a university physical education department, and 26 cooperation teachers in physical education teaching practicum. The data were collected using concept mapping, open-ended questionnaires, systematic observation, interview and documentation. After statistic and content analysis, the results were as follows: 1.The content of student teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge: (1) Content knowledge - the most important teaching objectives of student teachers were affective objectives. The understandings of teaching material were insufficient. Those who perceived more content knowledge could perform better. (2) Curriculum knowledge - student teachers had limited authority in teaching content selection. Teaching material source and aids was simple and standard gymnasium (courts) and equipments were scarce. The ability of creating teaching aids needed improvement. (3) Pedagogical knowledge - student teachers’ main teaching behaviors were talk and demonstrate. Group practice was the main strategy for students learning. Student teachers seldom provided specific feedback about motor skill. Student teachers thought management was important in teaching. Cooperative teachers were the main source of management knowledge. (4) Understanding of student - student teachers could describe the character of students but lack of related knowledge about students with special needs. (5) Influential factor of pedagogical content knowledge - students, cooperative teachers, teacher educators, teacher education program, and teaching context. 2. There were no significant difference among student teachers and cooperation teachers. The rank orders of importance of concept content were similar for three groups. 3. Student teachers’ teaching concepts developed by practicum program, and they perceived their concepts changed from theory to practice. 4. Teaching behavior of student teachers with high and low teaching concepts were different in teaching function but no difference in teaching mode. Based on the results, suggestions were provided for practicum system, teacher education program and future research direction.
Key words: student teachers, pedagogical content knowledge, concept mapping
[[alternative]]The Study of Optimal Stride Length Estimation for Distance
No full text[[abstract]]本研究主要目的在於建立一多項式迴歸模式(Polynomial regression
model),模擬人體在不同步幅與不同跑步速度下之跑步動作,並利用身體重
心垂直振幅為指標,以探討跑者之最佳步幅.研究對象為受過長期耐力跑訓
練之男選手一人,使用Peak 動作分析系統 , 蒐集其在正常步幅,加大步幅
以及縮小步幅等跑步資料,並根據其步幅以及速度兩個變數,與跑步時身體
各關節點間已經標準化之座標值,建立一組多項式迴歸函數,用來推估跑步
週期中身體各關節點座標值隨步幅以及速度改變之變化情形,並以估計標
準誤差值(Standard error of estimate )檢驗模擬座標值與實驗座標值
之精確度.為提高本研究最佳步幅之可證性,再根據先前模擬得出之最佳步
幅,讓受試者在跑步機上跑步,求出跑者之身體重心垂直振幅實驗值,再與
先前之模擬值進行估計標準誤差考驗 .本研究結果經分析與討論後,獲至
結論如下:一.身體各肢段位置與跑步步幅.跑步速度間存有漸進互動之關
係,且每種跑步速度下均有其步幅範圍之限制 .二.本模式模擬全身總肢段
在水平方向之估計標準誤差值為4.6207公分(3.4968%);垂直方向之估計標
準誤差值為 1.3698公分(1.5814%) .三.本模式推估跑步時最佳步幅垂直
方向之估計標準誤差值在1.121公分(1.157%)至2.744公分(2.838%) 之間;
最佳步幅跑步身體重心垂直振幅之模擬值與實驗值之估計標準誤差值
為0.184公分. 基於上列之結果,本研究之結論為此多項式迴歸模式確實可
適用於跑者個別化之跑步動作模擬,提供跑者對於最佳步幅之判定,有助於
跑步動作之診斷與改善.
The purpose of this study was to establish a polynomial
regression model to simulate the motion of distance running
during the controlled conditions ofspeed and stride length.
Subsequently,the simulated values of vertical oscilla-tion of
center of gravity was utilized as a criterion to estimate the
runnersoptimal stride length.One elite distance runner was
selected as the subject ofthis study. Peak motion system was the
major equipment to collect the data. Polynomial regression
technique was used for the running modeling based on
thevariables of running speed and stride length. The standard
error of estimateexamined the difference between the
experimental data and simulated data. Afterdata calculating and
data analyzing, the following results have been reached:1.There
was a close relationship among the variables of segment
position, stri-de length, and running speed, and different
running speeds existed in the diff-erent range of the stride
length. 2.The standard error of estimate of the body position
between experimental value and simulated value was 4.62 cm
(3.50%) inhorizontal direction, and was 1.37 cm (1.58%) in
vertical direction. 3.For thecondition of the optimal stride
length, the standard error of estimate betweenexperimental value
and simulated value was found from 1.12 cm (1.16%) to 2.74cm
(2.84%), and there was 0.18 cm of standard error of estimate
between experi-mental vertical oscillation and simulated
vertical oscillation. Finally, thisstudy concluded that the
polynomial regression model could be used for the distance
running simulation individually to estimate the runners optimal
stridelength. Keywords:running model,simulation,distance
running,optimal stride length
The purpose of this study was to establish a polynomial
[[alternative]]The Study of Effects of Marital Power on Women's Clothing
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this research is to discuss the mutual relationship between marital power and women’s clothing consumer behavior, to understand how marital power effects women buying their clothes. The research uses the questionnaire technique; the sample is collected from elementary schools and high schools in Taipei, delivered by students to their mothers. The 431 women required are married and over 20 years old of age, and not divorced or in separation. The research tool is “Taipei Women’s Clothing Consumer Behavior Questionnaire” which contains demographic statistics questions, marital power scale and clothing consumer behavior scale. The data is analyzed with statistic techniques such as frequency, one-way ANOVA, and regression, etc.
The major findings are as follows:
1.The couple’s discrepancy in social position and family life cycle can predict marital power.
2.Marital power and wife’s education can predict the autonomic behavior on women’s clothing purchasing; the high income of wife can predict the total amount of clothing purchased by women.
[[alternative]]A Study on Curriculum and Power Exercise:Taking the Revision of the Senior High School History Curriculum Guidelines as an Example
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on Curriculum and Power Exercise:
Taking the Revision of the Senior High School History Curriculum Guidelines as an Example
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to examine the relationship between power exercises and curriculum knowledge selection, and to examine the hidden driving forces, the approaches, and the outcome of the curriculum knowledge selection. Apply the critical pedagogy prospective, the relevant power exercises underlying the revision of the senior high school history curriculum guidelines are evaluated in this study.
To achieve the research goals, the following research methods are applied in this study: (1) Theoretical exploration-Exploring the relationship between curriculum knowledge selection and power exercises in order to understand the relationship between curriculum, knowledge, and power. (2) Document analysis-Focusing primarily on the documents relating to the revision of the senior high school history curriculum—such as policy statements, meeting minutes, official documents, scholarly reports, newspaper articles, editorials, etc. (3) Interviews-Being conducted to understand the thoughts of the members of the history curriculum revision committee, as well as experts and high school history teachers. (4) Observation-Being conducted to collect data on-site at public hearings in order to supplement the document analysis.
The research findings of this study include that the knowledge selection process in the curriculum is indeed influenced by the exercises of power, and the power exercises involve the struggle of ideology and values. The knowledge transmitted in school involves value conflict and power struggle, and it is the results of the inter-competition and inter-compromise among different interest groups. The debates in the society about the revision are focused on the political ideology embedded in the history curriculum guidelines. The two main power exercises are from the political tenet and professional tenet. The political aspect of power exercise reflects the struggle for the leadership of political ideology and interpretation of culture in order to gain the recognition and support from the public. The way the “political power” exercised is through external forces such as politician, media, the public, and the interest groups as well as the administrative power from the Ministry that influenced the committee internally. Professional aspect of power exercise comes from the experts who own professional historical knowledge, from academic community, and from senior high school history teachers. They tried to advocate different ideas and views of guidelines to influence the revision committee. It is found that, the influence of “political power” override that of “professional power”.
Finally, the suggestions are provided as follow: 1. The process of curriculum policy-making should be reviewed and reconstructed. 2. The high school history education should be developed toward cultivating students’ independent historical thinking. 3. The reform of the historical education should be heading toward more professionalized.
[[alternative]]Some Multiple Decision Procedures For Testing Homogeneity of
No full text[[abstract]]本文主要討論下列三種檢定的問題:k組常態母體平均數均齊性檢定,變異
數均齊性檢定及常態母體分配一致性檢定.對此三種檢定問題,均分別定義
統計量,討論統計量的分配,利用近似分配找出臨界值的解析解,並對近似
分配的誤差利用SAS機率函數或用模擬的方法來做比較,討論其誤差的範
圍.每種檢定均提出決策準則並計算正確決策之機率.
In this paper, three testing problems have been studied: Testing
homogeneity of normal means, testing homogeneity of normal
variances and testing the consistence of two normal populations.
In each testing problem, we propose a multiple decision
procedure, solve the critical value analytically and find the
probability of correct decision.
In this paper, three testing problems have been studied: Testing
[[alternative]]Diagnosis and Teaching on Students'Conceptions of Energy in the
No full text[[abstract]]兒童時期是一個人知識獲取與價值判斷形成的關鍵時期，在能源日益缺乏
的今天，去了解學童對能量、能源的認知，並進一步發現學生的錯誤概念
及其形成的原因，是今日我們所必須加以研究、探討的一項重要工作。本
研究主要的目的為（1）探討學童之認知發展階層以及對能量之『前期概
念』間的關係。（2）探討國小四、五、六年級學生在能量概念上的思考
模式。（3）比較不同年級及性別的學生在能量概念上的差異性。（4）探
討學童之認知發展階層與能量概念之間的關係。（5）比較故事類型的類
比教學法對改變國小學童能量錯誤概念的成效。本研究在前期概念方面採
用『開放式工具』，在能量概念測驗上採用『紙筆式』及『圖形診斷』兩
項工具，而在探討認知發展階層方面則以『比例推理工具』為測驗工具對
台北縣三所國小四、五、六年級學生共757名（男382名，女375名）進行
測試。 研究結果發現（1）在所取樣的國小四、五、六年級中，比例推理
能力的有無與能量前期概念之間並無明顯的關係存在。而由學生的回答中
發現，大部分受試學生的能量前期概念皆為『人類為中心』；『力量的來
源』；『卡通人物或電動玩具』的能源觀。（2）國小四、五、六年級學
生接受紙筆式測驗能量概念時，各年級間在統計上有顯著差異存在（
p<.001）。以圖形診斷工具測試能量概念時，受試者在年級間也具有統計
上顯著的差異（p <.01）：六年級成績最高，五年級次之，四年級為最低
。（3）紙筆式測驗能量概念時，性別間達統計上之顯著差異（p<.01）且
男生的成績表現優於女生。而以圖形診斷能量概念時，受試者性別間未達
統計上顯著差異。（4）男生的比例推理能力與其能量概念之紙筆試測驗
，兩者間有顯著的關係（r =.18 p<.001），即具有比例推理能力（pp1
）的男生，其紙筆試測驗的成績也相對較高；但對女生而言，它們之間在
統計學上則未達顯著差異。另一方面，在學生比例推理能力與以圖形診斷
能量概念之測試結果，僅六年級的學生在統計上有顯著差異（p<.01），
即六年級的學生中具有比例推理能力者，其圖形診斷工具測試結果的分數
相對也會越高。（5）在以故事型態之類比教學法的成效方面：控制組學
生在紙筆式測驗上，前測與後測平均分數的t值考驗未達統計上的顯著水
準，而實驗組則達統計上的顯著水準（p<.001），此結果顯示接受類比教
學法的實驗組學生，在學習能量概念時具有正面的效果。
childhood is the crucial period for a person to acquire the
knowledge and form the concept of value judgment. energy concept
is required day by day. As a result, it is an essential work for
us to investigate the children's conception of energy .
Moreover, we have to study their misconceptions, and explore the
factors of the misconceptions . the purposes of this study were
as follows： （1）to explore the relationship between students'
proportional reasoning ability and their preconception of
energy. （2）to investigate the thinking modes of the energy
conception among different grade levels in elementary schools.
（3）to examine the interaction of students' conceptions of
energy between grade levels and genders.（4）to explore the
relationship between students' proportional reasoning ability
and their conceptions of energy. （5）Using story format to
compare the students' conceptual change in energy by an analogy
teaching strategy. the instruments for this study were as
follows ： paper-and- pencil task and diagnostic graphic task
of energy conception. In addition , we use the open-ended task
for examine the preconception of energy and the proportional
reasoning task for evaluate the levels of cognitive development.
the subjects in this study were 757 elementary school pupils
（382 male, 375 female）included fourth, fifth and sixth grade
students.the major findings of this study were as follows： （1
）As to the fourth , the fifth and the sixth grade students,
there did not exist obvious relation between the proportional
reasoning ability and the preconception of energy. From their
answers we could find out that the preconception of energy were
remained as in the domain of human- centered, the source of
power, and the conceptions from cartoons or tv-games.（2）there
existed significant difference between the conception of energy
in paper-and-pencil test and the grade levels （p<.001）. in
addition, there was a significant difference among grade levels
in the results of graphic diagnostic test（p<.01）. the higher
was the grade , the better was the performance .（3）there
existed a gender difference for the paper-and-pencil test of
energy conception. the males performed better than the females
in spite of the grade levels. however, there was no significant
difference between the results of the graphic diagnostic test
with regard to gender difference.（4）as to the males, there was
a significant relation between the proportional reasoning
ability and the paper-and-pencil test（p<.001）: the higher was
the proportional reasoning ability , the better was the
performance . however, as to the females, there was no
significant difference statistically. Besides, there existed the
significant relationship between the proportional reasoning
ability and the graphic diagnostic test only in the sixth grade
students: those who had proportional reasoning ability , will
performance better in graphic diagnostic test. （5）in
concerning the effect of the story-format analogy teaching
method, it showed no significant difference statistically
between pre-test and post-test in the control group. on the
contrary, there was a significant difference in the experiment
group （p<.001）. all the results revealed that analogy teaching
is a strategy which can strengthen the effect on the experiment
group when they learn the energy concept.
childhood is the crucial period for a person to acquire the
