1,721,138 research outputs found
Current state and perspectives of truffle genetics and sustainable biotechnology
No full textMycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tuber produce, after the establishment of a productive interaction with a plant host, hypogeous fruitbodies of great economic value known as ''truffles''. This review summarizes the state of art on life cycle, genetic, and biotechnological investigations of Tuber spp. The ascocarp formation in truffles is a consequence of the activation of the sexual phase of the biological cycle. The formation of a dikaryotic secondary mycelium and the karyogamy in the ascal cell (followed by meiosis with ascospores formation) have been hypothesized by several authors but some doubts yet arise from the Tuber cycle by considering that a series of abnormalities have been pointed out in respect to other Ascomycetes. It is unclear if binucleated hyphal cells are derived from the fusion of mononucleated cells belonging to mycelia from different mating types or from one only. According to the karyotypes of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber magnatum, and Tuber borchii, the numbers of hyphal chromosomes suggest a chromosome number of eight (2n); these values are in the range of those of several Ascomycetes and observed for Tuber aestivum (2n=10). The importance and growth in interest during the last years in the fungi protoplasts isolation and transformation techniques can be related to current developments in Tuber genetics and biotechnology. T. borchii could be transformed through liposome-mediated delivery of genetic material as mycelial protoplasts isolation and fusion with liposomes has already been established. On the other hand, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been successfully established for T. borchii. © Springer-Verlag 2006
Tuber borchii mycelial protoplasts isolation, characterization and functional delivery of liposome content, a new step towards truffles biotechnology
No full textThe filametous ascomycete Tuber borchii is a plant-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal microrganism with an high value due to the production of hypogeous fruitbodies (truffles). The present work was undertaken to develop a procedure for the release of T. borchii viable protoplasts from Tuber mycelium, isolate ATTC 96540; several factors which affect the isolation, morphology and viability were examined and developed in order to improve applications of T. borchii protoplasts in morphological, biochemical and genetic investigations (protoplast fusion or transformation). Functional delivery of liposome content into T. borchii protoplasts has also been examined with a cytotoxic ribosome inactivator as saporin. T. borchii protoplasts incubation/fusion with saporin containing liposomes were made to demonstrate the absence of cell wall of 16 days cultured protoplasts. © 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Progressive Muscle Fatigue Induces Loss in Muscle Force and Persistent Activation of Frontal Cortex as Measured by Multi-Channel fNIRT
No full textProlonged intermittent maximal handgrip exercise induces loss in muscle force and persistent activation of frontal cortex as measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
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Current state and perspectives of truffle genetics and sustainable biotechnology
No full textMycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tuber produce, after the establishment of a productive interaction with a plant host, hypogeous fruitbodies of great economic value known as ''truffles''. This review summarizes the state of art on life cycle, genetic, and biotechnological investigations of Tuber spp. The ascocarp formation in truffles is a consequence of the activation of the sexual phase of the biological cycle. The formation of a dikaryotic secondary mycelium and the karyogamy in the ascal cell (followed by meiosis with ascospores formation) have been hypothesized by several authors but some doubts yet arise from the Tuber cycle by considering that a series of abnormalities have been pointed out in respect to other Ascomycetes. It is unclear if binucleated hyphal cells are derived from the fusion of mononucleated cells belonging to mycelia from different mating types or from one only. According to the karyotypes of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber magnatum, and Tuber borchii, the numbers of hyphal chromosomes suggest a chromosome number of eight (2n); these values are in the range of those of several Ascomycetes and observed for Tuber aestivum (2n=10). The importance and growth in interest during the last years in the fungi protoplasts isolation and transformation techniques can be related to current developments in Tuber genetics and biotechnology. T. borchii could be transformed through liposome-mediated delivery of genetic material as mycelial protoplasts isolation and fusion with liposomes has already been established. On the other hand, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been successfully established for T. borchii
Detecting Mental Calculation Related Frontal Cortex Oxygenation Changes for Brain Computer Interface Using Multi-Channel Functional Near Infrared Topography
No full textEngineered extracellular vesicles as a reliable tool in cancer nanomedicine
Full text linkFast diagnosis and more ecient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge
tasks for the worldwide researchers’ and clinicians’ community. In the last two decades, our
understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the
continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully
improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application
of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs
engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in
cancer nanomedicines
X-ray emission from plasma produced by a Nd:YAG/glass laser on a Cu target: A preliminary analysis
No full textIn this article, we present a preliminary study of the soft X-ray emission by a Cu plasma, obtained by focalizing a Nd:YAG/glass laser beam on a copper target at λ =532nm (second harmonic) at a laser intensity I ≈ 10 12W/cm2. The pulse duration is tL=6ns and the laser shot energy EL ranges from 200 to 300mJ. We have measured the average X-ray spectral emission and determined the X-ray conversion efficiency, (% 2 π sr) in the aluminum transmission window at 70eV with a harder X-ray tail at about 700eV. A study of angular distribution of X-ray intensity emitted from the plasma is presented too
Detecting mental calculation related frontal cortex oxygenation changes for brain computer interface using multi-channel functional near infrared topography
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