859 research outputs found
Establishing a Toolkit for Precursor-Directed Polyketide Biosynthesis: Exploring Substrate Promiscuities of Acid-CoA Ligases
No full text10.1021/bi300425jBIOCHEMISTRY51224568-4579United State
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
No full textThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
On and Around Yan Song 嚴嵩 and His Son : Wang Shi-zhen 王世貞, Jin ping mei, etc.
No full textYan Song (1480-1567), the powerful prime minister of the Jiaqing 嘉靖 (1522-1566), has been portrayed as a villain in various historical and literary works ever since his downfall in 1562. It was Wang Shi-zhen (1529-1593), whose father's death was caused by Yan in a power struggle in the court, who contributed greatly to the creation of this negative portrait. Ming feng ji, a popular play criticizing Yan Song published shortly after his fall, was commonly attributed to Wang Shi-zhen. Starting in early Qing 清, Wang was also considered to be the author of Jin ping mei which according to some contemporary critics, was an expose of Yan's faction. Thus, in people's minds, satires of Yan Song were associated with Wang Shi-zhen. Moreover, although we cannot be certain about the authorship of Jin ping mei, we know that early manuscripts of the novel circulated among Wang Shi-zhen's friends. It seems almost certain that Wang had some connection with the novel
Low-dose anti-inflammatory combinatorial therapy reduced cancer stem cell formation in patient-derived preclinical models for tumour relapse prevention
No full text10.1038/s41416-018-0301-9BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER1204407-42
Author Correction: REST regulates the cell cycle for cardiac development and regeneration
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jianyun Yan, which was incorrectly given as Jiangyun Yan. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Systematic investigation of gastrointestinal diseases in China (SILC): validation of survey methodology
No full textBackground: Symptom-based surveys suggest that the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases is lower in China than in Western countries. The aim of this study was to validate a methodology for the epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopic findings in China. Methods: A randomized, stratified, multi-stage sampling methodology was used to select 18 000 adults aged 18-80 years from Shanghai, Beijing, Xi'an, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Participants from Shanghai were invited to provide blood samples and undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. All participants completed Chinese versions of the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) and the modified Rome II questionnaire; 20% were also invited to complete the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The psychometric properties of the questionnaires were evaluated statistically. Results: The study was completed by 16 091 individuals (response rate: 89.4%), with 3219 (89.4% of those invited) completing the SF-36 and ESS. All 3153 participants in Shanghai provided blood samples and 1030 (32.7%) underwent endoscopy. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.89, 0.89, 0.80 and 0.91, respectively, for the RDQ, modified Rome II questionnaire, ESS and SF-36, supporting internal consistency. Factor analysis supported construct validity of all questionnaire dimensions except SF-36 psychosocial dimensions. Conclusion: This population-based study has great potential to characterize the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopic findings in China.Xiaoyan Yan, Rui Wang, Yanfang Zhao, Xiuqiang Ma, Jiqian Fang, Hong Yan, Xiaoping Kang, Ping Yin, Yuantao Hao, Qiang Li, John Dent, Joseph Sung, Duowu Zou, Saga Johansson, Katarina Halling, Wenbin Liu and Jia H
Hair analysis for drugs of abuse
No full textThis thesis covers a range of important issues in hair analysis and includes 27 scientific works in which the name of the candidate was either listed as the first author or as the major contributor. The work presented in this thesis involved the development of a series of analytical methods to detect trace amounts of drugs in hair and also investigated the mechanisms by which drugs may be incorporated into hair. The major areas covered in this study can be summarized as follows:
1. The methods for the identification and quantification of opiates, amphetamines, ketamine, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anabolic steroids in hair were developed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). With GC-MS methods, the limits of detection were 0.1-0.5 ng mg-1 of hair for antidepressants and antipsychotics. For illegal drugs, hair specimens were analyzed by GC-MS with limits of detection of 0.02-2ng mg-1. GC/MS/MS is more sensitive than GC-MS to detect these drugs in hair. The lower limits of detection ranged from 0.001 to 0.020 ng mg-1 for 21 anabolic androgenic steroids and their esters in hair using liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method. And the limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 5 pg mg-1 for benzodiazepines in hair. Tandem mass spectrometry is characterized by its sensitivity, selectivity and specificity, which makes it particularly suitable for the analysis of trace amount of target analytes in hair.
2. Usually, screening for drugs of abuse is the first step in clinical and forensic toxicology. There are a large number of controlled substances and doping agents and novel compounds, which have yet to be characterised. A series of screening methods for drugs of abuse in hair were developed using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Using our own library of MRM transitions, the optimum collision energies selected for each transition and retention times were set up. These methods have been applied successfully in forensic casework.
3. Of growing importance to the field of hair analysis is the detection of metabolites related to the parent drugs. Demonstrating the presence of a metabolite of a drug (such as, heroin, amphetamines, cocaine, meperidine, ketamine, triazolam or psychotropic drugs) provides compelling evidence for exposure to the parent drug, and permits distinction between external contamination from ingestion and facilitation of the interpretation of results. The presence of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites in the hair of psychiatric patients was investigated using GC-MS-EI and GC-MS-PCI. The parent drug and its major metabolite, such as opiates (morphine, 6-acetylmorphine), methamphetamine (methamphetamine, amphetamine), ketamine (ketamine, norketamine), cocaine (cocaine, benzoecognine), meperidine (meperidine, normeperidine), triazolam (triazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam), and clonazepam (clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam) were quantified in authentic hair samples simultaneously. The differences were finding in the ratio of parent drug to metabolite. For illegal drugs, the concentrations of parent drugs were higher than that of their metabolites. The results of triazolam and clonazepam were contrary. These data are suitable reference values and are the basis for the interpretation of results.
4. The mechanisms by which drugs are incorporated into hair are not fully understood. Based on experiments with guinea pigs with black, white, or brown hair, the mechanisms of incorporation of cocaine, methamphetamine, ketamine, triazolam and anabolic steroids into hair were investigated. The concentrations of drugs in hair were found to be related to physicochemical properties of drugs. The parent drugs were the predominant analytes in hair. There was an obvious relationship between the concentration of drugs in hair and hair pigmentation. The concentrations of drugs deposited in black hair was found to be higher than that in brown and white hair samples, even when comparing results using hairs on the same multicoloured animal body. This work confirmed that melanin affinity is a governing factor in drug incorporation into hair shafts. These studies on the distribution of drugs in the hair shaft and how their concentration changes along the shaft provide information relevant to the time of ingestion and substance use/abuse.
5. In recent years an increase in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) has been reported. Segmental hair analysis has proved useful in widening the window of detection, as blood and urine analyses are of limited use, due to the long delays between the actual assaults and obtaining samples from suspects that are frequently encountered in investigations of such crimes. In China, benzodiazepines are the most frequently observed compounds in cases of drug-facilitated crime. In a paper reported here, 14 volunteers ingested a single 1-6 mg estazolam tablet to permit the evaluation of segmental hair analysis after a single drug dosage. Hair was collected one month after administration of the drug. All the proximal segments tested positive for estazolam. With increased dosage, estazolam could be detected in the 2-4 cm segments nearest the hair root in some subject’s hair shafts. In some cases, the 4-6 cm segments also tested positive. Hair analysis was applied to samples from two authentic criminal cases. A significant variation was observed between those obtained from previous studies and the results presented here. The intersubject variability in segmental analysis can be explained mainly due to melanin content and diffusion from sweat or other secretions during formation of the hair shaft. However, more substantial procedural and interpretation guidelines are required to use segmental hair analysis in drug-facilitated crimes. On the other hand, the minimal dosage for detection, which is a critical but previously unknown threshold value of fundamental importance in hair analysis, was determined for triazolam and ketamine in guinea pig hair.
6. Doping with endogenous anabolic steroids is one of the most serious drug issues in sports today. The measurement of anabolic steroid levels in human hair permits the distinction between pharmaceutically produced steroids and naturally occurring steroids. Full-length hair samples were taken at the skin surface from the vertex of 39 males, 30 females and 11 children from China. None of the subjects were professional athletes. Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were detected in all the hair segments. The physiological concentrations of testosterone were in the range 0.8-24.2 pg mg-1, 0.1-16.8 pg mg-1 and 0.2-11.5 pg mg-1 in males, females and children, respectively. However, the mean values of dehydroepiandrosterone were much higher than those for testosterone. This is the first investigation into the physiological concentrations of anabolic steroids in human hair in Chinese subjects. These data provide suitable reference values and form the basis for the interpretation of results from investigations into the abuse of endogenous anabolic steroids.
In conclusion, the work presented in this study demonstrates that there was a good correlation between the concentration of drugs in hair and drug dosage. There was an obvious relationship between hair drug concentration and hair colour. Melanin affinity is shown to be a governing factor in determining drug incorporation into hair, and the concentration of drugs deposited in black hair was found to be higher than that in brown and white hair samples. This thesis provides data that will be useful in the application of hair analysis regarding drugs of abuse and in the interpretation of toxicological results
Ruili-Bonade dui liu ji shui ping dui liu de shi yan yan jiu
No full text本論文由兩部分組成。第一部分介紹了關於瑞利－伯纳德對流的兩項工作。第一項工作在五個側向寬高比不同的矩形對流槽中研究了空間約束效應對流體動力學和傳熱效率的影響。實驗發現，整體流場隨著約束強度的增加而明顯減弱，而且大尺度環流的流向反轉變得更為頻繁。令人驚訝的是，儘管流動變慢，總體傳熱效率卻顯著地提高。仔細分析表明，空間約束改變了邊界層中羽流的形態和動力學特性，表現為形成的羽流結構更為有序和充滿活力，從而導致邊界層變得更薄更均勻，傳熱效率由此得以提高。第二項工作研究了不同溫度邊界條件對湍流熱對流的影響。實驗在兩個對流槽中進行：其中一個在上邊界固定溫度而在下邊界固定熱通量（HC 對流槽），另一個則在兩個邊界都保持恆定溫度（CC對流槽）。研究發現，在恆定溫度的邊界條件下，溫度邊界層的厚度對瑞利數的依賴關係滿足于1/3的標度律，區別于在恆定熱通量下的行為（標度律近似為2/7）。此外，CC 對流槽中的流場強度平均比HC對流槽中的要強∼9% ，其流向反轉頻率也要快1.5倍。我們把這些現象歸咎於不同溫度邊界條件下羽流的發射強度不同。論文的第二部分對另外一種重要的熱對流系統，水平對流，進行了實驗研究。在加熱和冷卻位于系統上邊界同一高度的條件下，我們觀測到了一個貫穿整個對流槽的大尺度環流。通過染料示蹤表明，流場中的迴流并不一定需要損耗能量來跨越溫度邊界層，因此可以更有效地維持其流動強度。對於熱傳輸效率以及溫度邊界層厚度隨瑞利數的變化關係，實驗觀測到了一個0.3的標度律，不同于經常被報道的理論值（0.2），這可能是因為在高瑞利數下流動狀態發生了轉變。本研究的结果表明，表面温度梯度不仅可以驱动大尺度环流，而且其強度也比人们普遍认为的要强。This thesis consists of two self-contained parts, both related to the topic of thermal convection.In the first part, two sets of studies on turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection are presented.The first study addresses the confinement effects on the heat transport and flow dynamics in quasi-2D geometry. The experiments were conducted in five rectangular cells with the same height and length, while the width being varied to produce a lateral aspect ratio Γ ranging from 0.6 to 0.1. As expected, with decreasing Γ, i.e. increasing the level of confinement, the overall flow slows down and more plumes travel through the bulk region, thus resulting in a large-scale circulation with more frequent reversals. Surprisingly, despite a slower flow, the global heat transport efficiency enhances significantly. Detailed examinations from experiment and simulation show that this enhancement is brought about by the changes in the dynamics and morphology of the thermal plumes in the boundary layers: the confined geometry produces more coherent and energetic plume clusters that in turn result in more uniform and thinner thermal boundary layers. This study demonstrates how changes in turbulent bulk flow can influence the boundary layer dynamics and shows that the quasi-2D geometry is very different from the true 2D and also the 3D systems.The second study investigates the influence of thermal boundary conditions. Two experimentally achievable configurations are examined; one is fixed-flux at the bottom boundary and fixed-temperature at the top (HC cell), while the other is fixed-temperature at both boundaries (CC cell). It is found that, rather surprisingly, the Rayleigh number dependence of the thermal boundary layer thickness follows a 1/3 power law approximately under the condition of constant temperature, in contrast to the behavior in the case of constant flux (close to a 2/7 scaling). It is further found that the flow strength is on average ∼ 9% larger in the CC cell, and its flow reversal frequency is ∼ 1.5 faster than that for the HC case, which may be understood as changes in the plume emission dynamics.The second part deals with horizontal convection. The experiment was conducted with a long apparatus (∼ 2.4 m) with the heating and cooling imposed over the top boundary. Flow visualization studies revealed a full penetrating circulation and suggest that the returning flow does not necessarily overcome the stratification to penetrate the entire thermal BL, in such a way that it can “save its kinematic energy thus supports the motion more efficiently. Both the heat transport efficiency and thermal BL thicknesses are found to follow a 0.3 power law, in contrast to the often-reported value of 0.2. This is likely caused by a flow-regime transition in the high Ra number range. This study demonstrates experimentally that a surface temperature gradient is capable of driving a large-scale circulation and its strength is much stronger than what is generally believed by the oceanography community.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Huang, Shidi = 瑞利-伯納德對流及水平對流的實驗研究 / 黃仕迪.Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-110).Abstracts also in Chinese.Huang, Shidi = Ruili-Bonade dui liu ji shui ping dui liu de shi yan yan jiu / Huang Shidi
The Evolution of the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi --With some remarks on Xiao-shuo Jiang-shi--
No full textThe author intends to answer the following questions : (1) Why is Li Cun-xiao 李存孝 described as the hero of the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi 殘唐五代史演義? (2) Why is the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi detailed in the first half and sketchy in the second half? (3) Why is the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi completely different in contents from the Wu-dai-shi Ping-hua 五代史平話? Li Cun-xiao in the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi is an invincible general and the incarnation of loyalty and filial duty. This is not a reflection of the actual person in history. However, it is worth noting that in the novel Li Cun-xiao is executed without opposing, because he is deceived by Kang Jun-li 康君立 and Li Cun-xin 李存信 into believing the execution is ordered by his foster father Li Ke-yong 李克用. In history, Li Cun-xiao distinguished himself by bravery, but Li Ke-yong favoured Kang Jun-li, and Li Cun-xin made a false charge against Li Cun-xiao, so that Li Cun-xiao betrayed Li Ke-yong and was executed. More notably, the death of Li Cun-xiao is also described in Guan Han-qing's 關漢卿 play of Deng fu-ren ku-tong ku Cun-xiao 鄧夫人苦痛哭存孝, where the plot is similar to that of the novel but Li Cun-xiao deplores many times that he is treated coldly because of a foster child. These make it clear that the play is based on the historical fact and justifies Li Cun-xiao, and that the novel is based on the play and identifies him as a good son and retainer. This is a reflection of sympathy for Li Cun-xiao. We must not forget that Li Cun-xiao is not only in the novel but in all of Yuan Drama 元雜劇 about him described as a central figure in the battle against Huang Chao 黄巢, who was defeated by Li Ke-yong in history. This is another reflection of sympathy for Li Cun-xiao. The legend of Li Cun-xiao seems to have been embellished, connected with the legend of Huang Chao and Zhu Wen 朱溫 by Zheng-de 正德 period (1506-1521), and compiled into the lost Jin-tong Can Tang Ji 金統殘唐記. The Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi, which seems to be based on the Jin-tong Can Tang Ji, was revised about 1613, in order to fill up the blank between the Sui Tang Liang-chao Zhi-zhuan 隋唐兩朝志傳 and the Nan-Song Zhi-zhuan 南宋志傳. The former describes the period before the rebellion of Huang Chao and the latter describes from the second half of the Five Dynasties 五代, which is based on the Wu-dai-shi Ping-hua. Therefore the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi need not describe the Five Dynasties in detail, so that it is only roughly treated in the second half. The Wu-dai-shi Ping-hua is mainly based on the Zi-zhi Tong-jian Gang-mu 資治通鑑綱目, so the content is entirely different from that of the Can Tang Wu-dai-shi Yan-yi. We can also find this kind of differnce among other historical novels such as Ping-hua 平話 in the Yuan 元 dynasty and Yan-yi 演義 in the Ming 明 dynasty. It is possible that this is derived from the difference between Xiao-shuo 小說 and Jiang-shi 講史 in the Song 宋 dynasty
Xuan zhuan Ruili-Bonade dui liu he shui ping dui liu de shi yan yan jiu
No full textPh.D.Two kinds of thermal convection are studied in this thesis, i.e., the rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RRBC) and the horizontal convection (HC).The effects of symmetrically distributed centrifugal force in RRBC are studied in different parameter spaces. This is achieved by pushing the rotation speed +Ω to very high values. The measured enhanced bulk temperature and the decreased sidewall temperature imply that the centrifugal force indeed takes effect at these fast speeds. Compared to previous studies, the different behaviors of the heat transport efficiency, the first Fourier mode energy, the global temperature gradient at sidewall and the gradient at bulk all show the influence of centrifugal force. The centrifugal force is usually neglected in RRBC. The present studies indicate that the centrifugal force must be taken into consideration to better explore the RRBC system in a wider parameter space. Also our experimental results clearly show that the centrifugal force sets in much earlier than recently predicted. We also study the case of reversing the rotation direction −Ω in RRBC. The rotation axis of +Ω is anti-parallel to the gravity while these two are parallel in the −Ω case. Compared to the +Ω case, the heat transport efficiency is larger and the sidewall and bulk temperatures are colder. These differences suggest more attention about this issue are needed when studying RRBC. Also this may help understanding the different flow behaviors in the north and south poles of a planet.A novel experiment is designed to investigate the asymmetrically distributed centrifugal force in RRBC. This directed centrifugal force is applied by shifting the convection cell away from the rotation axis by a distance d. The symmetry breaking results in dramatic changes of flow fields. The flow visualization and the azimuthal temperature profiles show that the hot and cold fluids are separated and accumulated at two opposite positions. Compared to the conventional RRBC (i.e., d = 0 mm), the heat transport efficiency in the off-centered case shows a sharp enhancement, which is followed by an optimal state (a maximum value). The energy of the first Fourier mode indicates that the enhancement of heat transport is caused by the changes of flow dynamics. Two competing separation effects are identified to understand this optimal state, i.e., the positive effects of increased coherence and the negative effects of decreased coherent size. Note that this asymmetrical centrifugal force is added to the symmetrical one. A more detailed examination of the data shows an asymmetric effect of the total centrifugal force on hot and cold coherent structures. This is because the symmetrically distributed centrifugal force competes with the directed one for hot fluid, while for cold fluid, these two work together. The resemblance of the directed centrifugal force to the tidal force suggests some potential applications in astrophysics.The last part deals with the horizontal convection (HC). Like the situations in ocean circulations, the heating and cooling are imposed at the same horizontal level in HC. The flow visualization and the temperature profiles reveal that there is a strongly stratified thermal boundary layer near the upper surface and the bulk is weakly stratified. The flow field can be divided into three regions. The power spectrum densities and fluctuations of temperature signals show that the flow in the unstably stratified cold region is very turbulent while in the stably stratified hot region it is extremely weak and laminar. The situations in the free-surface region are in the middle of the cold and hot regions. The heat transport shows a transition from the classical 0.2 Rossby scaling to a 0.3 scaling. The heat transport is limited by the conduction in the hot region. It is found that when the driving force in the cold region is strong enough, the hot region can also be influenced by the driven flow, which may result in the above-mentioned transition. Also this indicates that in real ocean circulations, the strong mixing due to the wind at low latitude (hot region) is more important than that at high latitude (cold region), since the mixing can compensate the limitation at low latitude.本論文研究了兩類熱對流，即旋轉瑞利-伯纳德對流(RRBC) 和水平對流(HC)︒第一個實驗研究了在不同參數空間下，對稱分佈的離心力在RRBC 系統中的作用︒在實驗中我們通過增加轉速+Ω 來得到較大的離心力︒測量到的流場中心溫度的增加和側壁溫度的降低都表明在快轉速下離心力確實起了作用︒和之前的研究結果相比，傳熱效率︑第一階傅立葉模的能量︑在側壁上測得的溫度梯度以及流場中心的溫度梯度都由於受離心力的影響而表現出不同的行為︒在以往RRBC 的研究中，離心力通常被忽略︒本研究表明，如果想在更大的參數空間裡進一步研究RRBC，離心力必須得考慮進去︒另外，我們的結果表明在RRBC 系統中相比於最近的預測結果，離心力更早起作用︒我們還研究了反轉（−Ω）的情況︒正轉（+Ω）時，轉軸方向和重力方向是反平行的；而反轉（−Ω）時這兩者是平行的︒我們發現相比於正轉，反轉下的傳熱效率更大而且側壁和中心溫度都更低︒這些差異表明，在研究RRBC 時需要注意正反轉的問題︒另外，這些結果可能有助於理解一個星球上南北極兩端不同的流場行為︒我們設計了一個新的實驗來研究在RRBC 系統中不對稱離心力的作用︒通過把對流槽固定在一個偏離轉軸d 的位置上，我們可以得到一個指向性的離心力︒這個對稱性破缺對流場產生了巨大的影響︒流場可視化和角向溫度分佈測量都表明冷熱液體在該離心力作用下分離並且聚集在相對的兩端︒相比於一般的RRBC (即d = 0 mm)，偏心時的傳熱效率有一個急遽增強，隨後達到傳熱最優態（即傳熱最大值）︒通過分析第一階傅立葉模的能量發現，上述傳熱的增加是由流場動力學的改變引起的︒為了理解傳熱的最優態，我們識別出了兩個互相競爭的效應，即該不對稱離心力導致了有助於傳熱的相干性的增強和有礙於傳熱的相干結構尺寸的減小︒在本實驗中，不對稱離心力是疊加在對稱離心力之上的︒進一步的分析發現，總的離心力對冷和熱的液體的效應是不一樣的︒這是因為，對熱的液體而言對稱分佈的離心力和不對稱的離心力是相互抵消的；而對冷的液體而言，兩者則相互促進︒該不對稱離心力和潮汐力的相似性暗示著本實驗的研究結果對一些天文現象有一些潛在應用︒最後一部分研究了水平對流︒與海洋裡洋流的情況類似，在水平對流中加熱和冷卻都是施加在同一個水平面上的︒流場的可視化和溫度剖面顯示，上表面附近存在著強分層的溫度邊界層，而流場內部的分層則很弱︒整個流場大致可以分為三個部分︒從溫度功率譜密度和漲落看出，在不穩定分層的冷區域裡流場湍流度很高，而熱區域裡的流場則很弱︒自由面區域裡的情況則介於這兩者之間︒對於傳熱效率，我們發現了從經典的0.2 Rossby 標度律向0.3 標度律的轉變︒在水平對流系統中，熱區域裡的熱傳導限制了傳熱︒我們發現當冷區域裡的驅動力足夠強時，熱區域裡的液體也會受到流動的影響︒這可能導致了上述傳熱效率的轉變︒同時這也暗示著，在實際洋流中，在低緯度（熱區域）風導致的強混合比在高緯度（冷區域）更重要︒因為在低緯度強混合可以抵消熱傳導所產生的限制︒Hu, Yunbing = 旋轉瑞利-伯納德對流和水平對流的實驗研究 / 胡云炳.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-140).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 2, November 2021).Hu, Yunbing = Xuan zhuan Ruili-Bonade dui liu he shui ping dui liu de shi yan yan jiu / Hu Yunbing
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