43 research outputs found
Knowledge And Attitudes of Anganwadi Workers About Breast Feeding in The Field Practice Area of Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad
No full textBackground: Breast feeding is one of the most important determinants of child survival, birth spacing and prevention of childhood infections. It is important for the Anganwadi workers to have adequate scientific knowledge about breast feeding practices. . Hence this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of AWW with regards to breast feeding practices.
Methodology: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted covering all 68 ICDS centers. A pretested semi-structured questioner was given to all AWWs. All questions were read out and explained by the author and all queries were clarified.
Results: only 70 % AWW believed that breast feeding should be given on demand and 75 % AWWs believed that bottle is better than katori & spoon for infant feeding. 40% said breastfeeding should be stopped if mother is sick. Most of AWW (98%) believed that almonds and dry fruits increase breast milk secretion.
Conclusion: Present research draws very important conclusions that although knowledge of AWW regarding initiation of breast feeding is high but their knowledge regarding prelecteal feeds, feeding on demand, bottle feeding and breast feeding during sickness needs further improvement
The Accelerated Window Work Method Using Vertical Formwork for Tall Residential Building Construction
No full textIn tall residential building construction, there is a process gap between the window work and the structural work. This process gap extends the total period of the project and increases its cost. In addition, as this process gap increases external exposure to noise and dust, it negatively affects the environment of a site and often causes civil complaints. This paper introduces a new window work process called the accelerated window work (AWW) method, which minimizes the process gap and can reduce construction cost and duration and the number of civil complaints. We provide technical details and management elements of the AWW method with a case study that demonstrates the reductions in construction costs and duration compared with the conventional method. This work contributes to the body of knowledge in window work in tall buildings by introducing and validating a new window work method and process. The proposed method will be useful for practitioners who are under short-term constraints
Replication data for: INDIA (2009): Piloting LLIN communication for prevention of malaria among pregnant women and children (ages 0-1) in Jharkhand. Round One.
No full textThe program did not have scope for a full scale quantitative research. Therefore, in order to get an overview about the status of indicators to be targeted through various communication activities it was proposed and finally decided in consultation with UNICEF representatives that a total of 100 structured questionnaires would be canvassed in selected 10 villages. The criteria for selection of the villages was based on the tribal population of the selected blocks and it was decided that a total of 6 villages dominated by Santhal tribe and 2 villages each dominated by Sauria Paharia and Mal Paharia to be undertaken for the research purpose. A total of 100 structured questionnaires were canvassed in order get an overview about the possible indicators targeted through various communication activities. The villages for data collection were purposively selected based on the distance (proximal and distant located) from the block headquarter and it was done in consultation with NGOs, selected by UNICEF for carrying out Routine Immunization (RI) bundling activities. Full list of household having pregnant and lactating mothers was obtained from Anganwadi worker (AWW) for the purpose of selecting respondents. Subsequently, this list was used as sample frame for selecting respondents. Five males and five females were randomly selected using currency note method from this list in each village. Ten structured interviews were conducted in each selected villages. and Apart from this in-depth interviews (IDI) with either the AWW or Sahiya was conducted in each village. Hence, total ten IDIs were conducted. Additionally, a total of ten focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with male and female groups, separat
ely. FGDs were conducted in a nearby village (having similar tribal dominance) located at close proximity of the selected village
Sztuczny człowiek w internecie. Kim są wirtualni influencerzy?
No full textArtykuł przedstawia fenomen wirtualnych influencerów, którzy zyskują popularność dzięki swojej aktywności w popkulturze i w mediach społecznościowych. Jego celem jest uporządkowanie dotychczasowej wiedzy na ich temat. W celu zilustrowania zagadnienia za pomocą metody studium przypadku w artykule opisana została instagramowa gwiazda Miquela i influencerzy z Aww Inc. Na wybranych przykładach zaprezentowano modele i sposoby funkcjonowania tych bytów w dzisiejszych czasach.This article discusses the phenomenon of virtual influencers who gain popularity through their activities in pop culture and social media. Its goal is to systematize existing knowledge on the topic. In order to illustrate the issue with the usage of the case study method, the article describes Instagram star Miquela and the influencers from Aww Inc. On selected examples the author presents models and ways in which these entities function today
Exposure Definition in Case-Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textMeasuring the nature and duration of symptoms of cervical cancer in young women: developing an interview-based approach
No full textPMCID: PMC3835395This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Acceptability of text messages for safety netting patients with low-risk cancer symptoms: a qualitative study
No full textBackground: Safety netting is an important diagnostic strategy for patients presenting to primary care with potential (low-risk) cancer symptoms. Typically, this involves asking patients to return if symptoms persist. However, this relies on patients re-appraising their symptoms and making follow-up appointments, which could contribute to delays in diagnosis. Text messaging is increasingly used in primary care to communicate with patients, and could be used to improve safety netting. / Aim: To explore the acceptability and feasibility of using text messages to safety net patients presenting with low-risk cancer symptoms in GP primary care (txt-netting). / Design and setting: Qualitative focus group and interview study with London-based GPs. / Method: Participants were identified using convenience sampling methods. Five focus groups and two interviews were conducted with 22 GPs between August and December 2016. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis. / Results: GPs were amenable to the concept of using text messages in cancer safety netting, identifying it as an additional tool that could help manage patients and promote symptom awareness. There was wide variation in GP preferences for text message content, and a number of important potential barriers to txt-netting were identified. Concerns were raised about the difficulties of conveying complex safety netting advice within the constraints of a text message, and about confidentiality, widening inequalities, and workload implications. / Conclusion: Text messages were perceived to be an acceptable potential strategy for safety netting patients with low-risk cancer symptoms. Further work is needed to ensure it is cost-effective, user friendly, confidential, and acceptable to patients
Time to diagnosis of Type I or II invasive epithelial ovarian cancers: a multicentre observational study using patient questionnaire and primary care records
No full textOBJECTIVE: To compare time to diagnosis of the typically slow-growing Type I (low-grade serous, low-grade endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell) and the more aggressive Type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, undifferentiated, carcinosarcoma) invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (iEOC). DESIGN: Multicentre observational study. SETTING: Ten UK gynaecological oncology centres. POPULATION: Women diagnosed with primary EOC between 2006 and 2008. METHODS: Symptom data were collected before diagnosis using patient questionnaire and primary-care records. We estimated patient interval (first symptom to presentation) using questionnaire data and diagnostic interval (presentation to diagnosis) using primary-care records. We considered the impact of first symptom, referral and stage on intervals for Type I and Type II iEOC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient and diagnostic intervals. RESULTS: In all, 78% of 60 Type I and 21% of 134 Type II iEOC were early-stage. Intervals were comparable and independent of stage [e.g. median patient interval for Type I: early-stage 0.3 months (interquartile range 0.3-3.0) versus late-stage 0.3 months (interquartile range 0.3-4.5), P = 0.8]. Twenty-seven percent of women with Type I and Type II had diagnostic intervals of at least 9 months. First symptom (questionnaire) was also similar, except for the infrequent abnormal bleeding (Type I 15% versus Type II 4%, P = 0.01). More women with Type I disease (57% versus 41%, P = 0.04) had been referred for suspected gynaecological cancer. Median time from referral to diagnosis was 1.4 months for women with iEOC referred via a 2-week cancer referral to any specialty compared with 2.6 months (interquartile range 2.0-3.7) for women who were referred routinely to gynaecology. CONCLUSION: Overall, shorter diagnostic delays were seen when a cancer was suspected, even if the primary tumour site was not recognised to be ovarian. Despite differences in carcinogenesis and stage for Type I and Type II iEOC, time to diagnosis and symptoms were similar. Referral patterns were different, implying subtle symptom differences. If symptom-based interventions are to impact on ovarian cancer survival, it is likely to be through reduced volume rather than stage-shift. Further research on histological subtypes is needed. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: No difference in time to diagnosis for Type I versus Type II invasive epithelial ovarian cancers
Consultation rates in cervical screening non-attenders: opportunities to increase screening uptake in GP primary care
No full textOBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of cervical screening non-attenders presenting to general practice (GP) primary care over one year.SETTING: 137 practices in East London, UK.METHODS: Anonymous primary care records were downloaded using EMIS web (clinical software). Cervical screening nonattendance was defined as no recorded smear in the last 3.5 years (women aged 25-49) or 5.5 years (women aged 50-64). The last three consultation entries were used to estimate the proportion of non-attenders who consulted in GP over 3 months and 1 year using the Kaplan-Meier method. Newly registered women were assessed separately. Results were calculated for each practice and the median and interquartile range (IQR) across practices are presented. Heterogeneity was assessed using funnel plots.RESULTS: Of 261,810 women, 224,313 (86%) had been registered for >1 year. The proportion classified as non-attenders differed between those registered for >1 year (30%, IQR 27%--35%) and within the last year (49%, IQR 40%--57%), suggesting that screening records were less up-to-date in newly registered women. A median of 32% (IQR: 27%--37%) of non-attenders presented over 3 months, and 60% (IQR: 52%--67%) over 1 year. Funnel plots of the proportion of non-attenders presenting by the number of non-attenders showed substantial variation between practices.CONCLUSIONS: Over half of cervical screening non-attenders present to their GP at least once a year, in over 75% of practices. This represents a good opportunity for improving coverage by offering an alternative form of screening, such as self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing.</p
Symptom lead time distribution in lung cancer:natural history and prospects for early diagnosis
No full textBACKGROUND: Before their diagnosis, patients with cancer present in primary care more frequently than do matched controls. This has raised hopes that earlier investigation in primary care could lead to earlier stage at diagnosis.METHODS: We re-analysed primary care symptom data collected from 247 lung cancer cases and 1235 matched controls in Devon, UK. We identified the most sensitive and specific definition of symptoms, and estimated its incidence in cases and controls prior to diagnosis. We estimated the symptom lead time (SLT) distribution (the time between symptoms attributable to cancer and diagnosis), taking account of the investigations already carried out in primary care. The impact of route of diagnosis on stage at diagnosis was also examined.RESULTS: Symptom incidence in cases was higher than in controls 2 years before diagnosis, accelerating markedly in the last 6 months. The median SLT was under 3 months, with mean 5.3 months [95% credible interval (CrI) 4.5-6.1] and did not differ by stage at diagnosis. An earlier stage at diagnosis was observed in patients identified through chest X-ray originated in primary care.CONCLUSIONS: Most symptoms preceded clinical diagnosis by only a few months. Symptom-based investigation would lengthen lead times and result in earlier stage at diagnosis in a small proportion of cases, but would be far less effective than standard screening targeted at smokers.</p
