1,720,990 research outputs found
A cooperative game-theory approach for incentive systems in local energy communities
No full textProsumers have a central role in the context of smart grids, and in particular within local energy communities (LECs), as they are capable of being both energy producers and consumers. In a scenario where peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is allowed, prosumers can exchange the energy they produce with other prosumers: the primary outcome of this is the improvement of energy self-consumption across the grid, which leads to decreased transmission losses, as well as lower energy costs and diminished long-term damage to the grid itself. Previous work proposed a mechanism to achieve multiple objectives for a cooperative game theory perspective for small coalitions, but its behavior for coalitions of arbitrary size remains unexplored, and it does not consider the objective of peak shaving. This paper aims to (i) design an algorithm for calculating schedules for coalitions of arbitrary size, (ii) analyze the behavior of this mechanism for large coalitions, (iii) create a new incentive mechanism by proposing new selling functions that ensure that the resulting mechanism would optimize for the objective of peak shaving when all the prosumers work together in one large coalition, and (iv) demonstrate the performance of the existing mechanism in terms of peak shaving, by comparing against the mechanism specifically optimized for this objective. Simulations conducted on data from a grid in Cardiff, UK, reveal that the existing mechanism works particularly well for the non-cooperative game, achieving results for cost reduction and self-consumption almost identical to the cooperative game, no matter the size of the coalitions. More precisely, although all mechanisms achieve optimal peak shaving for the grand coalition, the existing mechanism achieves this objective even within the framework of the selfish game, resulting in a reduction of the peak by approximately 29% compared to alternative methods. Furthermore, the mechanism is proven to optimally achieve peak shaving in both cooperative and non-cooperative cases
A Peak-Shaving-Oriented Incentive Mechanism for Smart Grids
No full textProsumers play a crucial role in smart grids, especially within local energy communities (LECs), since they can both consume and produce energy. When peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is available, prosumers can exchange their produced energy with each other: if done properly, this may lead to better energy self-consumption throughout the grid, resulting in reduced transmission losses, lower energy costs, and decreased wear and tear to the grid. Previous work on this topic led to a mechanism capable of obtaining several such goals, like preventing intentional energy production curtailment, disincentivizing simultaneous energy consumption that may lead to congestions, encouraging users to consume their own produced energy as much as possible, and ensuring that even if users initially create schedules with a selfish approach, they will ultimately converge upon a configuration that garners mutual agreement. However, this mechanism has not yet been analyzed from the perspective of peak shaving. Therefore, this paper aims to cover this shortcoming. Our objective in this work is to create a new mechanism that, under certain conditions, guarantees the achievement of optimal peak shaving. We will use it as a baseline to compare the existing mechanisms and understand under which conditions it leads to peak shaving. We performed simulations on a dataset from a grid in Cardiff, UK, and the results show that the existing mechanisms achieve optimal peak shaving both if the users act selfishly, and if they are allowed to form coalitions among themselves
Analysis and forecast of air transport demand in Sardinia's airports as a function of tourism variables
No full textIl lavoro analizza la possibilità offerta da un approccio di tipo econometrico nella previsione della domanda di trasporto aereo. L’obiettivo è quello di ricercare e selezionare le variabili più significative per i modelli di tipo regressione lineare multivariabile; la stima delle singole variabili indipendenti è fatta attraverso i modelli di tipo ARIMA, dopo aver reso stazionarie le serie storiche esaminate. La selezione di tali variabili, per i diversi casi esaminati, è stata fatta considerando il Test di Student e la matrice di correlazione per evidenziare il grado di significatività e di correlazione delle variabili prese in esame.
I modelli così costruiti sono stati testai su tre aeroporti della Sardegna, CAG-OLB-AHO, per vedere quali variabili erano più consone e più caratteristiche a rappresentare il fenomeno in studio. Per ogni nodo aeroportuale sono state costruite le serie storiche dei flussi di traffico passeggeri annuali, espresse in termini assoluti e di numero indice
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