65,663 research outputs found
Vegetation of northern Taiwan during the last glacial maximum as indicated by new pollen records. 14th Int.
No full textPollen analysis of middle last glacial buried valley sediments in the Shanchia area, northern Taiwan.
No full textVegetational history and climatic fluctuations based on pollen analysis of the Toushe Peat bog, central Taiwan since Last Glacial Maximum.
No full textPollen analysis and its implication on paleoenvironmental changes based on pollen assemblage feature of different modern sedimenmtary facies of the Tanshui river of the Taipei Basin d\since 20 ka in Taiwan. 10th Int.
No full textIncreased circulating levels and salivary gland expression of interleukin-18 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: relationship with autoantibody production and lymphoid organization of the periductal inflammatory infiltrate
Full text linkIL-18, an immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play an important pathogenic role in Th1-driven autoimmune disorders. In this study, we evaluated the circulating levels and salivary-gland expression of IL-18 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a mainly Th1-mediated disease. IL-18 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 37 patients with primary SS, 42 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 21 normal controls. We demonstrated high IL-18 serum levels in SS, similar to those in rheumatoid arthritis patients and significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.01). In addition, IL-18 serum concentrations were significantly higher in anti-SSA/Ro+ and anti-SSB/La+ than in anti-SSA/Ro- and anti-SSB/La- SS patients (respectively, P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Serum IL-18 correlated strongly with anti-SSA/Ro (P = 0.004) and anti-SSB/La (P = 0.01) titers. Salivary gland IL-18 expression was investigated by single/double immunohistochemistry in 13 patients with primary SS and in 10 with chronic sialoadenitis, used as controls. The expression of IL-18 was also examined in periductal inflammatory foci in relation to the acquisition of features of secondary lymphoid organs such as T–B compartmentalization, formation of follicular dendritic cell networks, and presence of germinal-center-like structures. IL-18 expression in SS salivary glands was detected in 28 of 32 periductal foci of mononuclear cells (87.5%), while no IL-18 production by infiltrating cells was detected in patients with chronic sialoadenitis. Within the inflammatory foci, IL-18 immunoreactivity co-localized almost exclusively with CD68+ macrophages. In addition, IL-18 was found in 15 of 19 foci (78.9%) with no evidence of T–B cell compartmentalization (nonsegregated) but in 100% of the segregated aggregates, both in T- and B-cell-rich areas. Strikingly, IL-18 was strongly expressed by CD68+ tingible body macrophages in germinal-centre-like structures both in SS salivary glands and in normal lymph nodes. IL-18 expression was observed in the ducts of all SS biopsies but in only 4 of 10 patients with nonspecific chronic sialoadenitis (P < 0.01). This study provides the first evidence of increased circulating levels and salivary gland expression of IL-18 in SS, suggesting an important contribution of this cytokine to the modulation of immune inflammatory pathways in this condition
Everettia interior Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009
No full text26 <i>Everettia interior</i> 3 3 2 <p>27</p> <p> 28 <i>Everettia</i> 2 2 <i>paulbasintali</i></p> <p> <b>2</b> Beaufort, Klias</p> <p>P. Tiga</p> <p>2 Mt Tambuyukon eastern slope, 1100 m S114 Crocker Range, Ulu Membakut</p> <p>Crocker Range, Ulu Membakut</p> <p>Crocker Range, Kimanis 14–16 km, SP12529 Crocker Range, Kimanis 14–16 km, SP12529 Danum Valley CC</p> <p>Nalapak Substesen Kinabalu</p> <p>Nalapak Substesen Kinabalu</p> <p>Kota Kinabalu, Pulau Gaya</p> <p>1 Crocker Range TBC tower sp12599</p> <p> Mt Kinabalu southern slope, <i>c.</i> 1500 m</p> <p> Mt Kinabalu southern slope, <i>c.</i> 1900 m</p> <p> 2 Mt Kinabalu southern slope, <i>c.</i> 1700 m</p> <p>1 Mt Kinabalu north-western slope, 3000 m S142 Mt Kinabalu southern slope, 3100 m S14 Mt Kinabalu southern slope, 3400 m S16</p> <p>1 Mt Kinabalu south-eastern slope, 3100 m S69A</p> <p>1 Mt Kinabalu north-western slope, S132 Mt Kinabalu south-eastern slope, S58 Mt Kinabalu southern slope, S11 Crocker Range, Gunung Alab (1800 m) Crocker Range, Gunung Alab (1800 m) SP12907</p> <p> 1 Mt Kinabalu south-western slope, <i>c.</i> 1700 m, Marai Parai SP12924</p> <p> <b>2</b> Sapulut, Batu Tinagas Sapulut, Batu Sanaron</p> <p>2 Tawau Hills Park (HQ)</p> FJ160635 FJ160636 FJ160629 FJ160630 FJ160631 FJ160632 FJ160633 FJ160639 FJ160640 FJ160641 FJ160634 FJ160623 FJ160627 FJ160628 FJ160611Published as part of <i>Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)</i> on page 517, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5443023">http://zenodo.org/record/5443023</a>
Space-Time Trellis and Space-Time Block Coding Versus Adaptive Modulation and Coding Aided OFDM for Wideband Channels
No full textAbstract—The achievable performance of channel coded spacetime trellis (STT) codes and space-time block (STB) codes transmitted over wideband channels is studied in the context of schemes having an effective throughput of 2 bits/symbol (BPS) and 3 BPS. At high implementational complexities, the best performance was typically provided by Alamouti’s unity-rate G2 code in both the 2-BPS and 3-BPS scenarios. However, if a low complexity implementation is sought, the 3-BPS 8PSK space-time trellis code outperfoms the G2 code. The G2 space-time block code is also combined with symbol-by-symbol adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplex (AOFDM) modems and turbo convolutional channel codecs for enhancing the system’s performance. It was concluded that upon exploiting the diversity effect of the G2 space-time block code, the channel-induced fading effects are mitigated, and therefore, the benefits of adaptive modulation erode. In other words, once the time- and frequency-domain fades of the wideband channel have been counteracted by the diversity-aided G2 code, the benefits of adaptive modulation erode, and hence, it is sufficient to employ fixed-mode modems. Therefore, the low-complexity approach of mitigating the effects of fading can be viewed as employing a single-transmitter, single-receiver-based AOFDM modem. By contrast, it is sufficient to employ fixed-mode OFDM modems when the added complexity of a two-transmitter G2 scheme is affordable
Everettia occidentalis Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textEVERETTIA OCCIDENTALIS SP. NOV. <p> <i>Types:</i> MALAYSIA: State of Sabah: Sipitang District. Upper Padas, forest patch near Long Pa Sia village. At 1200 m alt. (4°24 <i>′</i> N, 115°44 <i>′</i> E). Collected by T.- S. Liew and Meckson. Date: 17.vi.2006, holotype, BOR/ MOL 4345, Figure 2E; eight paratypes, four in BMNH 20080632 and four in SP 13064.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> This species is named <i>occidentalis</i> for its distribution range in the western mountain ranges of Sabah.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> SABAH – Crocker Range: BOR/ MOL 946, Lian cave, iv.2000. JJ 1087, Lian cave, vii.1986. Tenom: BOR/MOL 1373, Tenom Rafflesia Garden, 400 m alt., vi.2003; BOR/MOL 4244, 350 m alt., i.2006. Sipitang: BOR/MOL 2993, Muaya waterfall, Lumaku, x.2003.</p> <p> <i>Diagnostic characteristics:</i> Regularly spaced radial grooves above shell which are different from the radial corrugation of <i>E. dominiki.</i></p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Shell (Figs 2E, 11D): medium-sized, rather thin, brownish, moderately elevated, outer whorls slightly shouldered below the suture. Periphery round to slightly angular. Above the periphery, shell shiny with rather regularly placed radial grooves, <i>c.</i> 2–4 per mm. These radial grooves make the shell seem sculptured with radial ridges under the naked eye. Below the periphery, shell has very fine, shallow, densely placed spiral grooves. Height up to 11.0 mm; width up to 13.0 mm; diameter of the first three whorls 0.9, 0.5, and 1.2 mm, respectively; number of whorls up to four and three-quarters; height aperture up to 4.9 mm; width aperture up to 6.8 mm. Genitalia: unknown. Animal: unknown.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and habitat:</i> Primary forest. Sabah: Long Pa Sia, Tenom, and Sipitang, interior of Sabah (Fig. 5A).</p>Published as part of <i>Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3)</i> on pages 540-541, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5443023">http://zenodo.org/record/5443023</a>
Everettia safriei Liew & Schilthuizen & Vermeulen 2009, SP. NOV.
No full textEVERETTIA SAFRIEI SP. NOV. Types: MALAYSIA: State of Sabah: Ranau District. Southern part of Kinabalu Park. At 2300 m alt. along Kotal’s route from Bukit Babi to the eastern ridge of Mount Kinabalu (6°3 ′ N, 116°36 ′ E). Collected by T.- S. Liew, J. Lapidin, Safrie, and Jasilin. 24.iv.2005, holotype, BOR/MOL 5307, Figure 12D; six paratypes, three in BMNH 20080631 and three in SP 13063. Etymology: This species is named after Safrie Hatimin, staff member at Kinabalu Park, who dedicatedly assisted the first author during the intensive malacological survey on Mount Kinabalu in 2005. Material examined: SABAH – Mount Kinabalu: BOR/ MOL 2671, southern slope, 3330 m alt., x.2003; BOR/ MOL 2672, southern slope, 3330 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2682, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2683, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 2687, southern slope, 3080 m alt., x.2003; BOR/MOL 5302, southern slope, 3024 m alt., ix.2005; BOR/MOL 5306, southern slope, 3089 m alt., xii.2004; BOR/MOL 5303, eastern slope, 3264 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5304, eastern slope, 3352 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5305, eastern slope, 3432 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5308, eastern slope, 3416 m alt., vi.2005; BOR/MOL 5309, eastern slope, 2924 m alt., iv.2005; BOR/MOL 5310, eastern slope, 3336 m alt., vi.2005. Diagnostic characteristics: The numerous, irregular, very fine, and discontinuous spiral threads on the upper surface of the shell differentiate this species from individuals of Everettia dominiki with similar shell shape and size. Description: Shell (Figs 10C, 12D): small, rather thin, greenish brown, moderately elevated, outer whorls rounded. Periphery rounded; spire almost flat. Above the periphery, protoconch smooth (sometimes with inconspicuous, densely placed spiral threads); shell with distinct oblique wrinkling; there are very fine, irregular and discontinuous spiral threads above the wrinkling. Below the periphery, shell is almost smooth. Height up to 4.8 mm; width up to 8.3 mm; diameter of the first three whorls 0.75–0.8, 0.55–0.60, and 0.95–1.00 mm, respectively; number of whorls up to five and one-quarter; height aperture up to 3.6 mm; width aperture up to 4.5 mm. Genitalia (Fig. 13C): maximum length from genital opening to the end of dart-sac (before the visible gland tubules) up to 4.5 mm. The penis, dart-sac, and vagina with very thin transparent walls. P, V, GO, BC, and DS arranged around the short genital atrium, with limited space between the openings of each of the genital structures. BC short, about half of total DS length. Animal (Fig. 8D): the head of animal head is uniformly black. The mantle is brownish and in the last half whorl has sparse irregular black and bright markings. Distribution and habitat: Upper montane primary and coniferous forest, 2700–3500 m alt. Sabah: Mount Kinabalu (eastern and southern ridges only), endemic (Fig. 9A). Remarks: This species occurs sympatrically with E. safriei, to which it is also phylogenetically close. However, both species maintain their distinct and unique shell characteristics.Published as part of Liew, Thor-Seng, Schilthuizen, Menno & Vermeulen, Jaap Jan, 2009, Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin-Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah, northern Borneo, pp. 515-550 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3) on page 540, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00526.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544302
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