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    Effect of thermally aged oil on space charge dynamics in oil/paper insulation system

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    The formation of space charge in oil/paper insulation system can lead to material degradation in the high electrical field region and affect system reliability. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that affect space charge formation in oil/paper insulation system. In the present study the effect of thermally aged oil on space charge dynamics in oil/paper insulation system has been investigated using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique under different dc electrical fields at room temperature. The condition of oil was characterised. The ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrum of oil shifts to visible wavelength and the oil acidity increased as the ageing time increased. It has been found that oil property has a significant effect on the space charge distribution of oil/paper insulation system. The more the deterioration of the oil and the higher the applied voltage, the larger the amount of negative charge injected into the paper near to the cathode and the positive charge accumulated at the paperpaper interface near to the cathode. The maximum electric field strength for oil/paper sample with seriously aged oil under 4kV and 6kV is more than 20% higher than its average electric field strength

    Gnathospinosa Liao & Wang & Huang 2019, gen. nov.

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    Gnathospinosa Liao & Huang, gen. nov. Type species: Gnathospinosa qinlingensis Liao & Huang, sp. nov. by present designation. Description. Male. Wing span about 17–18 mm. Head: Vertex with erect piliform scales. Antenna bipectinate, pectinations elongate and ciliated; scape elongate, cylindrical; pedicel short; flagellum with 35 flagellomeres, basal 25 flagellomeres bipectinate. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments, very short and indistinct. Galeae short. Labial palpus developed and directed forward, second palpomere expanded, lateral bristles absent. Thorax: Dorsal surface covered with yellowish scales mixed some black scales. Foreleg with epiphysis present on tibiae (Fig. 4D), tarsus without spines; occurrence of spurs on legs follows the formula 0-2-4 (Figs. 4 A–C). Wings moderately elongate, slightly rounded apically; forewings ground color yellowish with large dark spots; venation complete, R 4 and R 5 long stalked in forewing; R 5 ending at termen near apex; chorda present; 1A+2A separated at base; hindwing relatively elongate, rounded apically, all veins present; crossvein M-CuA present, M branched in discal cell (Fig. 2). Abdomen: Male genitalia complex; uncus simple, divided into two lobes; tegumen and vinculum fused into a ring; gnathos broad, strongly sclerotized, covered with spines; saccus absent; aedeagus small, inflated basally, without cornuti. Female unknown. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The generic name is derived from the structure of male genitalia with the gnathos covered with scaly spines (spinosus in Latin). The generic name should be treated as feminine. Remarks. This genus is placed in the subfamily Euplocaminae according to the following morphological evidences: in males i) antenna bipectinate; ii) valva two-folded, iii) uncus bilobed, iv) gnathos arms fused medially (Gaedike 2015). It can easily be distinguished from other subfamilies in Tineidae by the following diagnostic characters in males: i) valva with an auricular hairy projection on inner surface, ii) gnathos broad, strongly sclerotized and covered with scaly spines.Published as part of Liao, Cheng-Qing, Wang, Min & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2019, A new genus Gnathospinosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Euplocaminae) from China, with description of a new species and its taxonomic position, pp. 416-424 in Zootaxa 4555 (3) on pages 417-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/262439
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