1,721,185 research outputs found
Meeting Anscombe's Demand: Toward a Moral Psychology of Character
No full textMEETING ANSCOMBE'S DEMAND: TOWARD A MORAL PSYCHOLOGY OF CHARACTER Abstract by Liam Murphy Monahan Contemporary virtue theorists suggest a conception of moral perception, practical reasoning, and motivation radically different from that of their Enlightenment-inspired rivals. However, without a psychologically credible understanding of how it is possible for rationally limited creatures like human beings to be virtuous, virtue theory cannot be a genuine alternative. Many virtue theorists believe that being virtuous involves the possession of stable character traits that provide an agent with the capacity to consistently recognize objectively appropriate reasons for action as well as the ability to act reliably for, or because of, those reasons. What many virtue theorists fail to realize is that this description of being virtuous makes both normative and psychological assumptions that must be vindicated. I argue that no normative account of the existence of objectively appropriate reasons for action can be derived from an agent-based account of right action. An agent-based account of right action claims that evaluations of human action are derived from the motivation or behavior of a virtuous agent. I conclude that in order for virtue ethics to be a viable alternative moral theory, it must begin with a substantive account of the good. I also argue that a theory concerning the moral psychology of a virtuous agent can be constructed from Michael Bratman's descriptive account of his temporally extended planning theory of human agency. By identifying the primary functional roles played by the virtues in the psychology of a virtuous agent, I conclude that an agent's commitments can become embedded in her intentions, plans and policies in such a way that her commitments take on a central role in: (1) directing her attention to what is morally relevant, (2) framing her practical reasoning around the good, and (3) motivating her to pursue appropriate ends. When this account of the moral psychology of a virtuous agent is coupled with an adequate substantive account of the good, virtue theory stands a chance of becoming a genuine rival moral theory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Myth of Pretax Income
Full text linkReviewing, Liam Murphy & Thomas Nagel, The Myth of Ownership: Taxes and Justice (2002)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Property as a Convention
No full textRecenzja książki: Liam Murphy, Thomas Nagel, The Myth of Ownership. Taxes and Justice, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2002.Tomasz Żuradzk
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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