115,272 research outputs found
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
No full textThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Mao yi yu he ping = Trade and peace
No full textBen shu you mao yi pian, Zhan zheng pian, He ping pian zu cheng. Bao kuo mao yi yu he ping xiang rong gong sheng, Di li da fa xian zhi qian de mao yi yu fen zheng, Xi fang zi you mao yi ban sui mao yi zheng duan er jue qi, Jin dai zhan zheng he mao yi shi zhong guo rong ru shi jie, Feng yun bian huan de ban ge shi ji, Mao yi zao jiu zhan hou de xiang dui he ping, Mao yi yu he ping de wei lai fa zhan gong qi zhang nei ron
Global seasonality of human seasonal coronaviruses
No full textBackground
It is speculated that the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus could recur as seasonal outbreaks, a circulating pattern observed among other pre-existing human seasonal coronaviruses (sCoV). However, little is known about the seasonality of these sCoVs on a global scale.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of existing data on the seasonality of human sCoV, including NL63, 229E, OC43 and HKU1. We searched four English databases and three Chinese databases for relevant publications between 1st January 2020 and 15th April 2020. We also searched online surveillance datasets and preprints. We extracted weekly or monthly number of sCoV from included studies and calculated the monthly annual average percentage (AAP) as the relative strength of virus activity. We compared the seasonality of sCoV with that of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus that we previously reported. We further modelled the monthly activity of sCoV using site-specific temperature, relative humidity and dew point
Xiao ji you sheng xue lun li tan tao
No full text陳德昌.Running title: 消極優生學倫理探討.Thesis (M.Div.)--香港中文大學宗敎及神學學部.Running title: Xiao ji you sheng xue lun li tan tao.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-61).Chen Dechang.Thesis (M.Div.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue zong jiao ji shen xue xue bu.Chapter 一. --- 導 言 --- p.1-6Chapter 二. --- 遺傳病理學的發展 --- p.7-12Chapter 三. --- 從分配公義的原則看消極優生的必需 --- p.13-21Chapter 四. --- 從病者的人生尊嚴看消極優生的必要 --- p.22-25Chapter 五. --- 對未來世代的責任 --- p.26-30Chapter 六. --- 消極優生手段之産前檢驗的準確性 --- p.31-36Chapter 七. --- 基因工程發展與基督教神學思想 --- p.37-50Chapter 八. --- 結論 --- p.51Chapter 九. --- 附注 --- p.52-61Chapter 十. --- 注釋 --- p.62-63Chapter 十一. --- 附表 --- p.64-6
Regulation of mammalian mRNA decapping
No full textThe modulation of mRNA degradation plays a critical role for regulation of gene expression. A major mRNA decay pathway in mammals proceeding from the 5' to 3' end is initiated with shortening of 3' poly (A) tail, followed by the cleavage of the 5' cap structure (decapping) and degradation of the mRNA body by the Xrn1 exoribonuclease. Dcp2 is a well characterized mRNA decapping enzyme. It is an RNA binding protein that must bind the RNA in order to recognize the cap for hydrolysis. We identified mRNAs bound by human Dcp2 by coimmunoprecipitation and microarray analysis. Further biochemical assays identified a sequence element of 60 nucleotides at the 5´ terminus of the mRNA encoding Rrp41 as a specific Dcp2 substrate which could specifically bind Dcp2 protein and enhance Dcp2 decapping. Mutational analysis of this element revealed a stable stem-loop structure (termed DBDE) contained in the first 33 nucleotides is critical for Dcp2 decapping stimulation. A bioinformatic search was carried out to identify a subset of mRNAs that have a comparable stem-loop structure at the 5′ end as potential Dcp2 substrates. We identified a second cytoplasmic mRNA decapping enzyme Nudt16 in mammalian cells and established stable MEF cells that contained reduced level of Dcp2 and/or Nudt16 protein. Using these MEF cells, we demonstrated the distinct roles for Dcp2 and Nudt16 in nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), ARE-mediated decay and miRNA mediated gene silencing. Our results indicated that NMD preferentially utilizes Dcp2 rather than Nudt16; Dcp2 and Nudt16 are redundant in miRNA mediated silencing; and Dcp2 and Nudt16 are differentially utilized for ARE-mRNA decay. At last, we demonstrated that anti-viral immune response was regulated by Dcp2 in mouse embryonic fibroblast. In MEF cells lacking Dcp2 protein, interferon-mediated anti-viral response was significantly elevated. We identified IRF7, a crucial transcription factor in anti-viral immunity, as the direct target of Dcp2. Knockdown of Dcp2 led to stabilization of IRF7 mRNA and increased IRF7 protein level. Therefore, Dcp2 functions as a negative regulator of interferon-mediated anti-viral immunity. Interestingly, Dcp2 expression is also induced in virus infection, suggesting a negative feedback loop in the anti-viral immune response.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby You L
National burden estimates of hospitalisations for acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in 2019: the Burden of Influenza and RSV Disease (BIRD) study
No full text# Abstract #
## Background ##
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the predominant viral pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children under five years of age (<5y). Little is reported on the national estimates of RSV-ALRI hospital admissions in <5y based on robust RSV epidemiology data.
## Methods ##
We included data on RSV and ALRI hospital admission in <5y from systematic literature reviews (including unpublished data) and from clinical databases. We used two different methods, namely the rate-based method and the proportion-based method, to estimate national RSV-ALRI admissions in <5y in the year 2019 among countries with robust data. The rate-based method synthesized data on laboratory-confirmed RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rates using a spatiotemporal Gaussian process meta-regression (ST-GPR). The proportion-based method applied data on RSV positive proportions among ALRI to all-cause ALRI admission envelopes using a Bayesian regularized trimmed meta-regression (MR-BRT). Where applicable, we reported estimates by both methods in order to provide a plausible range for each included country.
## Findings ##
A total of 334 studies and 1985 data points from 58 countries were included in the analysis, accounting for 58% of the <5y population worldwide. The number of the annual national RSV-ALRI hospitalisations in <5y ranged from 0·06 thousand (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0·02–0·14) in Iceland to 936·29 thousand (95% CI: 261·23–2151·83) in China. Despite great variation among countries, a high proportion of <5 of RSV-ALRI hospitalisations were in infants <1y in all countries (median proportion: 46%, interquartile range: 32–57). In most (76%) years, RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rate fluctuated between 80% and 120% of the country’s median yearly rate. General agreement was observed between estimates by the rate method and proportion method, with a few exceptions in India, Kenya, Norway and Philippines. The estimates by the rate-based method and by the proportion-based method could be extrapolated to a global estimate of 4·1 million (95% CI: 3·8–4·5) and 2·7 million 95% CI: 1·7–5·2) RSV-ALRI hospitalisations in <5y, respectively.
## Interpretation ##
By incorporating data from various sources, our study provides robust estimates on the national burden of RSV-ALRI admissions in <5y. These estimates are important for informing policy for introduction of RSV immunisations and also serve as baseline data for assessing the effectiveness of implementing RSV immunisation programmes.
## Funding ##
The Foundation for Influenza Epidemiolog
Scythris fustivalva Lou & You & Huang & Li 2018, sp. nov.
No full textScythris fustivalva Li, sp. nov. Distribution. China (Ningxia).Published as part of Lou, Kang, You, Wanxue, Huang, Zhilin & Li, Houhun, 2018, Notes on scythridid moths in Habahu National Nature Reserves, with description of one new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae), pp. 349-362 in Zootaxa 4369 (3) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/113582
Zhou yi lüe li
No full text王弼, 韓康伯注 ; 孔穎達正義.綫裝, 1函.框19.7x13.1公分, 9行21字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 無魚尾, 四周單邊. 版心中鐫"易疏"及卷次, 下記刻工.分上,下經 ; 卷一至三為上經, 卷四至九為下經.出版項據《明代版本圖錄初編》推定.卷一至六由王弼注, 卷七至九由韓康伯注.With: 經典釋文 : 周易音義 / 陸德明撰 -- 周易略例 / 王弼撰.鈐有"呂氏樂房藏書", "得良館藏書記"印.Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 19.7 x 13.1 gong fen, 9 hang 21 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, wu yu wei, si zhou dan bian. Ban xin zhong juan "Yi shu" ji juan ci, xia ji ke gong.Fen shang, xia jing ; juan yi zhi san wei shang jing, juan si zhi jiu wei xia jing.Chu ban xiang ju "Ming dai ban ben tu lu chu bian" tui ding.Juan yi zhi liu you Wang Bi zhu, juan qi zhi jiu you Han Kangbo zhu.Wang Bi, Han Kangbo zhu ; Kong Yingda zheng yi.With: Jing dian shi wen : Zhou yi yin yi / Lu Deming zhuan -- Zhou yi lüe li / Wang Bi zhuan.Qian you "Lü shi Le fang cang shu", "De liang guan cang shu ji" yin
Euphorbia motuogensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Xizang, China
No full textLi, Man-Ting, Lan, Xiao-Zhong, Zuo, You-Wei, Deng, Hong-Ping (2021): Euphorbia motuogensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Xizang, China. Phytotaxa 527 (2): 107-116, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.
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