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FIGURE 1. Centrocnemis schaeferi Truong, Li in First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species
No full textFIGURE 1. Centrocnemis schaeferi Truong, Li & Cai, sp. nov, 3, holotype. Habitus. Scale bar = 3.69 mm.Published as part of Truong, Xuan Lam, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2010, First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species, pp. 64-68 in Zootaxa 2347 on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27558
First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species
No full textTruong, Xuan Lam, Li, Hu, Cai, Wanzhi (2010): First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 2347: 64-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27558
Kirejtomma Li & Cai 2021, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Kirejtomma Li & Cai gen. nov. Type species: Clessidromma zengi Kirejtshuk, 2020.Published as part of Li, Yan-Da & Cai, Chen-Yang, 2021, Revisiting the morphology of the Cretaceous ommatid beetle Clessidromma palmeri (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae), pp. 1-8 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 61 on page 5, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.95, http://zenodo.org/record/717733
Nothattagenus LI & HUANG & CAI 2022, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Nothattagenus Li & Cai gen. nov. Type species. Attagenus burmiticus Cai, Háva & Huang, 2016 (in Cai et al., 2017) Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Greek “ nothos ”, false, and the generic name Attagenus Latreille. The name is masculine in gender. Composition. Only Nothattagenus burmiticus (Cai, Háva & Huang, 2016 in Cai et al. 2017) comb. nov. Diagnosis. Dorsal surface pubescent (Figs 1A, 2E). Antennomere 11 abruptly narrowed in apical half (Fig. 2A, B). Mandibular apex normally situated (rather than displaced proximally) (Fig. 2A). Metacoxae strongly transverse, reaching elytral margins laterally (Fig. 2C). Abdominal ventrites completely lined by sharp outer carina (Fig. 2D).Published as part of LI, YAN-DA, HUANG, DI‑YING & CAI, CHEN‑YANG, 2022, " Attagenus " burmiticus from mid-Cretaceous amber reinterpreted as a member of Orphilinae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), pp. 390-394 in Palaeoentomology 5 (4) on page 390, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.12, http://zenodo.org/record/733336
Centrocnemis schaeferi Truong, Li & Cai, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Centrocnemis schaeferi</i> Truong, Li & Cai, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1–9)</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Coloration: Body dark testaceous. First antennal segment (except a narrow longitudinal strip on upper surface testaceous), second (except apex whitish), basal portion of third and fourth antennal segments, rostrum (except a spot on inner and apical portion of second segment whitish), lateral stripe from eye almost to base and ventral portion of head, anteocular portion, spots and confluent suffusions on collar, posterior pronotal lobe and pleura, scutellum (except an annulation at base of apical spine whitish), clavus, confluent spots on membrane of forewings, tarsi, apical 2/3 of anterior tibiae (except a spot on outer surface subapically and on inner surface of process pale testaceous), apical portion of mid tibiae, hind tibiae (except basally testaceous), lower surface and a longitudinal suffusion on external surface of fore femora, basal portion of mid and hind femora, coxae, trochanters, and suffusion on connexival segments black (Figs. 1, 2); lateral spines on collar, discal tubercles on anterior pronotal lobe and lateral expansions on posterior pronotal lobe narrowly brown apically; corium dark brown, with many whitish tubercles; abdomen ventrally strongly suffused with brown; tubercles on body mostly white (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Structure:</b> Body large and dorsoventrally depressed. Body clothed with tubercles. First antennal segment moderately thick with tubercles and apical spine, second segment somewhat compressed and much longer than first, apical 2/3 of third segment and fourth segment setose; head moderately elongate with a pair of spines at lateral emargination of eyes and a pair of spines on vertex; eyes sub-pedunculate, kidney-shaped in lateral view; ocelli small, protuberant and narrowly separated; basal rostral segment tuberculate, second longer than third and fourth segments combined (Fig. 2). Pronotum tuberculate and spinose; collar processes short, with tubercles (apical angles rounded) laterally; discal tuberculous spines of anterior pronotal lobe erect and long; posterior pronotal lobe tuberculate and distinctly expanded laterally; scutellum tuberculate and with a long and recurved spine apically; lower surface of anterior tibiae and femora with short dense denticles, femora with spines and tubercles. Connexival segments with a variable number of spines at external apical angle; abdomen with flattened area mid-ventrally; apical and basal portions of corium suffused with whitish tubercles (Fig. 1). Pygophore oblong, ventral surface clothed with rounded tubercles and short setae (Figs 3– 5); paramere falculate, preapical portion with numerous long setae (Fig. 6); basal plate short, basal plate prolongation thin, curving (Fig. 7); phallotheca sclerotized dorsally and laterally, membranous ventrally, symmetrical; struts long, strut A thick, situated ventrally, strut B whiplike, recurved and extending outside of the phallosoma (Figs. 7–9).</p> <p> <b>Measurements:</b> Body length 28.56; abdomen width 14.20. Length head 3.8; length anteocular portion 1.40, length postocular portion 1.60; length synthlipsis 1.51; interocellar space 0.20; length antennal segments I–IV= 2.27, 6.30, 3.13, 2.43; length rostral segments I–IV = 0.64, 2.58, 1.14, 0.87; length anterior pronotal lobe 4.68, length posterior lobe 7.01; width thorax 11.70; length scutellum 2.84; length hemelytron 19.21.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype, 3, Phuoc Binh National Park, Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam, 13-X-2008, Truong Xuan Lam leg.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Vietnam (Ninh Thuan).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honor of Prof. Carl W. Schaefer of University of Connecticut for his great contributions to heteropterology and his kind help in our study of true bugs.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the black spots and confluent suffusions on the posterior pronotal lobe (Fig. 1), the rostrum (Fig. 2) and the membrane of forewings, and whitish tubercles on the apical and basal portions of the corium (Fig. 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Truong, Xuan Lam, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2010, First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species, pp. 64-68 in Zootaxa 2347</i> on page 67, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/275588">10.5281/zenodo.275588</a>
Coslonatus Li & Cai 2021, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Coslonatus Li & Cai gen. nov. Type species. Coslonatus rasnitsyni sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is an anagram of “ Lascotonus ”, a genus in Colydiinae. The name is masculine in gender. Diagnosis. Head dorsally with a pair of longitudinal protuberances. Antennal insertions dorsally located. Antennae 11-segmented, long, almost reach elytral apex; antennomeres 9–11 short, asymmetrical, forming a club. Pronotal disc quadrate, with a pair of longitudinal elevated platforms. Procoxae countersunk, concealed by raised prosternal process. Each elytron with five subtle carinae (including sutural carina). Tarsi 4-4-4; tarsomeres 1–3 combined shorter than tarsomere 4. Abdomen with five free ventrites, separated by deep and broad grooves.Published as part of Li, Yan-Da, Huang, Di-Ying & Cai, Chen-Yang, 2021, An aberrant colydiine-like tenebrionoid beetle from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Zopheridae), pp. 614-619 in Palaeoentomology 4 (6) on page 615, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.10, http://zenodo.org/record/577847
Performance and analysis of a 4-stroke multi-cylinder gasoline engine with CAI combustion
No full textCopyright © 2002 SAE International. This paper is posted on this site with permission from SAE International. Further use of this paper is not permitted without permission from SAEControlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) combustion was realised in a production type 4-stroke 4-cylinder gasoline engine without intake charge heating or increasing compression ratio. The CAI engine operation was achieved using substantially standard components modified only in camshafts to restrict the gas exchange process
The engine could be operated with CAI combustion within a range of load (0.5 to 4 bar BMEP) and speed (1000 to 3500 rpm). Significant reductions in both specific fuel consumption and CO emissions were found. The reduction in NOx emission was more than 93% across the whole CAI range. Though unburned hydrocarbons were higher under the CAI engine operation.
In order to evaluate the potential of the CAI combustion technology, the European NEDC driving cycle vehicle simulation was carried out for two identical vehicles powered by a SI engine and a CAI/SI hybrid engine, respectively. The simulation results showed only moderate improvement in fuel economy and exhaust emissions because of low utilisation of CAI during the drive cycle.
In order to take full advantage of the CAI combustion technology, detailed analyses were carried out on the engine’s performance, heat release and combustion characteristics, emissions and the effect of gas exchange processes. These analyses showed that the engine’s performance and emissions were mainly affected by the trapped residual fractions and residual temperature. In addition, the backflow was found to affect the combustion and emission as well
Rhomeocalpsua Li, Tomaszewska & Cai
No full textGenus Rhomeocalpsua Li, Tomaszewska & Cai, gen. nov. Type species. Rhomeocalpsua torosa sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is an anagram of Holoparamecus, a genus in Endomychidae: Merophysiinae. The name is feminine in gender. Diagnosis. Body relatively elongate. Head with antennal sockets visible from above (Fig. 5C). Antennae composed of nine antennomeres, with club built of three antennomeres; antennomere 7 strongly asymmetrical; antennomere 8 strongly enlarged (Figs 4C, D, 5F). Apical labial palpomeres apparently enlarged (Fig.4B). Prothorax posteriorly constricted; pronotal disc without pits, sulci or carinae (Fig. 3A). Mesocoxal cavities broadly closed (Fig. 4E). Mesotrochantins concealed (Fig. 4E). Femora with deep and long grooves along inner side (Fig. 4E, F). Tarsi simple, 3-3-3 (Fig. 4H, I).Published as part of Li, Yan-da, Tomaszewska, K. Wioletta, Huang, Di-ying & Cai, Chen-yang, 2022, Rhomeocalpsua torosa gen. et sp. nov., a unique lineage of Endomychidae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea), pp. 146-154 in Palaeoentomology 5 (2) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/653050
Mesonosa Tihelka, Li, Huang & Cai 2020
No full textGenus Mesonosa Tihelka, Li, Huang & Cai, 2020 (Figs 17–19) Type species. Mesonosa scandens Tihelka, Li, Huang & Cai, 2021. Material examined. Holotype of M. scandens, NIGP 173928. Remarks. The maxillary and labial palpi of the holotype of M. scandens appears to be enlarged in both the widefield photos and the micro-CT reconstruction by Tihelka et al. (2021b). As noted by Tihelka et al. (2021b), this enlargement is merely an artefact. In the confocal photomicrographs it is clear that the maxillary and labial palpi M. scandens are slender (Fig. 18B). The apparent enlargement is caused by gas bubbles enclosing the palpi. The holotype of M. scandens was cited as sex indeterminate in Tihelka et al. (2021b). Our reexamination of the CT data reveals the genitalia inside the body of M. scandens, which are likely to be female (Fig. 19). Mesonosa is unique within Nosodendridae in having ventrally lobed tarsomeres 2–4 (Fig. 18G–I; Tihelka et al., 2021b). Mesonosa additionally differs from other fossil nosodendrids in having a prosternum without antennal grooves (figs 2D, 4C in Tihelka et al., 2021b) and antennomeres in the club very loosely connected (Fig. 18C).Published as part of Li, Yan-Da, Tihelka, Erik, Dahan, Loïc, Huang, Di-Ying & Cai, Chen-Yang, 2021, On the Nosodendridae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Nosodendroidea), pp. 223-244 in Zootaxa 5082 (3) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/578822
Investigation of combustion and performance characteristics of CAI combustion engine with positive and negative valve overlap
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.In the first part of studies, Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) combustion was investigated in a Ricardo E6 single cylinder, four stroke gasoline engine. CAI combustion is achieved by employing positive valve overlap configuration in combination with various compression ratios and intake air temperature strategies. The CAI operational region is limited by engine load due to knock and partial burned boundaries. The combustion characteristics and emissions are studied in order to understand the major advantages and drawbacks of CAI combustion with positive valve overlap.
The enlargement of the CAI operational region is obtained by boosting intake air and external EGR. The lean-boosted operation elevators the range of CAI combustion to the higher load region, and the use of external EGR allows the engine to operation with CAI combustion in the mid range of region between boosted and N/A CAI operational range. The results are analyzed and combustion characteristics, performance and emissions are investigated.
A Ricardo Hydra single cylinder, four stroke optical gasoline engine with optical access is then experimented to investigate CAI combustion through negative valve overlap configuration and an intake heater. The effects of direct fuel injection timings spark timings and air/fuel ratio are studied by means of simultaneous incylinder heat release study and direct visualization, chemiluminescence techniques which uses full, OH radical and CHO species. Both heat release analysis and chemiluminescence results have identified the pressure of minor combustion during the NVO period. Both the charge cooling and local air/fuel ratio effects are also investigated by varying the quantity of direct air injection
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