500,697 research outputs found
Impatiophila yapingi Gao 2011, comb. nov.
No full text2) Impatiophila yapingi (Gao, 2011), comb. nov. (Figs. 3 A, J, 12; Pl. 1 A; Pl. 6 A) Hirtodrosophila yapingi Gao, 2011: 74. Diagnosis. Abdominal tergites III −V each with broad, black caudal band protruded medially (Pl. 1 A). Setae of middle row on 2 nd costal section all heavy, peg-like setae, present beyond tip of R 2 + 3 [“ Fig. 17 ” of Gao (2011)]. Hindleg tibia with 1 black, apically blunt, stout spine at outer apex on underside (Fig. 3 J). Supplementary and revised description (♂, ♀). Head [“ Fig. 5 ” of Gao (2011)]: Arista with 2−3 dorsal and 1 ventral branches. Cibarium with 2−3 medial and 5−6 posterior sensilla per side (Fig. 3 A). Thorax: Mid katepisternal seta longer than anterior katepisternal seta. Abdomen (Pl. 1 A): Male sternite VI somewhat quadrate, slightly wider than long, nearly straight or slightly concave on posterior margin (Fig. 12 B). Male terminalia: Epandrium pubescent patchily less than half but not on mid-dorsal portion [“ Fig. 18 ” of Gao (2011)]. Tenth sternite medially slightly projected [“ Fig. 11 ” of Gao (2011)]. Paramere longer than twice of width in lateral view [“ Fig. 10 ” of Gao (2011)]. Female terminalia: Oviscapt valve gently curved on dorsosubapical margin and less expanded dorsomedially in lateral view, with 4 dorsal, 11−12 lateral ovisensilla and 9−10 nearly constant in size on distally concave, ventral margin [“ Figs. 21, 22 ” of Gao (2011)]. Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (KIZ: #01678), Bamboo Temple, Kunming, Yunnan, 28.vii. 2011, ex Impatiens tayemonii Hayata, J.J. Gao; 4 ♂, 5 ♀ (KIZ: #00115, #00116, #00118– 24), same except for 25.viii. 2011; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (KIZ: #03752, #03753), same except for 21.viii. 2014, M.J. Toda; 1 ♀, same except for 28.ii. 1987, W.X. Zhang (SEHU). Distribution. China (Yunnan).Published as part of Fu, Zhao, Toda, Masanori J., Li, Nan-Nan, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Gao, Jian-Jun, 2016, A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4120 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4120.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26683
Homoneura (Homoneura) longicurva Gao & Shi 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHomoneura (Homoneura) longicurva sp. nov. (Figs 46−51, 52−56) Description. MALE. Body length 5.1 mm, wing length 4.6 mm. Head (Figs 47−48) yellow. Frons with a pair of brown stripes extending to ocellar triangle; ocellar setae, anterior and posterior fronto-orbital setae broken. Parafacial yellow with a row of black short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/9 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere about 2 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, pubescent, with longest ray as long as 4/5 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow. Thorax (Fig. 49) yellow. Mesonotum with 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st post–sutural dorsocentral setae behind the transversal suture), acrostichal setulae in irregular 6 rows. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 5 posterodorsal setae, 4 posteroventral setae and ctenidium with 7–9 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal setae and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae and 1 short apicoposterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterodorsal seta and 3 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 51) pale yellow, brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5, M 1 separated each other; a brown median spot on R 4+5 slightly contacted with upper margin of brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu; subcostal cell pale brown; 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 4.8:1.4:1; r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.5; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/7. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Figs 46, 50) yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 50, 52−56): syntergosternite 7+8 circular with a ventral process; epandrium broad in lateral view, surstylus long knife-like with several setulae in lateral view; hypandrium nearly H-shaped and hypandrial apodeme tiny; pregonite with two sharp distal processes; postgonite slightly curved apically in lateral view; phallus with a pair of sharp median processes and a pair of lateral processes subapically in ventral view; phallapodeme longer than phallus. FEMALE. Body length 5.0– 5.3 mm, 4.6–4.7 mm. Type material. CHINA, Shaanxi Province: Holotype ♂ (IMAU), Foping County, Yueba, Heilongtan, 27. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Paratypes (IMAU): 2♀♀, Hua County, Gaotang Town, Dongyu Village, Huangbiangou, 1070 m, 7. VII. 2014, Lei Zhang. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Remarks. The new species is similar to Homoneura (Homoneura) serrata Gao & Yang, 2002 from China (Guangxi and Guizhou), but the latter has the following features: the wing having subcostal cell hyaline at apex, a brown median spot being present on R 4+5 before the vertical level of brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu, and the surstylus being without curving upward apically. Etymology. Latin, longi -, meaning long + curva, meaning curve, referring to the surstylus being long and curved apically; a feminine adjective.Published as part of Gao, Xuefeng & Shi, Li, 2019, Nine new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling mountains in China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 4608 (3) on page 416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/377027
Homoneura (Homoneura) platimarginata Gao & Shi 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHomoneura (Homoneura) platimarginata sp. nov. (Figs 68−73, 74−78) Description. MALE. Body length 6.3 mm, wing length 5.7 mm. Head (Figs 69−70) yellow. Ocellar setae longer than anterior fronto-orbital setae. Parafacial yellow with a row of black short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/7 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere about 1.9 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, with longest ray as long as 3/5 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow. Thorax (Fig. 71) yellow. Mesonotum with 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st post–sutural dorsocentral setae behind the transversal suture), acrostichal setulae in irregular 6 rows. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 5 posterodorsal setae, 4 posteroventral setae and ctenidium with 14 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae and 1 short apicoposterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterodorsal seta and 3 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 73) pale yellow, brown apical spots on R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 separated from each other; a brown median spot on R 4+5 separated from upper margin of a brown stripe on crossvein dm-cu; subcostal cell pale yellow; 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 5.6:1.5:1; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.5; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/9. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 68) yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 72, 74−78): syntergosternite 7+8 elliptic; epandrium slightly broad, surstylus broad and margined apically in lateral view; hypandrium H-shaped; pregonite and postgonite sharp at apex in lateral view; phallus with sharp dorsal and lateral processes in lateral view; phallapodeme longer than phallus. FEMALE. Body length 6.0– 6.3 mm, wing length 5.5–5.7 mm. Type material. CHINA, Shaanxi Province: Holotype ♂ (IMAU), Foping County, Yunba, Heilongtan, 27. VIII. 2014, Xiu-mei Lu. Paratypes (IMAU): 1♀, Liuba County, Mt. Guanghua, 1912 m, 20. VIII. 2013, Yuqiang Xi; 4♀♀, Foping County, Daguping, 1366.2 m, 22. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Remarks. The new species is similar to Homoneura (Homoneura) guizhouensis Gao & Yang, 2002 from China (Guizhou), but the latter has the following features: a brown median spot being present on R 4+5 fused with upper margin of brown spot on dm-cu, the gonites lacking a furcation in lateral view, and the phallus having deep incision subapically in lateral view. Etymology. Latin, plati -, meaning broad + marginata, meaning margined, referring to the surstylus broad and margined apically in lateral view; a feminine adjective.Published as part of Gao, Xuefeng & Shi, Li, 2019, Nine new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling mountains in China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 4608 (3) on pages 417-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/377027
Homoneura (Homoneura) longiacutata Gao & Shi 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHomoneura (Homoneura) longiacutata sp. nov. (Figs 35−40, 41−45) Description. MALE. Body length 5.7–5.9 mm, wing length 5.3–5.6 mm. Head (Figs 36−37) yellow. Frons with a pair of brown stripes extending to ocellar triangle; ocellar setae about 1.2 times as long as anterior fronto-orbital setae, and posterior fronto-orbital setae about 1.3 times as long as anterior fronto-orbital setae. Parafacial yellow and black inner margin, a row of black short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/7 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere about 1.9 times longer than high; arista dark brown, with longest ray as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow. Thorax (Fig. 38) yellow. Mesonotum with 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st post–sutural dorsocentral setae behind the transversal suture), acrostichal setulae in 6 rows. Legs mostly yellow, all femora pale brown to dark brown and all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 5 posterodorsall setae, 3 posteroventral setae and ctenidium with 13 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 3 anterior setae and 1 short apicoposterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterodorsal seta and 2 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterodorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 40) pale yellow, brown apical spot on R 2+3 separated from that on R 4+5, brown apical spot on R 4+5 and M 1 slightly fused, and upper margin of brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu fused with a brown rectangular median spot on R 4+5; subcostal cell pale brown at apex; 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 4.7:1.3:1; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.4; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/9. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 39) yellow, tergites 2–4 each with brown posterior margin while tergite 5 with pale brown posterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs 41−45): syntergosternite 7+8 circular with ventral bridge; epandrium broad with three pairs of dorsal setae; surstylus long subuliform in posterior view; hypandrium reverse U-shaped; pregonite broad triangular in ventral view while postgonite shorter than pregonite, with two teeth-like processes in lateral view; phallus with two pairs of sharp processes on apical half in ventral view while curved backward apically and sharp at apex in lateral view; phallapodeme shorter than phallus in lateral view. FEMALE. Body length 5.6–5.9 mm, wing length 5.2–5.6 mm. Type material. CHINA, Shaanxi Province: Holotype ♂ (IMAU), Foping County, Daguping, 1329.2 m, 24. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Paratypes (IMAU): 1♂, Foping County, Daguping, 1366.2 m, 22. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu; 1♂, Ningshan County, Xunyangba Town, Malaise trap, 1365 m, 13. VIII. 2013, Yuqiang Xi; 2♀♀, Foping County, Daguping, 1366.2 m, 22. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Remarks. The new species is similar to Homoneura (Homoneura) serrata Gao & Yang, 2002 from China. But the latter has three diagnoses: the longest ray of the arista is as long as height of 1st flagellomere and the abdomen is pale brown, and the surstylus is straight claviform in lateral view. It is also similar to Homoneura (Homoneura) longicurva sp. nov., but the latter’s surstylus is curved at apex. Etymology. Latin, longi -, meaning long + acutata, meaning sharp, referring to the surstylus being long and sharp at apex; a feminine adjective.Published as part of Gao, Xuefeng & Shi, Li, 2019, Nine new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling mountains in China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), pp. 401-432 in Zootaxa 4608 (3) on page 411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/377027
Accommodating Nomocharis in Lilium (Liliaceae)
No full textControversy regarding the status of the genus Nomocharis Franchet (1889: 113) has been undergoing since its recognition by Franchet (1889). Recent molecular studies (Nishikawa et al. 1999, Hayashi & Kawano 2000, Nishikawa et al. 2001, Ronsted et al. 2005, Peruzzi et al. 2009) have resolved Nomocharis as being nested within Lilium Linaeus (1753: 302). Results of our own previous studies (Gao et al. 2012, Gao et al. 2013a, Gao et al. 2013b), with expanded sampling of species of Nomocharis have been congruent with those of previous studies by others. Thus recognition of Nomocharis would render Lilium paraphyletic. We prefer to recognize a monophyletic Lilium here, although paraphyletic groups are sometimes advocated in literature (e.g., Brummitt, 2014; Ehrendorfer & Barfuss, 2014; George, 2014; Horandl, 2014; Stuessy & Horandl, 2014; Stuessy et al., 2014). Most recently, we proposed that the morphological divergence between Nomocharis and Lilium was the result of habitat specialization (Gao et al. 2015). The extensive introgression caused by hybridization within Lilium and Nomocharis (Gao et al. 2013a, 2015) supports a single-genus concept
Implementation of STEP Application Protocol 224 in an automated manufacturing planning system.
No full textThis paper reports the results of an on-going research project at Cranfield University in collaboration with a leading consultant company. A major objective of the research to develop a new generation process planning system using the latest tools and technologies, and to fully comply with the international standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP) Application Protocol 224 (AP224) for process planning using machining features. Although AP224 has been accepted as an international standard, there is a surprising lack of compatible software packages in the market. The developed prototype STEP-enabled manufacturing planning system (SMPS) can generate process plans and associated documents from AP224 files automatically, without any user interaction. The system consists of decision logic stored in an external database that makes it generic and compatible with any manufacturing application. A graphical tool is provided for knowledge/logic capture. The system can also accept a feature tree generated using the feature model editor (FME), which has been developed as an add-on to the system. The FME is intended to be a tool for conceptual design of simple components. The FME feature tree is used in the early design stage while the AP224 file generated from the detailed design model is used in the later stages. The prototype system is intended for single-piece machined (prismatic) parts and has been tested with case studies provided by the project collaborators
Study on the Mg-Li-Zn ternary alloy system with improved mechanical properties, good degradation performance and different responses to cells
No full textNovel Mg-(3.5, 6.5wt%)Li-(0.5, 2, 4wt%)Zn ternary alloys were developed as new kinds of biodegradable metallic materials with potential for stent application. Their mechanical properties, degradation behavior, cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility were studied. These potential biomaterials showed higher ultimate tensile strength than previously reported binary Mg-Li alloys and ternary Mg-Li-X (X=Al, Y, Ce, Sc, Mn and Ag) alloys. Among the alloys studied, the Mg-3.5Li-2Zn and Mg-6.5Li-2Zn alloys exhibited comparable corrosion resistance in Hank's solution to pure magnesium and better corrosion resistance in a cell culture medium than pure magnesium. Corrosion products observed on the corroded surface were composed of Mg(OH)2, MgCO3 and Ca-free Mg/P inorganics and Ca/P inorganics. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed different behaviors of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Human Aorta Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) to material extracts. HUVECs showed increasing nitric oxide (NO) release and tolerable toxicity, whereas VSMCs exhibited limited decreasing viability with time. Platelet adhesion, hemolysis and coagulation tests of these Mg-Li-Zn alloys showed different degrees of activation behavior, in which the hemolysis of the Mg-3.5Li-2Zn alloy was lower than 5%. These results indicated the potential of the Mg-Li-Zn alloys as good candidate materials for cardiovascular stent applications. Statement of significance: Mg-Li alloys are promising as absorbable metallic biomaterials, which however have not received significant attention since the low strength, controversial corrosion performance and the doubts in Li toxicity. The Mg-Li-Zn alloy in the present study revealed much improved mechanical properties higher than most reported binary Mg-Li and ternary Mg-Li-X alloys, with superior corrosion resistance in cell culture media. Surprisingly, the addition of Li and Zn showed increased nitric oxide release. The present study indicates good potential of Mg-Li-Zn alloy as absorbable cardiovascular stent material.Accepted Author ManuscriptBiomaterials & Tissue Biomechanic
Prosyntexis antennata Li, Shih & T. Gao 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Prosyntexis antennata</i> Li, Shih & T. Gao sp. nov. <p>(Figs 8, 9)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: CNU-HYM-MA2015107, a male specimen. Most of body preserved except left antenna broken and with apex lost, and left forewing broken.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name <i>antennata</i> is derived from the Latin word <i>antennatus</i> referring to the long antennae.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The new species is unique within <i>Prosyntexis</i> in having cu-a behind the fork of M+Cu in the hind wing (hind wings not preserved or very incomplete in <i>P</i>. <i>gouleti</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>gobiensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>montsecensis</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>aristovi</i>). It also differs from other species, except for <i>P</i>. <i>aristovi</i>, in having a short and thin Sc in the forewing; and distinguished from <i>P</i>. <i>aristovi</i> by short 3-M (3r-m and 2m-cu approaching).</p> <p> <b>Locality and horizon.</b> Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, northern Myanmar; lowermost Cenomanian, mid-Cretaceous.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body about 6.51 mm long in lateral view, antenna 8.31 mm long in lateral view; forewing about 5.89 mm in length, maximum width 2.56 mm; hind wing about 4.31 mm in length, maximum width 1.82 mm (Fig. 8A, B).</p> <p>Head 0.60 mm long and 0.68 mm height in lateral view, slightly small and subquadrate. Compound eyes slightly large and preserved in a shrunken state. In lateral view maxillary palpus with six palpomeres, palpomere I short and thick; palpomere II 0.33 mm long and swelled apically; palpomere III elongate and almost 0.71 mm long; palpomere IV 0.46 mm long; palpomere V 0.43 mm long and palpomere VI 0.44 mm. Labial palpus with two palpomeres with inflated last segment (Fig. 9C). Antenna elongate and filiform with 16 segments; scape 0.30 mm long, maximum width 0.12 mm; pedicel 0.42 mm long, maximum width 0.16 mm, slightly swollen apically; flagellomere I longer than scape and pedicel, 0.81 mm long, 0.15 mm wide, flagellomere II 0.74 mm long, 0.12 mm wide, as wide as individual widths of remaining flagellomeres (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>Thorax with membranous medial depression in the mesonotum bordered laterally by strong striate surfaces (Fig. 9D). Legs slender, profemur slightly longer than protibia; metafemur length 1.21 mm, metatibia 1.55 mm long, maximum width 0.22 mm. Single protibial spur, cleft apically (Fig. 9F); mesotibia with two apical spurs (Fig. 9G); metatibia with two apical spurs (smaller spur thick and less than half length of larger spur) (Fig. 9H). Tarsi pentamerous, basitarsomere long but shorter than remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsomere V not elongate; pretarsal claws short, with curved apices and additional inner teeth (Fig. 9I).</p> <p>Forewing (Fig. 8C) with C strongly thickened; costal space obviously narrow, slightly enlarged at middle; Sc short and thin, appearing like a crossvein before origin of Rs; 1-Rs slanted toward wing apex and twice as long as 1-M; pterostigma long and broad, oblong and 3.5× as long as wide with center translucent; M+Cu bent basally. 2-Rs+M especially short; junction of 2-Rs, 2-Rs+M and 2+3-M very weak; 1r-rs connected to pterostigma at its base and slightly shorter than section of Rs between 1r-rs and 2r-rs; 2r-rs issuing from 1/4 of pterostigma and at two-fifth of 2+3rm length; 2rs-m absent; 3-M short and 0.3× as long as 2m-cu. Cell 1mcu subquadrate, about 2.4× as long as wide; cell 2mcu hexagonal, about 2× as long as wide. 2A+3A wavy medially. Aberrant vein extending from 4-Cu near 2m-cu of left forewing, towards posterior margin of the wing (Fig. 8C).</p> <p>Hind wing (Fig. 8C) with basal and distal hamuli present (no intermediate ones found); cell r close; Sc+R present; 1-Rs about 1.08 mm in length, nearly 1.7× as long as 1-M; 1rs-m about 0.30 mm in length, proclival and short; 1-M bent; 2rs-m, 3rs-m and 1m-cu absent; terminal abscissa of Cu and cu-a well-developed; 1-Cu and cu-a straight, 1-Cu especially short and nearly 0.2× as long as cu-a in left hind wing; right hind wing lacking 1-Cu (cu-a coinciding with M+Cu fork).</p> <p>Abdomen with nine distinguishable segments in lateral view. Male genitalia (Fig. 9E) narrow, with gonostyle slender and about 0.36 mm long; cercus about 0.24 mm long.</p>Published as part of <i>LI, XIAO-QIN, RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., GAO, JIA, ZHANG, YAN-JIE, SHIH, CHUNG-KUN, REN, DONG, ZHAO, YUN-YUN & GAO, TAI-PING, 2023, New taxa of Sepulcidae (Hymenoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, pp. 133-145 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2)</i> on pages 140-142, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7928967">http://zenodo.org/record/7928967</a>
Prosyntexis aristovi Li, Shih & T. Gao 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Prosyntexis aristovi</i> Li, Shih & T. Gao sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1, 2)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: CNU-HYM-MA2015105, male specimen. Most of body preserved, but major parts of head and mesonotum obscured by inclusions in ventral view. Left forewing and left and right hind wings folded over abdomen obscuring abdomen dorsally.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name “ <i>aristovi</i> ” is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr Daniil Sergeevich Aristov, for his outstanding contribution to palaeoentomological research.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The new species is unique within <i>Prosyntexis</i> in having 2+3A widely interrupted before the cu-a crossvein. It also differs from other species in having a short and thin crossvein-like Sc in the forewing.</p> <p> <b>Locality and horizon.</b> Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, northern Myanmar; lowermost Cenomanian, mid-Cretaceous.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body about 4.91 mm long, antenna 7.86 mm long in dorsal view; forewing about 4.66 mm in length, maximum width 2.08 mm (Fig 1A, B).</p> <p>Head nearly 0.93 mm wide and 0.67 mm long, rather large and subquadrate. Compound eyes rather small and oval. In ventral view, maxillary palpus with at least five palpomeres; labial palpus indiscernible. Antenna elongate and filiform with 16 segments; scape 0.22 mm long, maximum width 0.14 mm, slightly swollen apically; pedicel 0.40 mm long, maximum width 0.10 mm, slightly swollen apically and thinner than scape; flagellomere I longer than scape and pedicel 0.77 mm long, 0.10 mm wide; flagellomere II 0.76 mm long, 0.09 mm wide, as wide as individual widths of remaining flagellomeres (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>Thorax only partially visible with a deep medial membranous depression in the mesonotum bordered laterally by strong striate surfaces (Fig. 2C). Legs spindly, meso- and metafemur thicker than associated tibiae; metafemur length 0.95 mm, metatibia 1.50 mm long, maximum width 0.07 mm. Protibia with one apical spur (Fig. 2E), mesotibia with two apical spurs (Fig. 2F), metatibia with two apical spurs (the smaller spur thick, less than half length of larger spur) (Fig. 2G); basitarsomere long but shorter than remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsomere V not elongate; pretarsal claws short, with curved apices and additional inner teeth (Fig. 2D).</p> <p>Forewing (Fig. 1C) with C strongly thickened; R greatly thickened before base of Rs; basal third of costal space narrowed; crossvein-like Sc short and thin, appearing just before origin of Rs; 1-Rs slanted toward wing apex and 1.4× as long as 1-M; pterostigma broad, oblong and 3× as long as wide with center slightly translucent; 1-M+Cu bent basally; 2-M+Cu exceptionally short, nearly 0.05 mm long, scarcely present owing to the proximal position of cu-a near the origin of 1-Cu. 2- Rs+M short and 1/5× as long as 1-Rs+M; end of 2-Rs weakened; 1r-rs connected to pterostigma at its base and nearly as long as section of Rs between 1r-rs and 2r-rs; 2r-rs issuing from 1/4 of pterostigma and at 1/3 of 2+3rm length; 2rs-m absent; 3-M slightly shorter than 3rs-m. Cell 1mcu subquadrate, about 2× as long as wide; cell 2mcu hexagonal, about 1.5× as long as wide. 2+3A widely interrupted before 1a-2a. Hind wing with cell r closed, other parts indiscernible. Abdomen visible only ventrally, with hypopygium triangular with widely rounded apex; male genitalia not exerted, with only narrow gonocoxa partly visible.</p>Published as part of <i>LI, XIAO-QIN, RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., GAO, JIA, ZHANG, YAN-JIE, SHIH, CHUNG-KUN, REN, DONG, ZHAO, YUN-YUN & GAO, TAI-PING, 2023, New taxa of Sepulcidae (Hymenoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, pp. 133-145 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2)</i> on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7928967">http://zenodo.org/record/7928967</a>
Homoneura (Homoneura) gaotangensis Gao & Shi 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHomoneura (Homoneura) gaotangensis Gao & Shi sp. nov. (Figs 1−11) Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Hua County, Gaotangzhen, 859 m, 8.VII.2013, Lei Zhang. Paratype. ♂ (IMAU), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. (H.) separata Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2002, but the latter has the following features: wing without brown transverse stripe on base of M 1, lower margin of dm-cu without brown extended spot, and surstylus short and broad at apex. Description. Male. Body length 3.6−3.7 mm, wing length 3.6−3.7 mm. Head (Figs 2−3) yellow. Frons about 1.5 times longer than wide. Inner vertical seta, anterior fronto-orbital seta and posterior fronto-orbital seta missing. Parafacial yellow with a row of short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/9 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere 2.0 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, plumose, with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow. Palpus yellow with brown apex. Thorax (Figs 1, 4) yellow. Mesonotum with a pair of brown middle stripes and a pair of brown lateral stripes, brown middle stripes extending beyond the second dorsal seta and then becoming a pale brown rectangular spot; 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st postsutural dorsocentral seta behind transverse suture), acrostichal setae in 6 rows. Scutellum with brown median broad stripe. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 3 posterior dorsal setae, 2 posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 9 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 6 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 strong apicoventral seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 anterior ventral seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 6) hyaline with several brown spots: one round spot present between r-m and subapical spot on R 4+5 slightly fused with subapical spot on R 2+3, both subapical spots on R 2+3 and R 4+5 extending upward to wing margin; preapical spot on M 1 separated from subapical spot on R 4+5; crossvein r-m and dmcu surrounded by a cloudy spot; a transverse stripe on base of M 1 and brown base of CuA 1; subcostal cell pale brown; costa with 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 3.9:1.9:1; crossvein r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.9; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/11. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1, 5) yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 7−11): syntergosternite 7+8 semicircular with long arms; epandrium broad, surstylus originated from anterior ventral corner, longer in lateral view and sharp at apex in posterior view; hypandrium narrow and stripe-like, hypandrial apodeme small; postgonite slender and sharp at apex; phallus broad columniform in lateral view; phallapodeme shorter than phallus. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The new species is named after collecting locality Gaotang.Published as part of Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng & Shi, Li, 2019, Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), pp. 146-157 in Zoological Systematics 44 (2) on pages 147-150, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910, http://zenodo.org/record/536689
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