15,635 research outputs found
Location of facial landmarks chr, chl, ls, and li in the 3D rendering window presented in OsiriX.
No full textLocation of facial landmarks chr, chl, ls, and li in the 3D rendering window presented in OsiriX.</p
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Li-Substituted Layered Spinel Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
No full textThe
O3-type layered Na(NixFeyMnz)O2 (0
x, y, z < 1) cathode materials have attracted
great interest in sodium ion batteries due to the abundance and cost
of raw materials and their high specific capacities. However, the
cycling stability and rate capability at high voltages (> 4.0 V)
of
these materials remain an issue. In this work, we successfully synthesized
a Li-substituted layered-tunneled (O3-spinel) intergrowth cathode
(LS-NFM) to address these issues. The remarkable structural compatibility
and connectivity of the two phases were confirmed by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The LS-NFM electrode reached
a discharge capacity of 96 mAh g–1 with a capacity
retention of 86% after 100 cycles at a current rate of 100 mA g–1 in a voltage window of 2.0–4.2 V. Moreover,
the LS-NFM cathode exhibited an enhanced rate capability in comparison
to the undoped single-phased layered cathode (NFM). The enhanced
rate capability of LS-NFM can be explained by the significantly increased
effective Na+ diffusivity measured by the galvanostatic
intermittent titration technique (GITT) compared to the undoped control
NFM cathode, which can be ascribed to the improved charge transport
kinetics through shortened diffusion path by direct connection between
the 3D channels in the spinel phase and 2D channels in the layered
phase. The results from ex situ hard/soft X-ray adsorption
spectroscopy (XAS) suggest that the capacity of the LS-NFM cathode
is mainly associated with the Ni2+/Ni4+ redox
couple and slightly from the Fe3+/Fe4+ redox
couple. The voltage profile of the LS-NFM cathode exhibits a reversible
plateau above 4.0 V, indicating great stability at high voltages and
structural stabilization by the spinel phase. In addition to the substitution
of various transition metals, or the modification of the stoichiometry
of each transition metal, this study provides a new strategy to improve
electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials for sodium
ion batteries
LS-MolGen: Ligand-and-Structure Dual-Driven Deep Reinforcement Learning for Target-Specific Molecular Generation Improves Binding Affinity and Novelty
No full textDeep learning-based molecular generative models have
garnered considerable
interest in the field of de novo drug design. However, most extant
models focus on either ligand-based or structure-based strategies,
thereby failing to effectively harness the combined knowledge derived
from both ligands and the structure of the binding target. In this
article, we introduce LS-MolGen, a novel ligand and structure-integrated
molecular generative model. This model synergistically combines representation
learning, transfer learning, and reinforcement learning. The targeted
knowledge assimilation from transfer learning, coupled with an advanced
exploration strategy in reinforcement learning, empowers LS-MolGen
to efficiently generate novel and high-affinity molecules efficiently.
The comparable performance of our model is affirmed through multiple
evaluations, including EGFR, DRD3, CDK2, AA2AR, ADRB2, and a dedicated
case study of inhibitor design for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The results indicate
that LS-MolGen performs better than other ligand-based or structure-based
generative models in de novo designing promising compounds with novel
scaffolds and high binding affinity. This proof-of-concept study signifies
the potential of our ligand- and structure-based generative model,
LS-MolGen, as a promising new tool for target-specific molecular generation
and drug design
Oligostilbenes from Vitis heyneana
No full textA novel tetrastilbene, heyneanol A, was isolated from stems of Vitis heyneana together with the previously known ampelopsin C, ampelopsin A and (+)-epsilon-viniferin. Its complex polycyclic structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses
Auditory fear memory retrieval requires BLA-LS and LS-VMH circuitries via GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons
No full textAbstract Fear and associated learning and memory are critical for developing defensive behavior. Excessive fear and anxiety are important components of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the neurobiology of fear conditioning, especially tone-related fear memory retrieval, has not been clearly defined, which limits specific intervention development for patients with excessive fear and anxiety. Here, we show that auditory fear memory retrieval stimuli activate multiple brain regions including the lateral septum (LS). Inhibition of the LS and the connection between basolateral amygdala (BLA) and LS or between LS and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) attenuates tone-related fear conditioning and memory retrieval. Inhibiting GABAergic neurons or dopaminergic neurons in the LS also attenuates tone-related fear conditioning. Our data further show that fear conditioning is inhibited by blocking orexin B signaling in the LS. Our results indicate that the neural circuitries BLA–LS and LS-VMH are critical for tone-related fear conditioning and memory retrieval, and that GABAergic neurons, dopaminergic neurons and orexin signaling in the LS participate in this auditory fear conditioning
Author Attributions in Medieval Text Collections: An Exploration
No full textThis article examines the role and function of author attributions in multi-text manuscripts containing Dutch, English, French or German short verse narratives. The findings represent one strand of the investigations undertaken by the cross-European project ‘The Dynamics of the Medieval Manuscript’, which analysed the dissemination of short verse narratives and the principles of organisation underlying the compilation of text collections. Whilst short verse narratives are more commonly disseminated anonymously, there are manuscripts in which authorship is repeatedly attributed to a text or corpus. Through six case studies, this article explores medieval concepts of authorship and how they relate to constructions of authority, whether regarding an empirical figure or a literary construction. In addition, it looks at how authorship plays a role in manuscript compilation, and at the effects of attributions (by author and/or compiler) on reception. The case studies include manuscripts from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, produced in a range of social and cultural contexts, and featuring some of the most important European authors of short verse narratives: Rutebeuf, Baudouin de Condé, Der Striker, Konrad von Würzberg, Willem of Hildegaersberch, and Geoffrey Chaucer. The preliminary findings contribute to our understanding of author attributions in text collections from across northern Europe and point towards future lines of enquiry into the role of authorship in medieval textual dissemination
Measured vs. predicted values of calibration and prediction by CARS-LS-SVM and SPA-LS-SVM models, respectively.
No full text(a): CARS-LS-SVM-ΔL*; (b): CARS-LS-SVM-Δa*; (c): CARS-LS-SVM-Δb*; (d): SPA-LS-SVM-ΔL*; e): SPA-LS-SVM-Δa*; (f): SPA-LS-SVM-Δb*.</p
The clitic li at the syntax-phonology interface: An experimentally informed account.
No full textAmong Serbo-Croatian (SC) clitics, the interrogative li seems to be unique in showing a peculiar type of sensitivity with respect to the type of host it cliticizes (on)to. Whereas li is unproblematically hosted by a finite verb, when hosted by an l-participle, the outputs are treated as fully ungrammatical. Be it in syntax or in phonology, current accounts in the literature overgenerate by predicting the ungrammatical constructions to be grammatical, and undergenerate by predicting grammatical outputs in SC to be ungrammatical. Moreover, native speakers’ judgements regarding the l-participle li construction suggest a more gradient judgment than standardly assumed in the literature. We present results of a large-scale experiment undertaken not only because of the unclarities regarding the acceptability judgments we encountered for l-participle li, but, first and foremost, because of the lack of prior empirical investigations or established baseline of acceptability in the domain that has, otherwise, been a prolific and important domain for theorizing in SC. On the theoretical side, we argue that the crux of the solution is not due to the defectiveness of li (as previously argued), but due to the [-finite] nature of participles. Testing our hypothesis against the data obtained in a systematic manner, we further demonstrate that the gradedness in (un)grammaticality judgments are accounted for by analyzing the interplay as well as the tensions that arise at the syntax-phonology interface
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