1,723,563 research outputs found
National burden estimates of hospitalisations for acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in 2019: the Burden of Influenza and RSV Disease (BIRD) study
No full text# Abstract #
## Background ##
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the predominant viral pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children under five years of age (<5y). Little is reported on the national estimates of RSV-ALRI hospital admissions in <5y based on robust RSV epidemiology data.
## Methods ##
We included data on RSV and ALRI hospital admission in <5y from systematic literature reviews (including unpublished data) and from clinical databases. We used two different methods, namely the rate-based method and the proportion-based method, to estimate national RSV-ALRI admissions in <5y in the year 2019 among countries with robust data. The rate-based method synthesized data on laboratory-confirmed RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rates using a spatiotemporal Gaussian process meta-regression (ST-GPR). The proportion-based method applied data on RSV positive proportions among ALRI to all-cause ALRI admission envelopes using a Bayesian regularized trimmed meta-regression (MR-BRT). Where applicable, we reported estimates by both methods in order to provide a plausible range for each included country.
## Findings ##
A total of 334 studies and 1985 data points from 58 countries were included in the analysis, accounting for 58% of the <5y population worldwide. The number of the annual national RSV-ALRI hospitalisations in <5y ranged from 0·06 thousand (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0·02–0·14) in Iceland to 936·29 thousand (95% CI: 261·23–2151·83) in China. Despite great variation among countries, a high proportion of <5 of RSV-ALRI hospitalisations were in infants <1y in all countries (median proportion: 46%, interquartile range: 32–57). In most (76%) years, RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rate fluctuated between 80% and 120% of the country’s median yearly rate. General agreement was observed between estimates by the rate method and proportion method, with a few exceptions in India, Kenya, Norway and Philippines. The estimates by the rate-based method and by the proportion-based method could be extrapolated to a global estimate of 4·1 million (95% CI: 3·8–4·5) and 2·7 million 95% CI: 1·7–5·2) RSV-ALRI hospitalisations in <5y, respectively.
## Interpretation ##
By incorporating data from various sources, our study provides robust estimates on the national burden of RSV-ALRI admissions in <5y. These estimates are important for informing policy for introduction of RSV immunisations and also serve as baseline data for assessing the effectiveness of implementing RSV immunisation programmes.
## Funding ##
The Foundation for Influenza Epidemiolog
Data extraction sheet for the systematic review of VARI-PD
No full textPneumococcal disease (PD) is a major cause of communicable disease burden globally. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies suggest viral acute respiratory infection (VARI) can predispose to pneumococcal infection. Evidence from population-based studies is conflicting, possibly due to a variety of methodological challenges and problems in these studies. We conducted a systematic review of population-based studies that analysed the association between preceding seasonal VARI and subsequent PD. In the current dataset, methods and findings were summarised for each included study in Sheet 2; additionally, reasons for exclusion were given in Sheet 1
Global seasonality of human seasonal coronaviruses
No full textBackground
It is speculated that the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus could recur as seasonal outbreaks, a circulating pattern observed among other pre-existing human seasonal coronaviruses (sCoV). However, little is known about the seasonality of these sCoVs on a global scale.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of existing data on the seasonality of human sCoV, including NL63, 229E, OC43 and HKU1. We searched four English databases and three Chinese databases for relevant publications between 1st January 2020 and 15th April 2020. We also searched online surveillance datasets and preprints. We extracted weekly or monthly number of sCoV from included studies and calculated the monthly annual average percentage (AAP) as the relative strength of virus activity. We compared the seasonality of sCoV with that of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus that we previously reported. We further modelled the monthly activity of sCoV using site-specific temperature, relative humidity and dew point
Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2019: a systematic analysis
No full textThis dataset provides the aggregated data on RSV morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. The data were collected from a systematic literature review and from a global collaboration network named RSV GEN that shares unpublished RSV epidemiology data. The associated core R codes are also provided
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
No full textBackground
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the most important causes of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in young children. We assessed the severity of RSV-ALRI in children less than 5 years old with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Methods
We searched for studies using EMBASE, Global Health, and MEDLINE. We assessed hospitalization risk, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital case fatality (hCFR) among children with BPD compared with those without (non-BPD). We compared the (1) length of hospital stay (LOS) and (2) duration of oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation between the groups.
This dataset contains the full extraction records of the literature review
Regulation of mammalian mRNA decapping
No full textThe modulation of mRNA degradation plays a critical role for regulation of gene expression. A major mRNA decay pathway in mammals proceeding from the 5' to 3' end is initiated with shortening of 3' poly (A) tail, followed by the cleavage of the 5' cap structure (decapping) and degradation of the mRNA body by the Xrn1 exoribonuclease. Dcp2 is a well characterized mRNA decapping enzyme. It is an RNA binding protein that must bind the RNA in order to recognize the cap for hydrolysis. We identified mRNAs bound by human Dcp2 by coimmunoprecipitation and microarray analysis. Further biochemical assays identified a sequence element of 60 nucleotides at the 5´ terminus of the mRNA encoding Rrp41 as a specific Dcp2 substrate which could specifically bind Dcp2 protein and enhance Dcp2 decapping. Mutational analysis of this element revealed a stable stem-loop structure (termed DBDE) contained in the first 33 nucleotides is critical for Dcp2 decapping stimulation. A bioinformatic search was carried out to identify a subset of mRNAs that have a comparable stem-loop structure at the 5′ end as potential Dcp2 substrates. We identified a second cytoplasmic mRNA decapping enzyme Nudt16 in mammalian cells and established stable MEF cells that contained reduced level of Dcp2 and/or Nudt16 protein. Using these MEF cells, we demonstrated the distinct roles for Dcp2 and Nudt16 in nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), ARE-mediated decay and miRNA mediated gene silencing. Our results indicated that NMD preferentially utilizes Dcp2 rather than Nudt16; Dcp2 and Nudt16 are redundant in miRNA mediated silencing; and Dcp2 and Nudt16 are differentially utilized for ARE-mRNA decay. At last, we demonstrated that anti-viral immune response was regulated by Dcp2 in mouse embryonic fibroblast. In MEF cells lacking Dcp2 protein, interferon-mediated anti-viral response was significantly elevated. We identified IRF7, a crucial transcription factor in anti-viral immunity, as the direct target of Dcp2. Knockdown of Dcp2 led to stabilization of IRF7 mRNA and increased IRF7 protein level. Therefore, Dcp2 functions as a negative regulator of interferon-mediated anti-viral immunity. Interestingly, Dcp2 expression is also induced in virus infection, suggesting a negative feedback loop in the anti-viral immune response.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby You L
Burden of RSV-associated ALRI in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
No full textIntroduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) with significant childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among those with underlying diseases such as congenital heart disease (CHD). Estimates reporting RSV-ALRI severity in children with CHD are lacking, thus warranting the need to summarize the available data.
Objectives: The aim of the current project was to identify relevant studies, to summarize the findings, and to conduct a meta-analysis of available data on RSV-associated ALRI hospitalizations in children under five years of age with underlying CHD compared to those without.
Methods: Two authors conducted a systematic search of existing relevant literature. The populations of interest were hospitalized children less than five years old with RSV-associated ALRI and CHD (CHDRSV) and the comparison group was cases of RSV-associated ALRI hospitalizations without CHD (non-CHDRSV). We summarized the data and conducted a random effects meta-analysis for outcomes reported by two or more studies using median, mean difference, risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR), and incidence rate ratio (IRR)
Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis
No full textBackground: Influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and metapneumovirus (MPV) are the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory infections in young children and the elderly. A global report of the monthly activity of these viruses is needed to inform public health strategies and programmes for their control.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of population-based studies supplemented by online data and unpublished research data reporting seasonality of IFV, RSV, PIV, and MPV. We calculated monthly annual average percentage (AAP) as the relative strength of virus activity. We defined duration of epidemics as the minimum number of months to account for 75% of annual positive samples, with each component month defined as an epidemic month. Furthermore, we modelled monthly AAP of IFV and RSV using site-specific temperature and relative humidity for the prediction of local average epidemic months. We also predicted global epidemic months of IFV and RSV on a 5° by 5° grid.
The dataset contains the global seasonality of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. The data dictionary can be found in the second sheet of the excel file. R codes can be found in the word file.
Funding: European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU)The dataset contains the global seasonality of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. The data dictionary can be found in the second sheet of the excel file. R codes can be found in the word file
- …
