784 research outputs found
How to classify microclimates more validly and finely? A novel method for mapping local climate zone (LCZ) on micro-scales
No full textGlobal climate change and rapid urbanization are driving microclimate variations in urban areas, intensifying the formation of urban heat islands (UHIs) vulnerable to extreme weather. The local climate zone (LCZ) framework, using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), has advanced with the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT), enabling microclimate understanding for improved urban planning and climate adaptation. However, mapping LCZs at the micro-scale relies on locally available GIS data or RS imagery, data gaps, authenticity issues, and low-resolution imagery often lead to inaccurate microclimate classifications. To enhance the validity and sophistication of microclimate classification, this study introduces a novel method for mapping LCZ using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry at the micro-scale (LCZ-UAV-MS), which constructs detailed land use and land cover (LULC) and 3D real scene (3DRS) models, calculates urban surface parameters (USPs) for each basic spatial unit (BSU) through spatial statistical analysis, and employs a decision-making classifier to categorize each BSU. This study validates the proposed method using Gulangyu as the study area, employing image overlay, temperature observation, and expert knowledge, with the following results: 1) Spatial percentage showing 51 % natural environments (LCZ A, B, C, and D), 27 % neutral environments (LCZ 7, 8, 9, 10, and Y), and 22 % built environments (LCZ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) in Gulangyu. 2) The variance in mean LST across different LCZs was 1.02 in January and 5.18 in August 2024, with temperature differences more pronounced in summer, where the built environment had a higher mean LST of 41.3 °C compared to 35.2 °C in the natural environment and 38.3 °C in the neutral environment. 3) Field research at 22 random sample sites showed that 95 % of LCZ-UAV-MS classifications matched the field, outperforming WUDAPT LCZ, which matched only 10 %. These demonstrate that the LCZ-UAV-MS accurately captures microclimate temperature variations and provides a more precise micro-scale description than the WUDAPT LCZ. This study bridges the gap of LCZ studies in specific regions and scales, enhances the applicability of the LCZ framework at the micro-scale, and provides technical support for urban blue-green infrastructure management and resilient climate design strategies
Highly efficient macrocycle and cage formation via hindered urea chemistry
No full textU of I OnlyDynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is a powerful tool that enables the synthesis of novel macrocycles, molecular cages, knots and frameworks, as well as the development of dynamic polymeric materials with unique properties. Hindered urea bond (HUB), a newly developed DCC, has found applications in dynamic materials designs such as self-healing, malleable, shape-memory or environmentally-adaptive materials. However, despite of the intensive research, study of this new, facile dynamic chemistry is still in its infancy. The potential of HUB in the formation of discrete structures in small molecular level is largely overlooked and not demonstrated. What’s more, a turning-off mechanism for HUB was not found which can severally limit the applications of HUB-based materials. Here we report the discovery of acid-assisted de-tert-butylation reaction that can instantly “turn off” the dynamicity of HUB, leading to improved chemical stabilities and mechanical properties of HUB-containing materials. We also demonstrated the use of dynamic HUB for the construction of urea macrocycles with very high efficiency. The bulky N-tert-butyl plays key roles to facilitate the formation of macrocycles, providing not only the kinetic control due to the formation of the cyclization-promoting cis C=O/tert-butyl conformation, but also possibly the thermodynamic stabilization of macrocycles with weak association interactions. Building upon the macrocyclization mechanism, we demonstrated that HUB can function as efficient cyclization enabling motif for cyclic peptides. Beyond macrocycles, HUB was also utilized to efficiently construct a series of structures with different topologies as well as urea cages, which were demonstrated to be able to separate important petrochemicals such as pyridine/toluene and benzene/cyclohexane.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Yingfeng Yang, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-09 at 04:30.The student, Yingfeng Yang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-09 at 05:03.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-14 at 15:30.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16816 on 2022-01-12 at 12:54:04Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Research on Three Dimensional Reconstruction of the Ancient Building Based on Images
No full textInternational audienceThree dimensional reconstruction of ancient building using the theory of computer vision is one of the main ways to protect, promote and disseminate the value of ancient building. Due to there exist some shortcomings in the current digitization process of ancient building, such as large-scale scene reconstruction algorithm is complex and the accuracy is low, we present a three dimensional reconstruction approach to point cloud of ancient building based on multiple view images. The proposed approach uses an ordinary digital camera to capture multiple images of the ancient building to be reconstructed, takes advantage of affine decomposition principle to calculate the depth information of SIFT feature point on the ancient building with no damage and convenient operation. Through three dimensional reconstructing of the shape of the Tengwang Pavilion lying in Nanchang city, one of the three famous pavilions in the south of Yangtze River in China, to verify the validity of the proposed approach
La Traducción chino-español de las metáforas sobre Relaciones de Género en la novela Wei Cheng (围城): un estudio desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso
No full textWei Cheng (围城 ), una de las obras literarias más importantes de la China moderna, es ampliamente conocida por su estilo sarcástico y el uso de abundantes metáforas. Mediante un estudio de la traducción chino-español de las metáforas sobre las relaciones de género en esta novela, pretendemos indagar las ideas, actitudes y valores al respecto y su representación en la versión española, La fortaleza asediada. Para lograr este objetivo, se utiliza un MIPVU (Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit) modificado para identificar las metáforas lingüísticas en cuestión en forma de palabras y frases. Además, orientado por el Discourse Dynamics Framework (DDF), se establece un modelo de análisis multifacético para el análisis cualitativo de estas metáforas y sus traducciones, examinando las dimensiones semántica, cognitiva, afectiva y contextual (i.e., social, cultural e histórica). Los resultados muestran que, en general, las 119 metáforas sobre las relaciones de género en Wei Cheng presentan diferentes puntos de vista entre los sexos y la inversión de poder. Asimismo, exponen las dificultades que cada género enfrentaba en la sociedad china con profundos cambios en la primera mitad del siglo pasado. En la versión española, a pesar de haber una leve mitigación de la actitud denigrante hacia las mujeres debido al cambio de algunas de las metáforas en la dimensión semántica y cognitiva, se han representado los dos pares de conflictos entrelazados en la sociedad china en los años treinta del siglo XX: entre las mujeres y los hombres, y entre la modernidad y la tradición. Reivindicando la importancia de la interrelación de las diferentes dimensiones de la metáfora en el discurso, este estudio ha integrado sistemáticamente el enfoque dinámico del discurso y los estudios traductológicos de la metáfora, de tal modo, aporta innovadoramente una perspectiva discursiva a este campo y plantea un método efectivo y viable para su análisis.Wei Cheng (围城 ), one of the most important literary works of modern China, is widely known for its sarcastic style and the use of abundant metaphors. Through a study of the Chinese-Spanish translation of the metaphors for gender relations in this novel, we aim to examine the ideas, attitudes and values in this regard and their representation in the Spanish version, La fortaleza asediada. To achieve this goal, a modified MIPVU (Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit) is used to identify the relevant linguistic metaphors in the form of words and phrases. Furthermore, guided by the Discourse Dynamics Framework (DDF), a multilayered analysis model is established for the qualitative analysis of these metaphors and their translations, examining their semantic, cognitive, affective and contextual (i.e., social, cultural and historical) dimensions. The results show that, in general, the 119 metaphors for gender relations in Wei Cheng present different views between the sexes and the inversion of power. They also expose the difficulties that each gender faced in the profoundly changing Chinese society in the first half of the last century. In the Spanish version, although there is a slight mitigation of the denigrating attitude towards women due to the change of some of the metaphors in the semantic and cognitive dimension, the two pairs of intertwined conflicts in Chinese society in the 1930s have been represented: between women and men, and between modernity and tradition. Claiming the importance of the interrelation of the different dimensions of metaphor in discourse, this study has systematically integrated the dynamic discourse approach and metaphor translation studies, thereby innovatively bringing a discursive perspective to the field and putting forward an effective and feasible method for its analysis.Wei Cheng (围城 ), una de les obres literàries més importants de la Xina moderna, és àmpliament coneguda pel seu estil sarcàstic i l'ús d'abundants metàfores. Mitjançant un estudi de la traducció xinès-espanyol de les metàfores d’acord a les relacions de gènere en aquesta novel·la, pretenem indagar les idees, actituds i valors sobre això i la seva representació a la versió espanyola, La fortaleza asediada. Per assolir aquest objectiu, es fa servir un MIPVU (Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit) modificat per identificar les metàfores lingüístiques en qüestió en forma de paraules i frases. A més, orientat pel Discourse Dynamics Framework (DDF), s'estableix un model d'anàlisi multifacètic per a l'anàlisi qualitatiiu d'aquestes metàfores i les seves traduccions, i examina les dimensions semàntica, cognitiva, afectiva i contextual (i.e., social, cultural i històrica). Els resultats mostren que, en general, les 119 metàfores per a les relacions de gènere a Wei Cheng presenten diferents punts de vista entre els sexes i la inversió de poder. Així mateix, exposen les dificultats que cada gènere enfrontava a la societat xinesa amb profunds canvis a la primera meitat del segle passat. A la versió espanyola, malgrat haver-hi una lleu mitigació de l'actitud denigrant envers les dones a causa del canvi d'algunes de les metàfores en la dimensió semàntica i cognitiva, s'han representat els dos parells de conflictes entrellaçats a la societat xinesa als anys trenta del segle XX: entre les dones i els homes, i entre la modernitat i la tradición. Reivindicant la importància de la interrelació de les diferents dimensions de la metàfora en el discurs, aquest estudi ha integrat sistemàticament l'enfocament dinàmic del discurs i els estudis traductològics de la metàfora, de manera que aporta innovadorament una perspectiva discursiva a aquest camp i planteja un mètode efectiu i viable per analitzar-los.Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatg
Incorporating Pendent Fullerenes with High Refractive Index Backbones: A Conjunction Effect Method for High Refractive Index Polymers
No full textTo achieve high refractive index polymers (HRIPs), we report here the design and synthesis of four fullerene polyesters (P1-P4), based on the conjunction effect from the high refractive index polyester backbones and pendent fullerene side chains. At sodium D line (589 nrn), the refractive indices of the fullerene polyesters are all higher than 1.80, the used believed upper limitation of intrinsic organic polymers. To achieve precise pendent fullerene structure, these polyesters were synthesized via condensation polymerization by a fullerene diol with different aromatic diacyl chlorides, where the diacyl chlorides with high molar refraction increment value moiety were selected by molecular tailoring according to Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The fullerene polyesters are characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and the molecular weights are obtained by a quantitative NMR technique with end-group estimation. The formation of fullerene polyesters is also proved by the H-1 DOSY NMR results. These fullerene polyesters have good solubility in some common organic solvents, good thermal stability up to 320 degrees C, and film forming ability. All these films have good adhesion to glass sheets with relatively good hardness. Among them, the thiophene-containing fullerene polyesters (P1) has the best optical properties, with the highest refractive index value (1.86 at 589 nm), one of the highest value for intrinsic organic polymers, and the highest Abbe number (27.9)
Determining Major Causes of Highway Work Zone Accidents in Kansas, Phase II
No full textThe work zones on the United States highway system have created an inevitable disruption on regular traffic flows and resulted in traffic safety problems. Understanding the characteristics and major causes of highway work zone crashes is a critical step towards developing effective safety countermeasures in highway work zones. In 2004, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) initiated a project (K-TRAN Project No. KU-05-01) to study the fatal crashes in Kansas highway work zones between 1992 and 2004. The study results including crash characteristics and major crash contributing factors were published in Bai and Li (2006). Built on the previous success, KDOT sponsored this research project (K-TRAN Project No. KU-06-01) to further study the injury crashes during the same period in Kansas highway work zones. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of the injury crashes, to identify risk factors that contributed to the injury crashes, and to compare characteristics between fatal and injury crashes in highway work zones. Frequency analysis was utilized to discover the basic characteristics reflected by single-variable frequencies as well as the complicated characteristics based on cross-categorized frequencies. The variable combinations used for analyzing cross-categorized frequencies were identified through independence test methods such as Pearson Chi-Square Test and Likelihood-Ratio Chi-Square Test. The characteristic comparison between fatal and injury crashes further helps to document the general characteristics of both fatal and injury crashes and to discover the unique factors that characterize different severities. The researchers found significant characteristics of Kansas highway work zone injury crashes and summarized them in six categories. The researchers also discovered noteworthy characteristic differences between work zone fatal and injury crashes and concluded the important factors that could have increased the severity of work zone crashes. Potential safety improvements were recommended accordingly and future research were suggested. The significant insights from this study are valuable for the design of safer highway work zones and for the development of safety countermeasures that have potential not only in reducing the number of crashes but also in mitigating the crash severity
Automated Personnel Activities Observation in the Catheterization Laboratory
No full textThis thesis presents a method for personnel activities observation, i.e., 3D human pose estimation and tracking, in a Catheterization Laboratory(Cath Lab). We mount five cameras from different angles in the Cath Lab, where surgeons and assistants are in similar clothes while doing surgery. Accurate 3D human pose estimation is the cornerstone of our method. Most previous 3D pose estimation methods train their models directly on a 3D pose dataset. However, these methods are not suitable for our task: 1) We do not have enough 3D pose data for training because of privacy issues and specificity 2) The model needs to be retrained in different operating rooms or the camera calibration changed. To solve these problems, we decompose the 3D human pose estimation task into two stages, avoiding the need for large amounts of 3D pose data and retraining. In the first stage, we apply YOLOX and HRNet for 2D human detection and 2D pose estimation. Simultaneously, the 2D object tracking network Bytetrack tracks person identities based on detection results. Then we use a matching algorithm to match the corresponding 2D poses from multiple views and reconstruct 3D poses. Given 3D poses and tracking identities, we at last introduce a hybrid method tracking algorithm. By feeding 2D tracking results into the matching and tracking algorithm, we increase the accuracy of the result in a scene where people are wearing similar clothes. We fine-tune and test our method with an operating room dataset. Finally, we validate the method on data from the Cath Lab.Electrical Engineerin
The application of localized surface plasmons resonance in Ag nanoparticles assisted Si chemical etching
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. The following article appeared in Ding, R., Dai, H., Li, M., Huang, J., Li, Y., Trevor, M., & Musselman, K. P. (2014). The application of localized surface plasmons resonance in Ag nanoparticles assisted Si chemical etching. Applied Physics Letters, 104(1), 011602 and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4855615Localized surface plasmons excited by Ag nanoparticles are introduced in the chemical etching process of silicon. A special crateriform structure with gradually varying radius is achieved by the surface electromagnetic field enhancement effect of localized surface plasmons resonance (LSPR). Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the formation kinetics of the crateriform structures conforms to the local electromagnetic field enhancement and forward scattering induced by LSPR. The LSPR assisted photocatalytic etching offers a potential approach for the preparation of the surface microstructures used in optoelectronic devices.National Natural Science Foundation of China [91333122, 51372082, 51172069, 50972032, 61204064, 51202067]Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20130036110012, 20110036110006]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [11ZG02
Optimization of manufacturing systems using the Internet of Things /
No full textOptimization of Manufacturing Systems Using the Internet of Things extends the IoT (Internet of Things) into the manufacturing field to develop an IoMT (Internet of Manufacturing Things) architecture with real-time traceability, visibility, and interoperability in production planning, execution, and control. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the optimization and control of an intelligent manufacturing system. As modern manufacturing shop-floors can create bottlenecks in the capturing and collection of real-time field information, and because paper-based manual systems are time-consuming and prone to errors, this book helps readers understand how to alleviate these issues, assisting them in their decision-making on shop-floors.Online resource; title from title page (viewed January 4, 2017).Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 -- Introduction; 1.1 -- The concept of IoT; 1.2 -- Existing manufacturing paradigms and their limitations; 1.2.1 -- Agile Manufacturing; 1.2.2 -- Networked Manufacturing; 1.2.3 -- Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems; 1.2.3.1 -- Modularity; 1.2.3.2 -- Integrability; 1.2.3.3 -- Customization; 1.2.3.4 -- Convertibility; 1.2.3.5 -- Scalability; 1.2.3.6 -- Diagnosability; 1.2.4 -- Product-Service System/Industrial Product-Service Systems; 1.2.5 -- Manufacturing Grid; 1.2.6 -- Cloud Manufacturing; 1.2.7 -- Limitations.1.3 -- Applications of IoT in manufacturing system1.4 -- The conception of IoT-MS; 1.5 -- Key features and limitations of IoT-MS; 1.6 -- Organization of the book; References; Chapter 2 -- Overview of IoT-Enabled Manufacturing System; 2.1 -- Introduction; 2.2 -- Related work; 2.2.1 -- Advanced Manufacturing Paradigms and Technologies; 2.2.2 -- Manufacturing Information Standard and Share and Integration Method; 2.3 -- Overall architecture of IoT-MS; 2.4 -- Integration framework of real-time manufacturing information; 2.4.1 -- Framework of Real-Time Manufacturing Information Sharing and Integration.2.4.2 -- Real-Time Manufacturing Data Processing, Sharing, and Exchanging Service2.5 -- The worklogic of IoT-MS; 2.6 -- Description of the core technologies of IoT-MS; References; Chapter 3 -- Real-Time and Multisource Manufacturing Information Sensing System; 3.1 -- Introduction; 3.2 -- Related works; 3.2.1 -- Real-Time Manufacturing Data Capturing; 3.2.2 -- Sensor Management; 3.2.3 -- Manufacturing Information Processing and Sharing; 3.3 -- Overall architecture of real-time and€multisource RMMISS; 3.3.1 -- Deployment of Multiple Sensors; 3.3.2 -- Multiple Sensors Manager.3.3.3 -- Multisource Manufacturing Information Processing and€Sharing3.4 -- Deployment of multisensors; 3.4.1 -- Description of Multisource Manufacturing Information; 3.4.2 -- Multiple Sensors Selection; 3.5 -- Multiple sensors manager; 3.6 -- Multisource manufacturing information capturing and sharing; 3.6.1 -- Data Preprocessing; 3.6.2 -- Information Encapsulation; 3.6.3 -- Manufacturing Information Sharing; 3.7 -- Case study; 3.7.1 -- Hardware Device; 3.7.2 -- Software System; References; Chapter 4 -- IoT-Enabled Smart Assembly Station; 4.1 -- Introduction; 4.2 -- Related works.4.2.1 -- RFID-Based Applications in Assembly Line4.2.2 -- Assistant Services for Assembly Line; 4.3 -- Overall architecture of IoT-enabled smart assembly station; 4.4 -- Real-time status monitoring; 4.5 -- Real-time production guiding; 4.6 -- Real-time production data sharing; 4.7 -- Real-time production requeuing; References; Chapter 5 -- Cloud Computing-Based Manufacturing Resources Configuration Method; 5.1 -- Introduction; 5.2 -- Related works; 5.2.1 -- Cloud Manufacturing; 5.2.2 -- Real-Time Production Information Perception and Capturing; 5.2.3 -- Cloud Service Selection and Composition.5.3 -- Overall architecture of manufacturing resources configuration method.Optimization of Manufacturing Systems Using the Internet of Things extends the IoT (Internet of Things) into the manufacturing field to develop an IoMT (Internet of Manufacturing Things) architecture with real-time traceability, visibility, and interoperability in production planning, execution, and control. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the optimization and control of an intelligent manufacturing system. As modern manufacturing shop-floors can create bottlenecks in the capturing and collection of real-time field information, and because paper-based manual systems are time-consuming and prone to errors, this book helps readers understand how to alleviate these issues, assisting them in their decision-making on shop-floors.Elsevie
Kinematic GPS positioning in a highway environment
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system which can give twenty-four hour three-dimensional worldwide coverage. The Differential GPS uses the NAVSTAR satellites and a beacon at a known site to reduce the error of the user position. The kinematic GPS system provides centimeter accuracy which can be corrected to the known landmarks when carrier phase ambiguity exists. Our work presents a highway environment simulation using our kinematic GPS model to provide three meter range accuracy for robotic applications. The three-dimensional problem for robotic vehicles is simplified by moving the vehicles on to a highway since the vehicle is constrained to move in one dimensional or a quasi-one-dimensional way. A detailed triple difference model for the GPS phase observable has been used to perform static positioning and kinematic positioning. Trimble data taken by Dr. Benjamin W. Remondi was provided for our use to simulate our model. It has been shown that the triple difference method achieves highly accurate results for the kinematic GPS positioning since the triple difference technique is insensitive to cycle slips. The algorithm for kinematic GPS positioning in a highway environment gives corrections to the receiver because the Over Head component of the error found in a highway environment could be removed and the Cross Track component could be resolved using stereoscopic sensors to detect the edge and middle of the road
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