123 research outputs found
Roles of anion of polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids in properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene
No full textThree polyoxometalates-based ionic liquid (PIL) hybrid materials with different anions were prepared and introduced into polypropylene/intumescent flame retardants (PP/IFR) system to modify its flame retardant efficiency. It is found that the anions of PILs play great roles in the flame retardant properties of PP/IFR composites. The synergistic effect of [BMIm](3)PW (PIL1) on the flame retardant properties of PP composites is better than that of [BMIm](4)SiW (PIL3), and [BMIm](3)PMo (PIL2) has the best suitability to PP/IFR composites. The PP composite with 15 wt% total amount of PIL2 and IFR has a LOI 28.0 and passes the UL-94 V-0 test without melt-dripping, while that for PP/IFR is only 23.7 and not classified at the same content. The morphology of char residue reveals that the PIL2 promotes the reaction between APP and PER, accelerates the formation of a compact and continuous charring layer and enhances the char accumulating degree that is the inherent reason for good flame retardant properties. However, PIL1 and PIL3 show poor synergistic effects on charring behavior. A good char layer can protect the inside matrix from the erosion of heat and gas, resulting in good flame retardant properties
The CfSnt2-Dependent Deacetylation of Histone H3 Mediates Autophagy and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola
No full textCamellia oleifera is one of the most valuable woody edible-oil crops, and anthracnose seriously afflicts its yield and quality. We recently showed that the CfSnt2 regulates the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola, the dominant causal agent of anthracnose on C. oleifera. However, the molecular mechanisms of CfSnt2-mediated pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we found that CfSnt2 is localized to the nucleus to regulate the deacetylation of histone H3. The further transcriptomic analysis revealed that CfSnt2 mediates the expression of global genes, including most autophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we provided evidence showing that CfSnt2 negatively regulates autophagy and is involved in the responses to host-derived ROS and ER stresses. These combined functions contribute to the pivotal roles of CfSnt2 on pathogenicity. Taken together, our studies not only illustrate how CfSnt2 functions in the nucleus, but also link its roles on the autophagy and responses to host-derived stresses with pathogenicity in C. fructicola
Crowdfunding for the Environmentally Sustainable Products： An Exploratory Case Study Approach
No full textTo transit towards an environmentally sustainable society, sustainable entrepreneurs need funding from external parties. Crowdfunding can provide a good alternative for financing sustainable initiatives. To further understand this emerging phenomenon, a case study approach is adopted to analyze sustainable crowdfunding by exploring the motivation, the platform, the return on investment, and the relationship between creator and backers. Four successfully crowdfunded sustainable projects from the reward-based platform Kickstarter were chosen to represent different industries and crowdfunding models
Cell Wall Integrity Mediated by CfCHS1 Is Important for Growth, Stress Responses and Pathogenicity in <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i>
No full textCamellia oleifera, a woody plant that produces edible oil, is indigenous to China. The devastating disease of anthracnose inflicts significant financial losses on Ca. oleifera. The primary causative agent of anthracnose on Ca. oleifera is Colletotrichum fructicola. Chitin, a pivotal constituent of fungal cell walls, assumes a critical function in their proliferation and maturation. To study the biological functions of chitin synthase 1(Chs1) in C. fructicola, the CfCHS1 gene knockout mutants, ∆Cfchs1-1 and ∆Cfchs1-2, and their complementary strain, ∆Cfchs1/CfCHS1, of C. fructicola were generated. Our results showed that the colony diameters of wild-type and complement-strain ∆Cfchs1/CfCHS1, mutant ∆Cfchs1-1 and ∆Cfchs1-2 cultured on the CM and MM medium were 5.2, 5.0, 2.2 and 2.4 cm and 4.0, 4.0, 2.1 and 2.6 cm, respectively, which were significantly smaller for the mutant than for the wild type and complement strain; the inhibition rates on the CM medium supplemented with H2O2, DTT, SDS and CR were 87.0% and 88.5%, 29.6% and 27.1%, 88.0% and 89.4%, and 41.7% and 28.7%, respectively, for the mutant strains, ∆Cfchs1-1 and ∆Cfchs1-2, which were significantly higher than those for the other two strains; the rate of hyphal tips with CFW fluorescence in ∆Cfchs1-1 and ∆Cfchs1-2 was 13.3% and 15.0%, which was significantly lower than those for the other two strains; the mutant strains, ∆Cfchs1-1 and ∆Cfchs1-2, lost the ability to produce conidia; the mutant strains showed weaker pathogenicity on wounded and unwounded Ca. oleifera leaves than the wild type and complement strain. The findings of this study suggest that CfChs1 plays a crucial role in the growth and development, stress responses, and pathogenicity of C. fructicola. Thus, this gene could be a potential target for developing novel fungicide
H3K4 Methyltransferase CfSet1 Is Required for Development and Pathogenesis in Colletotrichum fructicola
No full textTea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is a unique woody edible oil species in China. Anthracnose is the common disease of Ca. oleifera, which affected the production and brought huge economic losses. Colletotrichum fructicola is the dominant pathogen causing Ca. oleifera anthracnose. The gene CfSET1 was deleted and its roles in development and pathogenicity of C. fructicola were studied. Our results show that this protein participated in the growth, conidiation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen. Our results help us understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis in C. fructicola and suggest CfSet1 as a potential target for the development of new fungicide
Three-Dimensional Cumulant-Based Coherent Integration Method to Enhance First-Break Seismic Signals
No full textAt present, a primary challenge of seismic data processing is the ability to recognize and identify first-break seismic signals with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in mountainous areas. Correlation-based supervirtual interferometry (SVI) can improve the SNR of refractions and diffractions to achieve high-quality results in velocity model construction and diffraction imaging from low SNR data. However, SVI is susceptible to coherent Gaussian noise and is limited to 2-D cases. This paper develops the cumulant-based coherent integration (CCI) method to enhance the first-break signals by using cumulant functions and multiple convolutions for both 2-D and 3-D land seismic data. The 2-D synthetic data example demonstrates that CCI can suppress coherent Gaussian noise and obtain results with higher SNR than SVI. The 3-D synthetic data example demonstrates the effectiveness of the 3-D CCI. Its application to 3-D field exploration seismic data measured in the mountainous areas of western China illustrates that the SNR of the first-break signals is much higher than that obtained by bandpass filtering, which is commonly employed in commercial software today.National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB228602]; National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2016ZX05004003-002]; National High Tech Research Program of China [2013AA064202]SCI(E)ARTICLE42089-20965
The interaction between CfAda3 and CfGcn5 impacts growth, development, and virulence of Colletotrichum fructicola
No full textCamellia oleifera is an important economic woody oil plant in many Asian countries, and the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola is prevalent in its cultivation regions, causing significant losses annually. We previously found that CfGcn5-mediated H3 acetylation governs virulence of C. fructicola. To further elucidate the regulatory mechanism of CfGcn5, we carried out mass spectrometry analysis for CfGcn5-interacting proteins and identified CfAda3 protein for functional analysis. We found that CfAda3 was mainly localized in nucleus and cooperated with CfGcn5 to acetylate H3K18 for global gene transcription. Targeted gene deletion revealed that CfAda3 is involved in growth and conidiation. Similar to ΔCfgcn5 mutant, the ΔCfada3 mutant is defective in conidial germination, appressorial formation, autophagy, and in the response to environmental stresses. These combined effects result in its non-virulence on C. oleifera. In addition, we provided evidence showing that both NLS region and ADA3 domain are required for the localization and function of CfAda3. Moreover, we indicated that the interaction with CfGcn5 is essential but not sufficient for the normal localization and full function of CfAda3. Taken together, our studies not only illustrate the prominent roles of CfAda3 in growth, development, and virulence but also highlight how CfAda3 functions together with CfGcn5 in C. fructicola
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