45,652 research outputs found
Gorgasia taiwanensis Shao 1990
No full text63. Gorgasia taiwanensis Shao, 1990:4, figs. 2–6 Holotype: ASIZP 56584 (538 TL), Wan –li–tung, Hengchun, southern part of Taiwan, 21°58'N, 120°43'E, 22 m, 15 Apr. 1989, coll. K. – T. Shao. Paratype: ASIZP 56585 (6, 454–741 TL), Wan–li–tung, 22 m, 15 Mar. 1989; ASIZP 56586 (9, 534–721 TL), Wan– li–tung, 14 m, 18 Mar. 1986; BPBM 33506 (1, 496 TL), SMF 22498 (1, 638 TL), and ZUMT 56359 (1, 549 TL), sand area at a depth of 20 m, 2 Feb. 1987. Remark. One paratype, ZUMT 56359, is probably still in Abe’s collection (Sakamoto, pers. Comm., Oct. 2007).Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2011, 2957, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2957 on page 2
Microstructure and Optical Properties of Electrochemical Deposited Zinc Oxide
No full text本研究於氯化鋅水溶液中，以電化學方式製備氧化鋅於透明導電玻璃上。首先，應用循環伏安法解析溶液與工作電位之關係，找出最適合沈積氧化鋅的條件，接著探討溶液組成及電鍍參數對鍍層材料性質和光學性質的影響。
研究結果顯示氧化鋅沈積的電位範圍約在－0.6至－1.0V(vs. Ag/AgCl)之間，過電位不足造成反應速率過慢，過電位過大則造成金屬鋅的沈積。定電位電鍍的過程中，電流值隨時間遞減，且趨於一飽和值，顯示氧化鋅半導體導電性不佳。於本研究中，藉由電化學所製備的氧化鋅為柱狀晶體，以c軸垂直基材成長，XRD結果顯示為多晶的氧化鋅鍍層具有(002)優選方位。晶體的緻密性影響氧化鋅鍍層粗糙度，粗糙度大造成散射嚴重，降低穿透率。工作電位、過氧化氫濃度及電鍍時間的增加皆有助於氧化鋅晶體的緻密性，但並無提升其光學性質。改採兩段式變電鍍製程不但能使晶體緻密，也降低了柱狀晶的尺寸，大幅提升了穿透率。由PL與PLE的結果發現一段式製程的發光位置、吸收邊際及能隙大小都有藍位移的情形，推測為內部存在大量間隙鋅原子所致，而兩段式製程則改善了這些問題，顯示兩段式電鍍製程可沈積較佳的氧化鋅鍍層。Zinc oxide (ZnO) was electrodeposited from zinc chloride electrolyte on ITO glass. The potentials at which ZnO can be plated from a specific electrolyte were determined using cyclic voltammetry. The effects of electrolyte composition and electroplating parameters on the materials and optical properties of ZnO films were then systematically studied.
Experimental results indicate that ZnO films can be plated at potentials ranging from -0.6 to -1.0V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The deposition rate was relatively small at low overpotentials, while metallic zinc was likely to form at high overpotentials. During potentiostatic deposition, the resultant current decreased with continued electroplating, and gradually reached a saturated value, signifying the semiconductor characteristic of ZnO. The ZnO electrodeposits consisted of columnar grains, which grew with c axis perpendicular to the substrate. Consequently, this polycrystalline ZnO film displayed a (002) texture as characterized by XRD. Dense ZnO crystals reduced the surface roughness of ZnO film, which, in turn, enhances the transmittance of the film due to less scattering effects. Although more dense ZnO films were plated by increasing overpotential, solution H2O2 concentration, and deposition time, these ZnO films exhibited insignificant improvement in optical properties. A two-step electroplating process was thus employed to prepare the ZnO film. This process enhanced the population density of columnar ZnO crystals, while reduced the size of the crystals. Both contributed to the enhanced transparency of ZnO films. The PL peak, absorption edge, and energy band gap of ZnO prepared by one-step process was found to have blue shift in PL and PLE spectrums, suggesting that the ZnO crystals contained significant amounts of interstitial zinc vacancies. The ZnO film fabricated by the two-step process showed less blue shift in PL and PLE spectrums. Apparently, the ZnO film with improved optical properties can be deposited using this two-step electroplating process.中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
總目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
第一章 序論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機 1
第二章 研究背景 3
2-1 ZnO介紹 3
2-1-1 結構特性 3
2-1-2 導電性質 4
2-1-3 光學特性 6
2-2氧化鋅製備方式 9
2-2-1化學氣相沈積 9
2-2-2濺鍍法 10
2-2-3脈衝雷射蒸鍍 10
2-2-4原子層磊晶 11
2-3電化學製程 12
2-3-1電化學簡介 12
2-3-2定電流與定電位模式 13
2-3-3電化學的優勢與劣勢 14
2-4氧化鋅的電化學製程 16
2-4-1電解液成份與操作參數 16
2-4-2 I-t 圖 22
2-4-3表面形貌 24
2-5氧化鋅的光電性質 25
第三章 氧化鋅成長製備方式 30
3-1實驗步驟流程 30
3-2電化學成長ZnO原理 31
3-3製程設備 32
3-4電化學沈積 33
3-4-1 ITO玻璃前處理 33
3-4-2電鍍液配置 34
3-4-3電化學系統架設 35
3-5試片分析 38
3-4-1分析試片製備 38
3-4-2試片分析 39
第四章 實驗結果 41
4-1循環伏安法分析 41
4-2晶粒數與過電位 46
4-3電鍍時間的影響 51
4-4過氧化氫濃度的影響 53
4-5兩階段式製程 59
4-6光學分析 64
第五章 討論 70
5-1 CV圖討論 70
5-2氧化鋅表面形貌 73
5-3過電位的影響 75
5-4電鍍時間與過氧化氫濃度的影響 76
5-5兩段式製程 80
第六章 結論 83
參考文獻 84
附錄A 循環伏安法 86
附錄B Ag/AgCl參考電極 8
Unbundling the Smile Curve: Task Specialization in a Global Economy
No full textLi, Shao Zhi.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …)
Photocarrier Dynamics in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
No full text本研究主要利用暫態分析技術對高分子太陽能電池中光載子的動態行為進行探討。近年來，高分子太陽能電池的光電轉換效率已有大幅度的進展，主要來自於其施體與受體混摻的奈米形貌優化，顯示控制施體與受體的混摻形貌對於光載子的動態行為有著重大的影響。
在本研究中首先針對高分子與無機二氧化鈦奈米粒子混摻太陽能電池進行分析，應用不同濃度的二氧化鈦奈米粒子的潻加量，在50wt%時可得到最好的元件效率，同時也對應到最平衡的電子與電洞遷移率及最佳的載子生命週期。接著藉由控制二氧化鈦奈米粒子的尺寸及形狀，並使用掃描式電子穿透顯微鏡做3-D結構的影像重建，可以得知棒狀的奈米粒子能夠提供電子更有效率的傳導路經，且較容易形成較施體與受體材料分別的連續相，使得載子有更長的生命週期，因此在電荷的傳導及收集上，棒狀奈米粒子比球狀更有效率，能夠減少更多不必要的損失。本研究也利用化學方式來修飾二氧化鈦奈米粒子表面，除了增進與有機高分子的相容性，並有效地增進了電荷轉移能力及減少了電子電洞在異質接面上的再結合損失，其光電轉換效率可被提升到2.2%。
利用石墨稀氧化物來取代傳統電洞傳導層的應用也在本研究中有詳盡的描述。中性的石墨稀氧化物可利用溶液製備方式將其塗布於氧化錫銦電極上，做為一電洞傳導層並抑制電子往陽極的傳輸，可有效地減少電子與電洞的再結合速率，使得元件光電轉換效率可與以傳統導電高分子做為電洞傳導層的元件相匹敵。In this thesis, photocarrier dynamics in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell was comprehensively investigated with various transient techniques. Power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells have been remarkably improved by the optimization of donor/acceptor blending nanomorphologies, which are vital for efficient photocurrent generation. It also significantly affects the phtotocarrier dynamics such as exciton dissociation, carrier mobility and transport recombination. This thesis not only aims to correlate carrier dynamics and solar cell performance by morphology control but also providing a promising methodology for the future study of improvement in power conversion efficiency.
In chapter 3, TiO2 concentration dependent carrier dynamics was investigated in P3HT/TiO2 nanorods hybrid BHJ PVs. The best power conversion efficiency was found at 50wt% of TiO2 nanorods where the amount of TiO2 are enough to create a bi-continuous transport phase and resulted in balanced electron and hole mobility and also a longest carrier lifetime. Further in chapter 4, we investigated the interplay of 3-D morphologies by STEM-HAADF and the photocarrier dynamics of P3HT/TiO2 NPs and NRs hybrids BHJ PVs. The anisotropic TiO2 nanorods can not only reduce the probability of the inter-particle hopping transport of electrons by providing better connectivity with respect to the TiO2 nanoparticles, but also tend to form a large-scale donor-acceptor phase-separated morphology. The presence of dimensionality of TiO2 nanocrystals ensures the formation of favorable morphology for polymer/inorganic hybrid solar cells and results in more effective mobile carrier generation and more efficient and balanced transport of carriers.
Furthermore, in chapter 5, we present that through interface modification with effective molecules, the photovoltaic performance of P3HT/TiO2 NRs can be largely improved by enhancing charge separation and suppressing interface recombination rate in the polymer/inorganic hybrids. Similar process of surface modification can was also successfully demonstrated in P3HT/nanostructured ZnO hybrid solar cells.
The utilization of graphene oxide (GO) thin films as the hole transport and electron blocking layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is demonstrated in chapter 6. The incorporation of GO as a hole transport layer leads to the decrease in recombination and leakage currents. Solar cell performance is comparable to devices fabricated with PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer. Indicating that GO could be a simple solution-processable alternative to PEDOT:PSS as the effective hole transport and electron blocking layer in OPV and light-emitting diode devices
Kuzicus Shao-Li, Yuan & Fu-Ming, 2009, sp.nov.
No full textKey to subgenera and species of genus Kuzicus from China (male) 1 Tenth abdominal tergite with two pairs of processes............................ Kuzicus (Neokuzicus) uvarovi Gorochov, 1993 Tenth abdominal tergite with one pair of processes...................................................................................................... 2 2 Cerci divided from base into a medial and a lateral branch of roughly equal length........................................................................................................................................................... Kuzicus (Parakuzicus) Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000 Cerci not divided from base, but with internal process in middle......................... 3 Kuzicu (Kuzicus) Gorochov, 1993 3 Tenth abdominal tergite with apex of posterior process dorsal-ventral expanded......................................................................................................................................................................... K. (K.) suzukii (Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908) Tenth abdominal tergite with apex of posterior process not dorsal-ventral expanded................................................. 4 4 Cerci apices bifurcate........................................................................................... K. (K.) cervicercus (Tinkham, 1943) Cerci apices not bifurcate............................................................................................................................................. 5 5 Posterior process of tenth abdominal tergite broad with blunt rounded margin ...... K. (K.) denticulatus (Karny, 1926) Posterior process of tenth abdominal tergite narrow with acute apex.............. K. (K.) multifidous Mao & Shi sp.nov. 1.. Kuzicus (Neokuzicus) uvarovi Gorochov, 1993Published as part of Shao-Li, Mao, Yuan, Huang & Fu-Ming, Shi, 2009, Review of the genus Kuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China, pp. 35-42 in Zootaxa 2137 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18851
Solution-Processable Graphene Oxide as an Efficient Hole Transport Layer in Polymer Solar Cells
No full textBergeriellidae Liu & Shao & Gong & Li & Lin & Song 2010, FAM. NOV.
No full textBERGERIELLIDAE FAM. NOV. <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Urostylids with a specific ventral cirral field that consists of enlarged postoral cirri and delicate left ventral cirri, both of which are derived from the left part of the midventral streaks during morphogenesis; one marginal row on each side; nonmigratory row present.</p> <p> <i>Type genus: Bergeriella</i> gen. nov.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The new family name is derived from the type genus <i>Bergeriella</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Liu, Weiwei, Shao, Chen, Gong, Jun, Li, Jiqiu, Lin, Xiaofeng & Song, Weibo, 2010, Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea, pp. 697-710 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4)</i> on page 699, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00565.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438412">http://zenodo.org/record/5438412</a>
Templated electrodeposition of nanoscale materials
No full textTemplated electrodeposition is an economic and efficient approach to fabricate nanostructures. Published work generally uses commercial membranes such as track-etched polycarbonate (PC) and porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with one-dimensional pore arrays as the hard templates for electrodeposition of nanoparticles and nanowires, which usually have diameter larger than 50 nm. In this thesis, mesoporous silica films with a three-dimensional accessible mesostructure are explored as the templates for electrodeposition of nanostructured gold, bismuth, tellurium and bismuth-tellurium compounds. The diameter of the mesopores is around 8 nm. Firstly, well-ordered mesoporous silica thin films with different pore structures were produced by using block copolymers F127 or Brij S10 as structure-directing agents through the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) approach. By adjusting surfactant concentration, the conditions of coating, aging and calcination process, mesoporous silica films with P6mm, Im 3 m and Fmmm, P63/mmc mesostructures were obtained. GISAXS was the main tool to characterise the mesostructure. Mesoporous silica films with Fmmm structure were chosen to be the hard templates for electrodeposition due to their well-ordered and three-dimensional accessible pore channels. FE-SEM showed the pore diameter of the templates was around 8 nm. The wall thickness was 5-8 nm and thickness of the film was 120-200 nm. The preparation of mesoporous silica films was optimised by fixing cracking and delamination problems. The diffusion of species in aqueous and DCM solvent in the mesochannels was investigated. Templated electrodeposition of gold was conducted from aqueous electrolyte solutions. Using the mesoporous silica films as the templates, two-step pulsed electrodeposition was conducted to obtain good gold nanostructure fillings of the mesopores. The effect of deposition conditions on the morphologies of deposited gold was investigated. FE-SEM showed that gold grew in the mesopores of the films, in any cracks in the films, and in any gap that may be present between films and substrates. To observe the deposited gold better, hydrofluoric acid vapour was used to etch away mesoporous silica films, and more gold particles were observed with diameters ranging from 20 to 80 nm. Using the same templates, electrodeposition of bismuth, tellurium and bismuth telluride were investigated with electrolytes containing [Nn Bu4][BiCl4], [Nn Bu4][TiCl6] and [Nn Bu4]Cl dissolved in non-aqueous dichloromethane solution. In situ GISANS was conducted to explore the process of templated bismuth electrodeposition and it indicated the electrodeposition of bismuth in the mesopores. FE-SEM showed there were a few Te nanowires even though most of the mesopores were not filled. This is a promising observation as it proves the possibility to prepare sub-10 nm nanowires by templated electrodeposition. A wide range of pulsed electrodeposition conditions were applied for bismuthtellurium electrodeposition. Most of the obtained particles were tellurium-rich and they showed trigonal tellurium structure. Apart from pulsed electrodeposition conditions, a variety of parameters including bismuth ratio (2.25 mM and 3 mM), deposition without templates and deposition duration were also investigated in pursuit of control over the composition of the deposit. Constant electrodeposition time is the essential parameter to influence the composition of the deposit. All samples from pulsed electrodeposition (0.3-5 s) show very low Bi:Te ratio (Bi/Te<0.1), whereas a sample electrodeposited for 5 min at -0.6 V achieved high Bi ratio (Bi/Te=0.8)
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