323,008 research outputs found
Figure 6 in New species of Streblosoma (Thelepodidae, Annelida) from the Mediterranean Sea: S. pseudocomatus sp. nov., S. nogueirai sp. nov. and S. hutchingsae sp. nov.
No full textFigure 6. Streblosoma hutchingsae sp. nov. Holotype (MNCN 16.01/17968): (a) anterior end, ventral view; (b) anterior end, dorsal view; (c) anterior end, close-up dorsal view; (d) close-up view of notopodia from anterior segment.Published as part of Lezzi, Marco & Giangrande, Adriana, 2019, New species of Streblosoma (Thelepodidae, Annelida) from the Mediterranean Sea: S. pseudocomatus sp. nov., S. nogueirai sp. nov. and S. hutchingsae sp. nov., pp. 2857-2873 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (43-44) on page 2869, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1556357, http://zenodo.org/record/517808
Streblosoma nogueirai Lezzi & Giangrande 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Streblosoma nogueirai</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figures 4, 5, 8a)</p> <p> <i>Type material</i></p> <p>Holotype: Torre Guaceto, Adriatic Sea, Italy, 40.722°’N, 17.792°’E, July 2000, hard bottom, 3 m (MNCN 16.01 /17965). Four paratypes, complete specimens, from same locality and date as holotype (MNCN 16.01 /17966; MNCN 16.01 /17967; MSNP P/4366; MSNP P/4367).</p> <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p>Holotype complete, 9 mm long, 0.5 wide, with 49 chaetigers. Paratypes complete, 7– 9 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, 35–46 chaetigers.</p> <p>Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part with eyespots irregularly arranged in a single row all around the surface, more concentrated laterally (Figure 4a,c). Long and annelated buccal tentacles. Peristomium forming lips; upper lip hood-like, expanded about as long as wide; lower lip button-like, restricted to oral area (Figure 4b). Segment 1 expanded, segment 2 shortest (Figure 4b). Three pairs of branchiae, on segments 2–4, segment 2 with two filaments on either side, segment 3 with about two filaments on either side and segment 4 with two filaments on either side; branchial filaments originating dorsally to notopodia, longest filaments about 1/3 of corresponding body width (Figure 4a,c).</p> <p>Anterior ventral surface glandular until segment 19; glandular surfaces progressively more swollen until segments 9–10, mid-ventral stripe visible from segment 14 to end of specimen (Figure 4a).</p> <p>Notopodia starting from segment 2 (first branchiate segment; Figure 4c) and extending until 22nd segment; bilobed notopodia, with flattened rounded lobes. Notochaetae arranged in two rows. Posterior row notochaetae as bilimbate capillaries slightly wider distally, and tapering to tip; notochaetae of anterior row shorter than those of posterior row, wings broader on one margin, basally bulbous, tapering to tip (Figure 5a).</p> <p>Neuropodia starting from segment 5, slightly raised from surface of body throughout. Uncini in straight rows until segment 14, then conspicuously curved (C-shaped) until posterior end, all with openings towards the dorsal side.</p> <p>Uncini breviavicular with dorsal button conspicuous, terminal, prow shorter than dorsal button with deep notch (Figure 5d); curved base, main fang conspicuous, secondary teeth in row of two teeth above main fang and a second row with much smaller teeth, one larger one inserted between teeth of first row, surrounded by several (4–6 or more, not clearly visible at 1000× magnification) smaller teeth at each side (dental formula: MF: 2:4–6). Unicini similar throughout body, including dental formula (Figure 5b,c,e).</p> <p>Nephridial and genital papillae not visible.</p> <p>Pygidium distally rounded, without papillae.</p> <p> <i>MGS.</i> There is no evident staining pattern; there are scattered white spots on the dorsal surface of posterior body (Figure 4d).</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i></p> <p> <i>Streblosoma nogueirai</i> sp. nov. is similar to <i>S. duplicata</i> and <i>S. curvus</i> with which it shares the absence of a lateral extension of branchiae on chaetiger 1 and a similar pattern of notopodial distribution, with chaetae not reaching the posterior end of the body. <i>Streblosoma nogueirai</i> sp. nov. differs from <i>S. duplicata</i> in having eyespots in the peristomium, and from <i>S. curvus</i> in the general aspect of the anterior end (which appears swollen in <i>S. curvus</i>) and the shape of the uncinal prow (which is more conspicuous in <i>S. curvus</i>). The other species of <i>Streblosoma</i> with tori arranged in C-shaped rows have a lateral extension of branchiae on chaetiger 1 (Table 1).</p> <p> <i>Streblosoma nogueirai</i> sp. nov. is probably the species of <i>Streblosoma</i> identified by Giangrande et al. (1981) as <i>S. hesslei</i>, from Ischia (Naples), because of a similar general aspect of the anterior end (i.e. number of branchial filaments, upper lip shape), the presence of eyes and a similar dental formula. However, no further speculation can be made because the authors did not describe the torus arrangement and the material from the Ischia Port has been lost.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and ecology</i></p> <p>Endemic for the Mediterraena Sea. From shallow hard-bottom substrates.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i></p> <p>The new species is named in honour of Dr João Miguel De Matos Nogueira, who contributed to the understanding of Terebellidae systematics.</p>Published as part of <i>Lezzi, Marco & Giangrande, Adriana, 2019, New species of Streblosoma (Thelepodidae, Annelida) from the Mediterranean Sea: S. pseudocomatus sp. nov., S. nogueirai sp. nov. and S. hutchingsae sp. nov., pp. 2857-2873 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (43 - 44)</i> on pages 2865-2868, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1556357, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5178086">http://zenodo.org/record/5178086</a>
Variation and ontogenetic changes of opercular paleae in a population of Sabellaria spinulosa (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) from the South Adriatic Sea, with remarks on larval development
No full textSabellaria alcocki Gravier, 1906, described for the Indian Ocean, should not be present in the Mediterranean area. Though S. spinulosa alcocki, a Mediterranean variety, can be well-distinguished from S. alcocki, it has recently been referred to as S. alcocki. Thus, S. alcocki appears in the Italian coast checklist. The recent finding of S. spinulosa reefs along the southern Adriatic coast, the first report of these biogenic constructions in the Mediterranean area, allowed us to compare its morphological variability with that of S. alcocki. A morphometric analysis of the opercular paleae showed a great deal of intrapopulation, size-independent variation, which cannot justify the existence of varieties within S. spinulosa. Moreover, the analysis of post-settlement development showed that opercular features change during individual growth. Recently settled individuals resemble S. alcocki, while the more advanced life stages become closer to S. spinulosa. Accordingly, we hypothesize that part of the erroneous Mediterranean records of S. alcocki could correspond to specimens of S. spinulosa at different stages of development
Amorphous-amorphous transition and the two-step replica symmetry breaking phase
No full textThe nature of polyamorphism and amorphous-to-amorphous transitions is investigated by means of an exactly solvable model with quenched disorder, the spherical s + p multispin interaction model. The analysis is carried out in the framework of replica symmetry breaking theory and leads to the identification of low-temperature glass phases of different kinds. Besides the usual one-step solution, known to reproduce all basic properties of structural glasses, also a physically consistent two-step solution arises. More complicated phases are found as well, as temperature is further decreased, expressing a complex variety of metastable-state structures for amorphous systems
Iphinoe daphne Mazziotti & Lezzi 2020, n. sp.
No full text<i>Iphinoe daphne</i> n. sp. <p>Figures 2–5</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. Holotype (MZB21008) adult male, type locality Cesenatico (st. 21), Lat. 44.128090, Lon. 12.244960, depth 3 m., 3 km offshore, soft bottom, biocenosis SFBC, data collection May 2017; paratype (MZB 21009) adult female st. 18; paratype (MZB 21010) adult male st. 22; paratype (MZB 21011) adult male st. 19; paratype (MZB 21012) adult male st. 20; paratype (MZB 21013) preadult male st. 22; paratype (MZB 21014) preadult female st. 22; paratype (MZB 21015) ovigerous female st. 21; paratype (MZB 21016) ovigerous female st. 18; paratype (MZB 21017) ovigerous female st. 19; paratype (MZB 21018) ovigerous female st. 20; paratype (ZSMA20190394) adult male st. 23; paratype (ZSMA20190395) preadult male st. 22; paratype (ZSMA20190396) adult male st. 20; paratype (ZSMA20190397) adult male st. 19; paratype (ZSMA20190398) adult male st. 18; paratype (ZSMA20190399) ovigerous female st. 22; paratype (ZSMA20190400) preadult female st. 22; paratype (ZSMA20190401) ovigerous female st. 20; paratype (ZSMA20190402) ovigerous female st. 19; paratype (ZSMA20190403) ovigerous female st. 18; paratype (CRU2019-1) adult male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019- 2) preadult male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019-3) preadult male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019-4) preadult male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019-5) preadult male st. 22; paratype (CRU2019-6) ovigerous male st. 22; paratype (CRU2019-7) ovigerous male st. 22; paratype (CRU2019-8) ovigerous male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019-9) ovigerous male st. 24; paratype (CRU2019- 10) ovigerous male st. 24.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined</b>. 4 adult males, 2 preparatory males, 20 ovigerous females, 11 subadult females, st. 15; 4 adult males, 6 ovigerous females, 4 subadult females, st. 16; 2 adult males, 2 ovigerous females, st. 18; 13 adult males, 9 preparatory males, 46 ovigerous females, 54 subadult females, st.19; 24 adult males, 12 preparatory males, 116 ovigerous females, 76 subadult females, st. 20; 6 adult males, 5 ovigerous females, 11 subadult females, st. 21; 30 adult males, 16 preparatory males, 158 ovigerous females, 65 subadult females, st. 22; 21 adult males, 26 preparatory males, 34 ovigerous females, 130 subadult females, st. 23; 12 adult males, 4 preparatory males, 44 ovigerous females, 22 subadult females, st. 24.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The epithet daphne is a noun in apposition. The species is named after the vessel used during the sampling; Daphne is also the name of the first author’s Institute Department.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Pointed pseudorostrum. Carapace is about twice as long as it is deep and a fifth of the total body length. Ratio CL/CD 2.2. Presence of two perianal setae and one aesthetasc on main flagellum of antenna 1. Adult male with serrated middorsal line and a sternal process tubercle of distinctly bifid apex.</p> <p> <b>Description of the holotype adult male</b> (MZB21008).</p> <p>Total length: 4.8 mm.</p> <p>Carapace about twice as long as it is deep and a fifth of the total body length (Figure 2A). The ratio CL/CD is 2.2 (Table 4). Dorsal carina armed with 6 teeth: the first immediately after the eyelobe, then following a space, the other five close to each other. Pointed pseudorostrum. Eyelobe well developed, elevated in lateral view, with 3 lenses. Branchial siphon of medium length. Frontal lobe does not extend anteriorly, the length is a third of the carapace. Anterolateral angle rounded with a few small serrations below (Figure 2B). Five free thoracic somites; the first is visible dorsally and laterally. Abdomen longer than rest of body, abdominal somites have well developed sideplates and five pairs of pleopods. Integument over the whole body exhibits a distinct reticulation, polygonal shaped under the microscope (Figure 2C). Sternite of the second thoracic segment bears a tubercle with a distinctly bifid apex (Figure 4).</p> <p>Antenna 1 article 1 shorter than the other two articles. Article 2 inclined on the basal article at an angle of 45°. Third article a little less than three quarters as long as the second. Main flagellum two short articles, distal article with one aesthetasc and one terminal seta. Vestigial accessory flagellum minute, with 2 articles and 3 small setae; distal article the shortest (Figure 2D).</p> <p>Antenna 2 longer than body length (Figure 2A, 3D). The peduncle has 4 articles; articles 1 to 4 are unarmed; article 5 has rows of sensory setae along anterior margin; flagellum articles bear a single row of setae.</p> <p>Labium has 6 apical stout distally bent flattened setae, numerous setules on both apical margin (Figure 3L).</p> <p> Mandible <i>pars incisiva</i> has 3 teeth, the lacinia mobilis has 3 teeth, there are 11 setae between lacinia mobilis and pars molaris (Figure 3H).</p> <p>Maxilla 1 inner endite has 9 stout, spiniform setae (some subdistally dentate setae) and 2 simple setae on medial and distal margin; the outer endite has 6 robust setae and 1 filament. (Figure 3I).</p> <p>Maxilla 2 endites exceed the upper margin of protopod, inner endite has 9 microserrate setae; outer endite has 14 slender curved microserrate setae and 2 simple setae on distal margin, the protopod has apical robust setae and fine setae on distal and medial inner margin (Figure 3A).</p> <p>Maxilliped 1 basis has a long endite with four apical, three simple setae and three stout setae, carpus has eight stout palmate setae on the medial margin, large propodus about 0.8 times the length of the carpus, two simple short setae and two long setae on the apical margin, a short dactylus with terminal two stout short setae (Figure 3C).</p> <p>Maxilliped 2 basis has 1 pappose seta on medial margin; merus has 1 pappose medial seta; carpus is 1 and a half times the length of the merus, with 3 pappose setae on distal medial margin; propodus is as long as the carpus, there are 4 simple setae on the medial margin and 3 pappose setae on the distal lateral margin; dactylus is a third of the length of propodus with 6 terminal setae (Figure 3B).</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 basis about 0.6 times as long as the entire maxilliped, the outer process almost reaches the merus, with two long plumose setae. There are other smaller setae on medial margin. There are several plumose setae on the merus distal margin. Ischium and merus are as long as the carpus and propodus put together (Figure 2E).</p> <p>Pereopod 1 basis weakly arcuate, moderately longer than the rest of the limb, dully serrate on the outer edge. Merus twice as long as the ischium, carpus and propodus are the same length. Dactylus shorter than the propodus, ending with 5 long terminal simple setae (Figure 2F).</p> <p>Pereopod 2 basis slightly shorter than remaining segments put together, with numerous plumose setae. Merus tooth as long as carpus; carpus tooth is two thirds of the length of the dactylus. One plumose seta on carpus internal distal corner (Figure 2G).</p> <p>Pereopod 3 basis 0.4 of the entire length of pereopod, merus is twice the length of ischium bearing two long simple seta on medial margin, carpus has two setae on distal outer margin, carpus 1.5 times the length of merus, propodus is 0.3 of the length of carpus with a seta on distal outer margin, dactylus about one third of the length of pereopod (Figure 3E).</p> <p>Pereopod 4 basis 0.2 entire length of the pereopod, merus 2.5 times the length of ischium, carpus 1.1 times the length of merus, three setae on distal outer corner, propodus 0.4 times the length of carpus length, one seta on distal outer corner, dactylus 0.5 the length of propodus, bearing a terminal seta and a shorter one (Figure 3F).</p> <p>Pereopod 5 basis 0.3 of the entire length of the pereopod, merus 2.5 times the length of the ischium, carpus 1.5 times the length of the merus, three long setae on distal outer corner, propodus 0.2 times the length of the carpus, one seta on distal outer corner, dactylus is the same length as propodus, bearing a terminal seta the same length as dactylus (Figure 3G).</p> <p>Uropod peduncle slightly longer than rami, armed with 30 setae on inner edge, arranged in two lines from the eighth seta onward. Pleonite 6 distally rounded with two short terminal setae. Uropod exopod two-articulated with 7 plumose setae on inner edge and 6 terminal setae. Endopod two-articulated: first article with 8 setae of different sizes, with the last one being the largest; the distal part of the second article is rounded with 15 setae increasing in length from proximal to distal part and 4 terminal plumose setae (Figure 2H).</p> <p> <b>Description of the paratype ovigerous female</b> (MZB21015).</p> <p>Carapace about two times as long as deep and a fifth of the total body length. Dorsal carina armed with 6–8 teeth: the first immediately after the eyelobe, then following a gap the others close to each other. Pointed pseudorostrum. The eyelobe is elevated in lateral view, bearing a small tooth. Branchial siphon is of medium length. Anterolateral angle is rounded with a few small serrations below (Figure 5A).</p> <p>The basis length of maxilliped 3 about 0.6 times the length of the entire maxilliped, the outer process almost reaches the merus, with two long plumose setae, plus additional smaller setae on medial margin. Several plumose setae on ischium, carpus and merus distal margin. Ischium and merus longer than carpus and propodus put together. Dactylus shorter than propodus and has 3 apical setae (Figure 5B).</p> <p>Pereopod 1 basis slightly longer than the rest of limb. Merus, carpus and propodus subequal in length. The basis end bears a plumose seta reaching the merus end. Dactylus shorter than the previous 3 articles and has 5 terminal setae (Figure 5C).</p> <p>Pereopod 2 basis shorter than the other articles put together; basis, merus and carpus have plumose setae. Dactylus longer than propodus and carpus together (Figure 5D).</p> <p>Pleonite 6 distally concave, pleotelson rounded with two short terminal setae.</p> <p>Uropod peduncle slightly longer than rami, armed with 12 acuminate setae on inner edge. Rami subequal in length. Exopod two-articulated, with 8 long plumose setae and 6 terminal setae. Endopod two-articulated with proximal article shorter than distal. First article armed with 4 acuminate setae; second article armed with 9 acuminate setae increasing in length from proximal to distal, and with 2 terminal plumose setae (Figure 5E).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This new <i>Iphinoe</i> species is similar to other species within the “ <i>I. trispinosa</i> group” (sensu Ledoyer, 1965), in particular <i>I. armata</i>, <i>I. douniae</i> and <i>I. trispinosa</i>. The basis of <i>I. daphne</i> ’s pereopod 1 is longer than the remaining articles put together, differently from <i>I. armata</i>. <i>I. daphne</i> differs from <i>I</i>. <i>trispinosa</i> in the seta formula of the uropod: 10;5+ 15 in <i>I. trispinosa</i> and 12;4+ 9 in <i>I. daphne.</i> Pereopod 2 carpus of <i>I. daphne</i> presents only 1 plumose seta, whereas there are 3 in <i>I. douniae</i> and 2 in <i>I. armata</i>. Furthermore, pereopod 2 merus and carpus of <i>I. daphne</i> are shorter than in <i>I. armata,</i> as is the merus seta.</p> <p> An important diagnostic character that distinguishes <i>I. daphne</i> from other congeneric species is its sternal process: it has a distinctly bifid apex, whereas this is cup-like with 6–8 serrations in the distal border in <i>I. armata</i>. Further differences between these species are shown in synoptic Table 2. <i>I</i>. daphne and <i>I. serrata</i> both have a sternal process with a bifid apex. However in <i>I. serrata</i> the tubercle is more elongated and the tips of the apex are more divergent.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology</b>. The species was only recorded in the North Adriatic basin, Area 9 (Table 4), and was not present in samples collected from similar biocenosis (SFBC or VTC) in other areas, thus suggesting that it is a Mediterranean endemic species with a restricted distributional range.</p> <p> <i>Iphinoe daphne</i> is typical of soft bottom habitats, from 3 to 15 meters deep. In our samples, this species was found in the “fine well sorted sand” (SFBC) biocenosis (with a sand percentage ranging from 69.7 to 90.6%) and had mean values of organic matter of 0.4%, but it was also found in deeper biocenosis, such as coastal terrigenous mud (VTC), with a silt and clay percentage ranging from 20% to 70% and an average value of organic matter of 1.2%.</p>Published as part of <i>Mazziotti, Cristina & Lezzi, Marco, 2020, The cumacean genus Iphinoe (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Italian waters and I. daphne n. sp. from the northwestern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean, pp. 331-357 in Zootaxa 4766 (2)</i> on pages 338-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3764096">http://zenodo.org/record/3764096</a>
FTTH in Italy: the FastWeb access infrastructure and its possible evolution with new PMMA-SI-POF media converters
No full textVariation and ontogenetic changes of opercular paleae in a population of Sabellaria spinulosa (Polychaeta: Sabellaridae) from the South Adriatic Sea, with remarks on larval development
No full textSabellaria alcocki Gravier, 1906, described for the Indian Ocean, should not be present in the Mediterranean area. Though S. spinulosa alcocki, a Mediterranean variety, can be well-distinguished from S. alcocki, it has recently been referred to as S. alcocki. Thus, S. alcocki appears in the Italian coast checklist. The recent finding of S. spinulosa reefs along the southern Adriatic coast, the first report of these biogenic constructions in the Mediterranean area, allowed us to compare its morphological variability with that of S. alcocki. A morphometric analysis of the opercular paleae showed a great deal of intrapopulation, size-independent variation, which cannot justify the existence of varieties within S. spinulosa. Moreover, the analysis of post-settlement development showed that opercular features change during individual growth. Recently settled individuals resemble S. alcocki, while the more advanced life stages become closer to S. spinulosa. Accordingly, we hypothesize that part of the erroneous Mediterranean records of S. alcocki could correspond to specimens of S. spinulosa at different stages of development
The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 7-tetradecene oxide with methyl trifluorosulfonic ester
No full textMacrofaunal biodiversity associated with different developmental phases of a threatened Mediterranean Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767) reef
No full textSabellaria alveolata is an ecosystem engineer species capable of building bioconstructions, playing a key functional role in the shallow coastal ecosystems. S. alveolata reefs perform several ecosystem services, such as hosting a rich fauna and producing structures able to provide coastal protection. Despite their ecological role, these bioconstructions have been poorly investigated in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, the largest Mediterranean S. alveolata reef, located along the Latium coast, was recorded and an habitat mapping duly carried out. During a one-year study, the balance between reef status and associated fauna was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach, the different phases in the annual cycle of S. alveolata were detected and the reef's influence on the diversity of associated macrofauna was assessed. The retrograding phase was detected in September, due to the damages by trampling disturbance, while the growing phase began in March. The comparison with the fauna of the adjacent substrates was also performed, demonstrating that the reef supported a high diversity of associated fauna and qualifying the reef as a biodiversity hotspot. Aimed at improving knowledge of Mediterranean reefs, our study lays the basis for more effective management plans and protection strategies for the threatened biogenic habitats
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