1,721,102 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Efficacy of oral corticosteroids for preschool wheeze
Full text linkINTRODUCTION:
Acute preschool wheeze is one of the most common respiratory conditions in children aged 1 to 6 years. Due to its high prevalence, it consumes substantial healthcare resources and creates economic burdens. Although oral corticosteroids (OCS) have been widely used to treat acute wheezing episodes in clinical practice, evidence has been contentious regarding the efficacy of OCS for preschool wheeze. This thesis aims to assess the OCS treatment in treating acute preschool wheeze by incorporating perspectives of health professionals (HPs) and patients into an individual participant data (IPD) analysis.
METHODS:
This PhD project comprises four complementary phases.
In Phase One, I conducted a global systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published between 1994 and 2020 in eight databases. Summary estimates were obtained using a random-effects model, employing the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) approach.
In Phase Two, I invited two groups (1) HPs, including lead authors of OCS preschool wheeze trials, and (2) parents of children who had experience with OCS for acute wheeze in children aged 1-6 years. In the first stage, each group was asked to rank outcome measures based on their priority, and in the second stage, they were invited to a group meeting based on a nominal group technique to identify a consensus primary outcome measure.
In Phase Three, a meta-analysis was conducted using IPD from seven trials (no. of children=2172) for children aged 12-71 months (n=1823). The primary outcome was the change in wheeze severity score (WSS), and secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS), revisit to general practice (GP)/emergency department (ED) or hospital, and further use of asthma medications. I performed a two-stage meta-analysis for overall analyses and adopted a one-stage approach when very few cases were available. Subgroup analyses by risk factors were conducted to examine effect modification and treatment-covariate interaction.
In Phase Four, I undertook a Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) analysis to assess overall clinical outcomes using data for change in WSS, repeat healthcare service utilisation (i.e. revisit to GP/ED and/or rehospitalisation), and adverse events (AEs). Ordinal DOOR outcomes were constructed by combining these single outcomes. Ranks 1 to 8 were assigned to the ordinal DOOR outcomes of individual patients in order of desirability, in which higher ranks were assigned to those with better DOOR outcomes. I then calculated the probability of those receiving OCS having a better DOOR outcome compared to those receiving a placebo.
RESULTS:
In Phase One, of 11 studies satisfying the eligibility criteria, ten were included in the meta-analysis, and one study was excluded because the majority of the children were younger than 12 months. According to the meta-analyses, there was no sufficient evidence showing that OCS reduced LOS, risks of revisit to GP/ED or rehospitalisation, or additional need for subsequent steroids or doses of bronchodilator (or short-acting beta-2-agonist, SABA). However, analyses were substantially restricted due to heterogeneous eligibility criteria and different summary estimates between the studies.
In the first stage of Phase Two, LOS was the most preferred outcome measure for the HPs (n = 255), whereas the change in WSS was the priority for parents (n = 10). In the second stage, seven HPs and nine parents participated in the consensus group meeting and agreed that change in WSS should be the top priority of the treatment. This result was used as a primary outcome for the IPD meta-analysis.
In Phase Three, the IPD meta-analysis showed that compared to the placebo group, the change in WSS at 4 hours in the OCS group showed a mean difference (MD) of -0.31 (95% CI = -0.38 to -0.24, I2 = 0.0%) in the two studies where data were available after adjusting for age (months), allergies and parental allergies. For the change in WSS at 12 hours, the MD in three studies was -0.02 (95% CI = -0.17 to 0.14, I2 = 0.0%). In five studies, OCS treatment was associated with an MD in LOS of -3.18 hours (95% CI = -4.43 to -1.93, I2= 0.0%). For revisit to GP/ED and rehospitalisation, the pooled ORs in seven studies were respectively 1.11 (95% CI =0. 86 to 1.43, I2= 0.0%) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.38 to 2.32, I2= 20.3%). According to subgroup analyses, OCS had a preferential benefit for children with moderate-to-severe wheeze, especially those with previous wheezing/asthma, history of allergies or parental allergy/asthma.
In Phase Four, the DOOR analysis demonstrated the possibility of understanding the global patient experience using a composite of efficacy and safety data of OCS for preschool wheeze. However, the DOOR did not support the benefits of OCS treatment for preschool wheeze when considering the change in WSS, repeat healthcare service utilisation and AEs simultaneously. Although this study successfully constructed the DOOR outcome representing the total patient experience with the OCS course, there remain limitations in applying DOOR because it relies on the availability of data and the outcome definitions.
CONCLUSION:
This is the first study exploring a consensus outcome measure, performing IPD meta-analyses and applying DOOR methodology to assess the efficacy of OCS for preschool wheeze. It succeeded in incorporating stakeholders' perspectives in evidence synthesis using IPD from seven clinical trials. It provided more reliable evidence of OCS effects and found that OCS is beneficial for short-term outcomes (e.g., reduction in LOS) rather than longer-term outcomes. Thus, this thesis provides important insights into OCS use in the ED setting concerning risk factors. At the same time, it points out what needs to be improved in parent/patient involvement, data recording, and sharing to yield high-quality evidence
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
