438 research outputs found
Ruimtelijke consequenties van verschillende onderwijstypen
No full textArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Retrieval and reference
No full textKnowledge from study may be transferred in different ways: in words and images, via lectures and exhibitions, in the form of articles or books; and electronically.For the time being, the form used most frequently is written publication in text and illustration. However publishing on CD-ROM and the Internet are witnessing rapid development. Maybe this is going to have important consequences for the way in which people are searching for information. In this contribution we discuss some points needing attention for optimal accessibility of knowledge from study and suitably dealing with the sources used. We refer to handbooks for the conventional playing rules of reporting in writing such as clear and interest evoking titles of chapters and paragraphs, clear structure and table of contents, avoiding unnecessary jargon, a clear summary and their like.a,b The emphasis in this Chapter is on adequate pointers to references and the use of key-words.Before embarking, first, something about the way to stimulate potential readers to take notice of the information. It starts already with the cover and the titlepage. These give a first impression of what is waiting for the potential reader. With this author, text or images present themselves. One glance should make clear what the subject is; although it is sometimes attractive to confuse the reader. Starting from cover and title page, the reference data (copyright notice, year of publication, ISBN number, place of issue and publisher), table of contents, foreword (written by a recommending outsider or referee) and introduction, the reader is introduced from his own world into the world of the author. The author and those responsible for the lay-out should picture themselves in this process and shape the publication from the vantage point of potential readers (the target audience), their questions, their pre-suppositions, or lack thereof.Possible pre-suppositions of the reader should be supplemented or corrected. With this it is prevented that potential readers are thinking after a while “What the hell is this?” A clear text on the back cover, an index of key-words, a list of references and a sensible use of footnotes and final-notes are important conditions as well in order to achieve a publication that invites reading.Technical Ecology and Methodology (OLD)Real Estate Managemen
Identification of the members of the Maastricht Formation in Valkenburg, the Netherlands
No full textIn the city of Valkenburg a new underground parking garage is being built next to the Hema. For this project four boreholes were drilled in the Maastrichtian limestone. These cores were described and tested at the laboratory of the department of Geoscience and Engineering of Delft University of Technology to obtain the geotechnical properties of the limestone that are relevant to the car park construction. In this thesis, the cores are analyzed to obtain information about the local (structural) geology. This geological information is necessary to determine in which member of the Maastrichtian limestone the car park will be build and if there are faults in this area that can influence the project. The Maastricht Formation is divided into six members, each having its own characteristics. To determine from which member of the Maastricht Formation the cores are, data from various sources has been interpreted and integrated. The geotechnical description and testing of the cores made by TU Delft have been used. Gamma-ray logs have been recorded (by others) in three of the boreholes made for the car park project. They have been segmented, by the authors of this report, in the hope to determine boundaries between the different members. Also XRF analyses for the mineral content; analyses of fossil remains, limestone color and cherts have been conducted. Their results have been correlated with information found in the literature for each member. The following conclusions have been drawn. Very few macro-fossils have been found in the cores. From this information, the presence of members known for their high content in fossils is excluded, so this conclusion confirms that the cores are not drilled in the Meerssen member. The specific characteristics of the cherts confirmed the occurrence of some members of the Maastricht Formation in the Valkenburg cores. The pipe shaped cherts confirmed the Emael member, and the brown grey cherts confirmed the Gronsveld or the Valkenburg. From the XRF results the percentages of silica was less than 15% for the deepest samples taken in the core linings and according to literature the Valkenburg member has a silica content of approximately 15%, confirming that the Valkenburg member is not reached. The XRF analysis gave unexpected results. Some limestone cores were found to contain gypsum and/or have a silica content higher than what has been reported in the literature. The patterns observed on the gamma logs could not be explained by the XRF results. They are not well understood. Some could be observed in two boreholes and not in the third one. The authors concluded that the cores have been drilled in the Emael to the Gronsveld member. They did not reject the possibility that the members of the Maastrichtian found in Valkenburg do not have the same characteristics as the members found elsewhere in Limburg, for example, Maastricht. During the interpretation of the provided gamma ray logs, some difficulties were encountered. The XRF results stated that the high gamma ray peaks are not caused by higher potassium contents, which is often expected. If higher potassium contents are excluded, the expectation is that the peaks are due to the presence of organic matter, but this was not confirmed by the XRF either. Because of variations in the gamma ray logs and the core descriptions, it is difficult to reject the presence of any small fault intersecting the future car park. Note that the observed variations could well be due to local variations in the sedimentation conditions.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Shear strength of Bremanger sandstone rockf ill at low stress
No full textThe Bremanger Sandstone rock fill is used to form a cobble beach, to build an underwater foundation layer of a sea water breaker and to construct a run -way for a large crane in construction of Maasvlakte 2 (MV2), the extension of Rotterdam harbor. The main purpose of this work is to determine in the laboratory the strength of Bremanger rock fills under low stress. Tests are conducted on rock fills with a finer particle size distribution than that used at MV2. Results obtained cannot be directly used in the design of MV2 project. The influence of the testing equipment, for a given ratio of the equipment size to the particle size, of the degree of compaction and of the particle strength on the strength of the Bremanger rock fill are investigated. The effect of the test boundary conditions is researched by conducting tests with a triaxial cell apparatus, medium and small scale shear boxes and a tilt apparatus. The movement of particles was also studied during medium scale shear box testing to get a better insight into this effect. Emphasis is put on determining the contribution of dilatancy to the shear resistance of the Bremanger sandstone rock fills with respect to the contribution to resistance to rolling of particles. For this purpose, dilatancy is measured during testing and the basic friction angle of the Bremanger rock fill is determined on sandblasted rock discontinuities with a Golder shear box. The basic friction angle controls the resistance to rotation of smooth particles. Test results are fitted using empirical models. The performance of these models at predicting the strength of the tested materials is assessed.Geo-EngineeringGeotechnologyCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Rehabilitation of the fishery harbour of Dodanduwa
No full textDodanduwa is a small fishery village in the south-west of Sri Lanka, about 20.000 inhabitants are dependent on the fishery industry. Currently the harbour facilities, that were constructed in 2009, are hard to reach due to the wave conditions and sedimentation at the harbour entrance. The Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development initiated a rehabilitation project in 2015. In this report the issues at the Dodanduwa harbour area are thoroughly investigated and conceptual solutions are presented. The goal of this report is to provide several durable and feasible conceptual designs for the fishery harbour of Dodanduwa; which fulfil the needs of the community on the longer term, taking the socio-economic and environmental effects into account. This goal is reached by answering five sub questions: 1. What does the coastal system look like? 2. What is causing navigability issues at the harbour? 3. What are the involved parties and what are their interests? 4. What is the impact of the improved harbour on the surrounding area? 5. Which requirements should be considered when designing the harbour improvement? The report is divided into three parts: the preliminary study, the conceptual design and the evaluation. In 2009 the first major adjustment has been made to the Dodanduwa fishery harbour, a breakwater was constructed at the northern bay. The breakwater was only partly constructed, resulting in a less safe situation in the harbour. The redevelopment plans of the harbour involve ensuring safe navigation inside the harbour area and enough accessible anchorage capacity for the coming 10 years. To solve the issues in the Dodanduwa harbour on the long term, five different conceptual designs are presented. At the end of the design phase some recommendations are given. Six general recommendations are presented, closing with separate recommendations for the design of the hydraulic structures. Before continuing with the final design the expected future fleet should be investigated more thoroughly. Large uncertainties in the expected future fleet may lead to a non-functional harbour improvement. Another uncertainty is the effect of an all year open river mouth; with stakeholder interviews and research on salt water intrusion this should be cleared out. For a better prediction of the impact of the hydraulic structures on the coastline, performing wave and sediment modelling provides more insight. The extension of the current breakwater must be further investigated, the safety level of the current breakwater must be determined. The transition between the current breakwater and the new breakwater may not lead to a weak spot. The current preliminary designs are based on several assumptions due to data limitations. For the final designs it is strongly recommended that all investigations, such as bathymetry measurements and soil investigations, are performed properly. The financial feasibility of the project is uncertain, multiple fishery harbours in the region are already constructed. A study to determine total life cycle costs must be performed to determine the financial feasibility.Civil Engineering and GeosciencesMDP 20
Medium size shear box testing to determine the shear strength of Bremanger rock fill
No full textgeo engineeringGeotechnologyCivil Engineering and Geoscience
An X-ray tomographic investigation into the effects of compressive shear on analogues to charred seeds embedded in archaeological sand
No full textBy signing the Valletta Treaty, several countries have obliged themselves to save archaeological heritage sites and fund relevant research. UNDERSTRESS is a proposal for funding which does research and provides data to predict damage done to such archaeological site by construction of linear infrastructure. As a preliminary study this BSc thesis is carried out in the framework of UNDERSTRESS. Although research has been done on archaeological artefacts embedded in sand, charred organic seeds have not been investigated thoroughly yet. The sand, which comes from a depot near Dronten in the Netherlands, has been used because multiple archaeological artefacts have been found in that sand layer. As analogue for the charred organic seeds coco pops, the cereal, have been used. The characteristics of the sand as well as of the coco pops have been investigated. A falling height of fifty centimetres has proven to create a reproducible density. To test the damage to the coco pops samples have been triaxial tested with a vacuum pressure applied of 80 kPA. This vacuum pressure create an effective confining pressure of 80 kPA as well. With the falling height and the confining pressure, a sample configuration in which two layers of coco pops are placed, the damage to those coco pops is zero when applied to a strain of five millimetres. The damage is made visible by using 3D visualising software called Avizo. The grain have not been damage during that test and they have not reallocated as well. For another configuration the coco pops did not react the same. The entire sample was filled with coco pops and sand as supporting material and this time the strain was 15 millimetres. Three scans made at three different times during the loading show that the coco pops are not damaged until after the sample has reached its maximum stress. All the damage to the coco pops as well as the reallocation of the coco pops happens between the peak stress and the unloading. At the slice where the radial deformation of the sample is the largest are all coco pops are damaged with most of them crushed. Two centimetres above and below this slice, the coco pops are partially damage and further away from this slice, the coco pops are not damaged. In total, 10 percent is damaged during the loading. The coco pops are damaged so severely, not much information they have stored would be available if it were charred organic seeds. The charred organic seeds do have twice the strength of a coco pop according to earlier research.Geo-EngineeringGeoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Applicability of the needle penetrometer: The upper strength limit, effects of saturation, different needle types and the F/d relation
No full textIn this study the applicability of the needle penetrometer is investigated. The needle penetrometer is a device which gives an indication of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength(UCS) by pushing a needle in a rock and measuring both the penetration depth and the applied force. More specific; research has been done to different needle types, the upper strength limit of the needle penetrometer, the effect of saturation and the relation between the force and the penetration depth. These limits were tested and found with multiple different needles and on multiple different samples. As far as the needles concerned, the Chenille 22 needle is a very good replacement for the Maruto needle. The upper strength limit of the needle penetrometer depends on the needle that is used and the strength of the rock. The average upper limit is around 10 MPa. The cause of this is that there are deviations at the upper strength limit. These deviations make the results of harder rocks less reliable, such as a non-linear penetration rate when gradually putting more pressure on the needle . Saturated rocks are weaker than their dry counterparts. The last conclusion in this study is that the needle penetrometer isn`t the right tool to acquire the data necessary to conclude anything meaningful about the F/d relation, other than that the relation seems to be linear. Since the spread of the acquired data is too wide.Section Geo-EngineeringGeoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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