1,720,977 research outputs found
A Probabilistic Cognitive Simulator for HRA studies (PROCOS)
No full textThe paper deals with the development of a simulator for approaching human errors in complex operational frameworks (e.g., plant commissioning). The aim is to integrate the quantification capabilities of the so-called ‘first-generation’ human reliability assessment (HRA) methods with a cognitive evaluation of the operator. The simulator allows analysing both error prevention and error recovery. It integrates cognitive human error analysis with standard hazard analysis methods (Hazop and event tree) by means of a ‘semi static approach’. The comparison between the results obtained through the proposed approach and those of a traditional HRA method such as human error assessment and reduction technique, shows the capability of the simulator to provide coherent and accurate analysis
Editorial
Full text linkEditorial of the Special issue articles on Human and organisational factors in risk and maintenance managemen
A multi-discipline method to assess the human performance in manufacturing industry for safety and quality optimization
No full textNowadays the majority of organizations operating in manufacturing field recognize the importance of including the Human Factor contribution in the industrial process optimization (Hong et al. 2007). Technical measures and work organization procedures have been optimized in order to reduce the defects and waste generation but the Human Performance prediction still represents for Managers a difficult task to deal with.The prediction of the human performances of all workers involved in a production system would help Managers in better allocating the human resources. In order to reach this objective, a model to quantify the human capability of managing a complex task in a working context characterized by a set of physical, organizational and cognitive factors was designed.This paper presents the preliminary results of a three years industry/academia partnership project to assess the human performance in manufacturing plant. A multi-discipline approach involving both technical and individual factors was adopted
Human and organizational factors assessment and their use as potential safety barriers
No full textThis paper presents a statistical analysis of past accidents that occurred between 1988 and 2012 reported to the European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (eMARS) focusing on human and organizational factor (HOF) assessment. The main purpose of this analysis is to provide guidelines for the HOF analysis and its quantification for accident risk assessment in chemical process industries. In this analysis both operational and diagnostic layers are considered with respect to human actions. For the purpose of this analysis, five identified organizational factors have been selected as Performance Shaping Factors (PSF) for human actions/interventions. The SPAR- H model has been applied to evaluate the affect of PSFs on the human reliability. The overall framework has been modeled by using a newly developed approach, the Method for Error Deduction and Incident Analysis (MEDIA). In MEDIA new HOF action- based taxonomies have also been developed. By using a score method it is possible to identify the most critical PSF for human reliability, which should be improved in order to improve the overall human reliability
Human performance in manufacturing tasks: Optimization and assessment of required workload and capabilities
Full text linkThis paper discusses some examples where human performance and or human error prediction was achieved by using a modified version of the Rasch model(1980), where the probability of a specified outcome is modelled as a logistic function of the difference between the person capacity and item difficulty. The model needs to be modified to take into account an outcome that may not be dichotomous and o take into account the interaction between two macro factors: (a) Task complexity: that summarises all factors contributing to physical and mental workload requirements for execution of a given operative task & (b) Human capability: that considered the skills, training and experience of the people facing the tasks, representing a synthesis of their physical and cognitive abilities to verify whether or not they are matching the task requirements. Task complexity can be evaluated as a mathematical construct considering the compound effects of Mental Workload Demands and Physical Workload Demands associated to an operator task. Similarly, operator capability can be estimated on the basis of the operators' set of cognitive capabilities and physical conditions. The examples chosen for the application of the model were quite different: one is a set of assembly workstation in large computer manufacturing company and the other a set of workstation in the automotive sector. This paper presents and discusses the modelling hypothesis, the interim field data collection, results and possible future direction of the studies.
La gestione dell’errore nel commissioning di sistemi complessi: il metodo CEHAM (Cognitive Error Handling Analysis Method)
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Human and organizational factors assessment and their use as potential safety barriers
No full textThis paper presents a statistical analysis of past accidents that occurred between 1988 and 2012 reported to the European Commission's Major Accident Reporting System (eMARS) focusing on human and organizational factor (HOF) assessment. The main purpose of this analysis is to provide guidelines for the HOF analysis and its quantification for accident risk assessment in chemical process industries. In this analysis both operational and diagnostic layers are considered with respect to human actions. For the purpose of this analysis, five identified organizational factors have been selected as Performance Shaping Factors (PSF) for human actions/interventions. The SPAR-H model has been applied to evaluate the affect of PSFs on the human reliability. The overall framework has been modeled by using a newly developed approach, the Method for Error Deduction and Incident Analysis (MEDIA). In MEDIA new HOF action-based taxonomies have also been developed. By using a score method it is possible to identify the most critical PSF for human reliability, which should be improved in order to improve the overall human reliability
Risk-based optimization of operational procedures
No full textThe maturity of management systems allows drawing the conclusion that in modern industries the activities are mostly written, consolidated and verified within operational procedures. This also applies for the activities that are carried out infrequently, e.g., rare maintenance or testing activities, that being uncommon, are less known and thus characterized by an higher potential risk. In order to optimize the procedure, both from the productivity and from the safety (occupational and process) point of view, a risk assessment of the procedure has to be performed, highlighting which of the tasks within the procedure mainly contributes to the risk of the working activity. Usually the analysis of the procedures is carried on through a task analysis (as in Builes et al., 2014). In this paper the task analysis is used as a starting point for a quantitative risk assessment carried on through an integrated decision analysis (as in Leva et al., 2015). Through the integrated decision analysis, the logical-probabilistic model of the procedure is elaborated jointly with a consequences estimation obtaining a risk assessment for all the sequences of tasks from work procedure under analysis. The comparative risk analysis considered two (original and optimized) procedure alternatives. The risk assessment considered both possible equipment failures and the potential personnel errors in executing, mainly manual, testing procedure. In this paper, an application of the integrated decision analysis, through the SPACCO software tool, is shown for a cold water pressure test of the LPG storage tank in industrial installation. The risk has been assessed in terms of delays in the operations and economical impact in case of occupational and/or process accidents. Observing the variation of the risk distribution the procedure optimization has been performed and the risk reduction calculated
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