34 research outputs found
Abundance of arithmetic progressions in -sets
No full textH.Furstenberg and E.Glasner proved that for an arbitrary , any piecewise syndetic set of integers contains a -term arithmetic progression and the collection of such progressions is itself piecewise syndetic in The above result was extended for arbitrary semigroups by V. Bergelson and N. Hindman, using the algebra of the Stone-Čech compactification of discrete semigroups. However, they provided an abundance for various types of large sets. In \cite{DHS}, the first author, Neil Hindman and Dona Strauss introduced two notions of large sets, namely, -set and -set. In \cite{BG}, V. Bergelson and D. Glasscock introduced another notion of largeness, which is analogous to the notion of -set, namely - set. All these sets contain arithmetic progressions of arbitrary length. In \cite{DG}, the second author and S. Goswami proved that for any -set, , the collection is a -set in . In this article, we prove the same for -sets.8 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2108.0520
The binding of the B-chain of ricin to Burkitt lymphoma cells A new approach to ligand-receptor interaction studies
No full textAbstractIt is shown that conformational changes of receptor proteins brought about by binding of a ligand induce changes in the lipid environment of the receptor that can be monitored by fluorescent lipid probes. On this basis a new approach to studies of ligand-receptor binding is proposed. Using the interaction of the ricin B-chain with Burkitt lymphoma cells as an example and fluorescent labelled sphingomyelin as a probe, the ligand-induced changes of fluorescence anisotropy were shown to be concentration-dependent and to permit determination of the binding constant and the number of receptor-binding sites. The method was found to be specific and highly sensitive, allowing detection of the action of one RB molecule per cell. Scatchard analysis of the binding of 125I-RB demonstrated the presence on the cell surface of two binding sites with Kd ~ 10−10 and ~ 10−8 M, respectively. Only the high-affinity sites were detected by the fluorescence technique. Saturation of these sites resulted in maximum inhibition of protein synthesis
Sialylated lactosylceramides. Possible inducers of non-specific immunosuppression and atherosclerotic lesions
No full textBiochemical Alterations of Erythrocytes as an Indicator of Mental Disorders: An Overview
No full textThe effect of lipid composition and physical state of phospholipid monolayer on the binding and incorporation of a basic amphipathic peptide from the C-terminal region of the HIV envelope protein gp41
No full textVictims and Perpetrators: An Argument for Comparative Liability in Criminal Law
No full textThis article challenges the legal rule according to which the victim’s conduct is irrelevant to the determination of the perpetrator’s criminal liability. The author attacks this rule from both positive and normative perspectives, and argues that criminal law should incorporate an affirmative defense of comparative liability. This defense would fully or partially exculpate the defendant if the victim by his own acts has lost or reduced his right not to be harmed.
Part I tests the descriptive accuracy of the proposition that the perpetrator’s liability does not depend on the conduct of the victim. Criminological and victimological studies strongly suggest that criminal liability may be properly evaluated only in the context of the victim-perpetrator interaction. Moreover, criminal law itself has a number of doctrines, such as consent, self-defense and (to some degree) provocation, which include victims’ actions in the determination of perpetrators’ liability.
Part II makes a normative claim that victims’ actions should reduce or eliminate the perpetrator’s liability in all appropriate cases and not merely in the context of a few distinct defenses. This claim draws on:
(a) the just desert principle which requires that individuals be punished only for the amount of harm caused by them and not by the victim himself;
(b)the efficiency principle, which requires that, in order to preserve the moral authority of criminal law, penal sanctions should not be overused and the law should develop in a dialogue with community perceptions of right and wrong;
(c)the consistency principle, which mandates that punishment-justifying considerations be applied systematically;
(d)the analysis of mitigating factors recognized at the penalty stage of a criminal trial; and
(e)considerations of fairness underlying the comparative liability reform in torts.
Part III proposes a basis for a theory of comparative liability in criminal law and suggests a method that makes it possible to distinguish between cases, in which the victim’s conduct should provide the perpetrator with a complete or partial defense, and cases, in which the victim’s conduct should be legally irrelevant. The author offers a unitary explanation to the defenses of consent, self-defense and provocation. That explanation lies in the principle of conditionality of rights. Pursuant to this principle, the perpetrator’s liability should be reduced to the extent the victim, by his own acts, has changed the balance of rights between him and the perpetrator. The victim can do that either voluntarily, by waiving a right not to be harmed, or involuntarily, by forfeiting this right as a result of his unjustified attack on some legally recognized rights of the perpetrator.
The article concludes with comparative analysis of factors that may affect the determination of the scope of the perpetrator’s liability. These factors include the magnitude of the affected rights of the perpetrator and the victim, the causative impact of their respective conduct, and their personal culpability
Three-Way Street: Jews, Germans, and the Transnational
No full textGavriel D. Rosenfeld is a contributing author, Between Memory and Normalcy: Synagogue Architecture in Postwar Germany.
Book Description: As German Jews emigrated in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and as exiles from Nazi Germany, they carried the traditions, culture, and particular prejudices of their home with them. At the same time, Germany—and Berlin in particular—attracted both secular and religious Jewish scholars from eastern Europe. They engaged in vital intellectual exchange with German Jewry, although their cultural and religious practices differed greatly, and they absorbed many cultural practices that they brought back to Warsaw or took with them to New York and Tel Aviv. After the Holocaust, German Jews and non-German Jews educated in Germany were forced to reevaluate their essential relationship with Germany and Germanness as well as their notions of Jewish life outside of Germany. Among the first volumes to focus on German-Jewish transnationalism, this interdisciplinary collection spans the fields of history, literature, film, theater, architecture, philosophy, and theology as it examines the lives of significant emigrants. The individuals whose stories are reevaluated include German Jews Ernst Lubitsch, David Einhorn, and Gershom Scholem, the architect Fritz Nathan and filmmaker Helmar Lerski; and eastern European Jews David Bergelson, Der Nister, Jacob Katz, Joseph Soloveitchik, and Abraham Joshua Heschel—figures not normally associated with Germany. Three-Way Street addresses the gap in the scholarly literature as it opens up critical ways of approaching Jewish culture not only in Germany, but also in other locations, from the mid-nineteenth century to the present.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/history-books/1058/thumbnail.jp
Influence of ganglioside GM3 and its breakdown products on lymphoblastic transformation and T-suppressor activity
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