25 research outputs found
Evarcha werneri Logunov & Azarkina 2018, comb. nov.
No full textEvarcha werneri (Simon, 1906) comb. nov. Figs 499–503, 515 Stenaelurillus werneri Simon, 1906: 1174 (D♂ ♀); lectotype ♀ (designated here) in NHMW, examined. Evarcha elegans Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000: 26, figs 37–44 (D♂ ♀); type series in MRAC, not examined. Syn. nov. Stenaelurillus werneri – Prószyński 1984: 139 (♀). Diagnosis The female of E. werneri comb. nov. (Figs 502–503) is most similar to that of the widespread African species Hyllus dotatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1903) (see Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2000: sub Evarcha d.), but differs in having a wider epigynal plate. A diagnosis for the male and a detailed description of this species were provided by Wesołowska & Russell-Smith (2000: sub Evarcha elegans). Material examined Lectotype (designated here) AFRICA: ♀, from “Afrika, Mongalla, Werner 1905” [Mongalla, 5.18002° N, 31.76798° E, currently in South Sudan] (NHMW). Other material NAMIBIA: 1 ♂, Karas Region, Okahondja shore, Washing, 26°39′ S, 16°52′ E, 12 Sep. 1974, S. Endrödy-Younga leg. (TM 19409); 1 ♂, same region, Windhouk, Enos Mt., 22°34′ S, 17°06′ E, 20 Oct. 1974, S. Endrödy-Younga leg. (TM 19216). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂, Limpopo Province, Pafuri (Wallers Camp), 22°25′ S, 31°02′ E, pitfall traps, 18 Feb. 2008, S.H. Foord leg. (NCA 2009 /2581); 1 ♂, same prov., Entabeni, ca 23°02′ S, 30°11′ E, 11 Feb. 2008, N. Hahn leg. (NCA 2016 /1727). Remarks According to the original description (Simon 1906: 1174), the author examined and described both the male and the female of this species (syntypes). In his diagnosis, Simon (1906: 1174) mentioned that the male of S. werneri was close to that of S. triguttatus, which is currently known from Nepal and Tibet (Wesołowska 2014a). Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the male are unknown; it is absent from either the NHMW or the MNHN. In order to assess the validity and taxonomic affinities of this species and to stabilize its taxonomic status, the studied syntype female was designated as the lectotype of S. werneri. The wide transverse plate of the epigyne and the conformation of spermathecae (viz., S-shaped membranous insemination ducts ending up by the heavily sclerotized, multi-chambered primary receptacles; Fig. 503) are evidence that this species is to be transferred to the genus Evarcha Simon, 1902. The larger problem of the generic assignment of this and many other African species of Hyllus / Evarcha is beyond the scope of the present paper and will be considered elsewhere. Having re-examined the lectotype female of Stenaelurillus werneri, it has become evident that the conformation of its copulatory organs (Figs 502–503) is identical with those of Evarcha elegans (cf. Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2000: figs 42–44) and therefore both species names are to be synonymized. Description Male See Wesołowska & Russell-Smith (2000: sub. E. elegans). Female (lectotype, designated here) The specimen is in poor condition, visibly faded and with half of its legs on both sides being detached from the body (Figs 499–501). Measurements: carapace 2.45 long, 1.70 wide and 1.20 high at PLE. Ocular area: 1.13 long, 1.53 wide anteriorly and 1.68 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.48. Clypeal height 0.18, chelicera length 0.63. Abdomen 3.05 long, 1.70 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.08 + 0.60 + 0.75 + 0.55 + 0.40 (3.38); II 1.00 + 0.55 + 0.58 + 0.40 + 0.40 (2.93); III 1.65 + 0.78 + 0.95 + 0.83 + 0.55 (4.76); IV 1.30 + 0.53 + 0.53 + 0.80 + 0.43 (3.59). Leg formula III,IV,I,II. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, rt 0-1, v 2-2-2ap; Mt pr 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pr pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1-1, v 2-2ap; Mt pr 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 1-0-2-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0- 2ap; Mt pr, rt and v 1-0-2ap. IV: Fm d 1-2-3; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt pr, rt and v 1-0-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 499–501). The specimen is markedly faded. Entire body, all legs, book-lung covers, spinnerets and palps pale yellow, with no visible colour pattern or patches; only black areas around eyes. Clypeus pale yellow, without hair/scale cover. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 502–503: epigyne as a transverse, slightly procurved plate (as in all Evarcha species); insemination ducts wide and membranous; receptacle elongated, its basal section round and markedly larger than distal sections. Distribution South Sudan (Simon 1906: sub. Stenaelurillus w.), Namibia (present data), Ethiopia, Tanzania and South Africa (Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2000; Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz 2008; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009; all sub. E. elegans) (Fig. 515).Published as part of Logunov, Dmitri V. & Azarkina, Galina N., 2018, Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae), pp. 1-126 in European Journal of Taxonomy 430 on pages 110-112, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.430, http://zenodo.org/record/378762
Karakumosa shmatkoi Logunov & Ponomarev 2020, sp. nov.
No full textKarakumosa shmatkoi sp. nov. Figs 103-141, 155 Lycosa alticeps (Kroneberg, 1875). – Schmidt, 1895: 450 (partim, misidentification). – Dunin, 1984: 55. – Minoransky & Ponomarev, 1984: 85-86 (all misidentifications). “ Lycosa ” sp. 1. – Ponomarev & Abdurakhmanov, 2014: 92-93. “ Lycosa ” sp. 2. – Ponomarev & Abdurakhmanov, 2014: 93. Holotype: ZMMU; male (Figs 105-106, 128, 132-133); KAZAKHSTAN, Atyrau Province, c. 20 km NE of Ganyushkino Vil., Zhuzguntyube stow (46°43’1.4’’N, 49°25’32.1’’E); 6.VII.1977; leg. F.A. Saraev. Paratypes: ZMMU; 1 female; same locality as for the holotype; 1.-10.VII.1977; leg. F.A. Saraev. – ISEA; 2 males; KAZAKHSTAN, Atyrau Province, Embinsk Distr., near Tengiz (46°23’49.9’’N, 53°25’22.6’’E); 8.VI.1986; leg. F.A. Saraev. – ZMMU; 1 male; KAZAKHSTAN, Atyrau Province, Embinsk Distr., near Koschagyl (46°48’17.3’’N, 53°43’50’’E); 19.- 24.VI.1987; leg. F.A. Saraev. – ZMMU; 6 males; KAZAKHSTAN, Mangistau Province, Mangyshlak, c. 10 km S of Fort Shevchenko, shore of Tyub-Karagan Peninsula (44°26’19.9’’N, 50°15’19.9’’E), hilly sands, pitfall traps; 17.VI.2013; leg. G.M. Abdurakhmanov. – ZMMU; 3 males; KAZAKHSTAN, Mangistau Province, Mangyshlak, Island Kulaly (44°53’31.4’’N, 50°03’13.2’’E), fine hilly sands, hand collecting; 19.VI.2013; leg. G.M. Abdurakhmanov. – MHNG; 2 males; same data. – PSU; 1 male; KAZAKHSTAN, Aktobe Province, c. 25 km ENE of Embi Vil., Mugodzhary Mts (c. 48°57’N, 58°39’E); 28.VI.2013; leg. A.O. Shkurikhin. – MMUE; 1 male; RUSSIA, Kalmykia, Yashkul Distr., c. 55 km NE of Yashkul Vil., near Utta Vil. (46°22’33.9’’N, 46°01’18.5’’E), hilly sands with sparse vegetation; 12.VI.1975; leg. A.V. Ponomarev. – ZMMU; 2 males; RUSSIA, Kalmykia, Chernozemel’sk Distr., c. 65 km SE of Komsomol’sky Vil., near Artezian Vil. (44°57’29.5’’N, 46°37’53.5’’E); 1.-4.VII.1976; leg. E.A. Khachikov. Other material: ZMMU; 1 female (Figs 136-141); AZERBAIJAN, Absheron Peninsula (no exact locality); no date and collector given. Etymology: The species is dedicated to our friend and colleague, Mr Vladimir Yu. Shmatko (Rostov-on-Don, Russia), who has been collaborating with the second author (AVP) in spider studies for many years and who took the majority of digital photos of Karakumosa species given in the present paper. Diagnosis: The male of K. shmatkoi sp. nov. is most similar to those of K. gromovi sp. nov. (Figs 59, 60, 64-69) and K. tashkumyr sp. nov. (Figs 142-154); it can be distinguished from the former by the presence of a low serrate flange at the foot of the median tooth (absent in K. gromovi sp. nov.; Figs 125, 134 cf. Figs 74-75), and from the latter by a narrower inner plate of the median apophysis, which is almost hidden under the outer plate (Figs 118-119 cf. Figs 148, 150) and by the shape of the synembolus (Fig. 116 cf. Fig. 149). In the sigmoid lateral edges of the epigynal atrium, the female is similar to those of K. repetek sp. nov. (Figs 95-96) and K. zyuzini sp. nov. (Figs 179, 182), from which it differs in the shape of the posterior transverse plate (developed as a low, inverted triangle; Fig. 122 cf. Fig. 96 and Fig. 179) and by the spermathecae being visibly swollen (Fig. 121 cf. Fig. 95 and Fig. 182). See also comments above under ‘Diagnosis’ of K. alticeps. Description: Male (holotype). Measurements: Carapace 11.00 long, 9.30 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE 0.40, PME 0.90, PLE 0.90, AME-AME 0.38, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 1.20, PME-PLE 1.15. Width of anterior eye row 2.25, of second row 2.95, of third row 3.65. Clypeus height 0.35; chelicera length 4.00. Abdomen 10.50 long, 7.20 wide. Length of leg segments: I 10.00 + 5.00 + 9.80 + 10.00 + 4.80 (39.60); II 11.00 + 4.50 + 9.50 + 10.30 + 4.90 (40.20); III 10.00 + 3.80 + 7.60 + 9.80 + 4.20 (35.40); IV 12.00 + 4.10 + 9.70 + 13.50 + 5.40 (44.70). Leg formula: IV, II, I, III. Colouration in alcohol (Figs 103-106, 126-127): Carapace dark brown, densely covered with yellowish white setae, without two wide brownish longitudinal paramedian bands. Sternum yellow-orange-coloured, densely covered with white setae. Maxillae and labium yellowish brown, with yellow tips. Chelicerae dark brown, their frontal and lateral sides densely covered with yellowish white setae. Abdomen: dorsum densely covered with white setae, with an indistinct cardiac mark outlined by brown lines; sides and venter yellow, densely covered with white setae. Book-lung covers yellow, densely covered with white setae. Spinnerets white. All legs yellow brownish, densely covered with white setae; metatarsi and tarsi of all legs ventrally darker (brown). Palp yellow, densely covered with white setae. Palp structure (Figs 107-112, 115-120, 123-125, 128- 135): Acutely pointed synembolic lamellae visibly convergent; median tooth developed as a large median claw with additional small teeth on its prolateral side and a prominent serrate ventral flange; proximal extension wide and hook-shaped; distance between proximal extension and median tooth wide, equal to two proximal extension widths; inner plate large, transverse-ovoid, its retrolateral shoulder extended and bent ventrad; conductor triangular, obtuse at its tip (pointed in other specimens). Female (paratype). Measurements: Carapace 11.50 long, 8.60 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE 0.35, PME 1.15, PLE 1.00, AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.18, PME-PME 1.20, PME-PLE 1.45. Width of anterior eye row 2.00, of second row 3.15, of third row 3.90. Clypeus height 0.50; chelicera length 4.85. Abdomen 14.00 long, 11.00 wide. Length of leg segments: I 9.80 + 4.10 + 7.00 + 6.20 + 3.50 (30.60); II 8.70 + 3.50 + 6.70 + 6.30 + 3.60 (28.80); III 8.00 + 3.60 + 5.80 + 6.80 + 3.60 (27.80); IV 10.00 + 4.50 + 7.00 + 9.50 + 3.90 (34.90). Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Colouration in alcohol (Figs 113, 114): Damaged and shabby specimen with abdomen detached from carapace. Carapace brown, densely covered with yellowish white setae and with two longitudinal lateral bands of brownish setae; carapace sides with wide marginal bands of white setae. Sternum brownish, densely covered with white setae. Maxillae and labium brown, with yellowish tips. Chelicerae dark brown, proximal half of frontal side densely covered with yellowish white setae. Abdomen: dorsum densely covered with yellowish white setae and with a large, wide, brownish cardiac mark; sides and venter, including book-lung covers, densely covered with white setae. Spinnerets brown. All legs and palps brownish yellow, densely covered with white setae. Palps with a claw at their tips. Epigyne and vulva (Figs 121-122, 139): Epigynal atrium twice as long as wide, with markedly sigmoid lateral edges (almost S-shaped); posterior transverse plate developed as a low, inverted triangle, its central part slightly elevated and pointed backwards; spermathecae straight and visibly swollen in anterior portion, directed antero-mediad, inclined towards each other. Comments: The males of K. shmatkoi sp. nov. examined display a noticeable variation in the shape of the proximal extension of the pedipalp which has either an obtuse (Fig. 132) or pointed (Figs 118-119) median shoulder. In the latter case, the proximal extension varies in its width, being visibly narrower (Fig. 118) or wider (Fig. 119). It is possible that more than one closely related species are here placed under the name of K. shmatkoi sp. nov. Unfortunately, the available material does not allow us to scrutinize the problem further; currently only one variety is known from both sexes. The problem needs special attention in the future when more material of both sexes from a larger number of localities is available. Distribution: Known from two localities in Kalmykia, Russia (Minoransky & Ponomarev, 1984: sub Lycosa alticeps; present data), and from several localities in western Kazakhstan (Ponomarev & Abdurakhmanov 2014: sub “ Lycosa ” sp. 1 & “ Lycosa ” sp. 2; present data) and Azerbaijan (Absheron Peninsula, Baku and Chilov Island) (Schmidt, 1895; Dunin, 1984: sub L. alticeps; present data) (Fig. 155).Published as part of Logunov, Dmitri V. & Ponomarev, Alexander V., 2020, Karakumosa gen. nov., a new Central Asian genus of fossorial wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae), pp. 275-313 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (2) on pages 295-301, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0021, http://zenodo.org/record/574371
Non-normality points and nice spaces
No full textsummary:J. Terasawa in " are non-normal for non-discrete spaces " (2007) and the author in "On non-normality points and metrizable crowded spaces" (2007), independently showed for any metrizable crowded space that each point of its Čech--Stone remainder is a non-normality point of . We introduce a new class of spaces, named nice spaces, which contains both of Sorgenfrey line and every metrizable crowded space. We obtain the result above for every nice space
Cyrba nigrimana Simon 1900
No full textCyrba nigrimana Simon, 1900 Figs 14–23 Cyrba nigrimana: Simon 1900: 389; Wanless 1984 b: 465, figs 12 A–G; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 27–28, figs 26–28. Description: Male (MRAC, 169807). Measurements: Carapace: length 2.05, width 1.45, height at PLE 1.10. Ocular area: length 0.90, width anteriorly 1.35, width posteriorly 1.25. Diameter of AME 0.42. Abdomen: length 2.45, width 1.25. Clypeal height: 0.15. Cheliceral length: 0.65. Length of leg segments: I 1.30 + 0.75 + 0.90 + 0.90 + 0.50; II 1.30 + 0.70 + 0.90 + 0.80 + 0.50; III; 1.00+ 0.50 + 0.85 + 0.90 + 0.45; IV 1.50 + 0.65 + 1.15 + 1.40 + 0.60. Leg spination: I Fm d 1 - 1-4; Pt pr and rt 1, Tb pr and rt 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, Mt pr & rt 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 ap; II Fm d 1 - 1-4, Pt pr and rt 1, Tb pr and rt 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, Mt pr and rt 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 ap; III Fm d 1 - 1-5, Pt pr and rt 1, Tb d 1 -0-0 pr and rt 1 - 1 v 1-2 - 2 ap, Mt d 1 -0-0 pr and rt 1 - 1-2 ap v 2 - 0-2 ap; IV Fm d 1 - 1-5 or 1 - 1 - 1-5, Pt pr and rt 1, Tb d 1 -0-0 pr and rt 1 - 1 v 1-2 - 2 ap, Mt d 1 -0-0 pr 1-2 - 2 ap rt 1 - 1-2 ap, v 1 - 0-2 ap. Colouration (Figs 14, 15): Carapace yellow-brown, with brown eye field and black around eyes, covered with white scales and brown hairs. Sternum yellow-brown. Clypeus and cheeks yellow, densely covered with white hairs. Chelicerae brown-yellow. Abdomen: dorsum brown, but medially yellow; sides and venter grey-brown. Booklungs yellow. Spinnerets brown. All legs yellow, but tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Palpus yellow, with brown cymbium. Palpal structure as in Figs 17–20. Female. For description see Wanless (1984 b; Figs 16, 21– 23). Material examined: SOUTHAFRICA: Limpopo: 1 ♀ (NCA, 2009 / 2172), Little Leigh, 22 ° 93 'S: 29 ° 85 'E, pitfall (10 days), Pterocarpus rotundifolius, collector and date unknown; 1 ♀ (NCA, 2009 / 2171), same locality, 22 ° 93 'S: 29 ° 88 'E, bk, Pterocarpus rotundifolius, 38798, [no date], V. Gelebe. Eastern Cape: 1 ♀ (MRAC, 169636), Ecca Pass Nature Reserve, ca 13 km N of Grahamstown, direction Fort Beaufort, 33 ° 18 'S: 26 ° 32 'E, 16.i. 1989, R. Jocqué; 1 ♀ (MRAC, 169721), same locality, under stones, 16.i. 1989, R. Jocqué; 2 ♂ (MRAC, 169807), ca 30 km E of Port Elisabeth, sieved litter of dune scrub, 17.i. 1989, R. Jocqué. Comments: Until now, this species has been reported as being known from the female only and from a few localities in South Africa (Wanless 1984 b; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009). Caporiacco (1947) reported a single male of C. nigrimana collected from East Africa (Pangani), but provided no illustration or description of this male. It remains unclear how the latter author could match the single male he studied with C. nigrimana described from a single female by Simon (1900). The problem of what species was reported by Caporiacco under the name C. nigrimana requires further attention. The male of C. nigrimana (Figs 17–20) is most similar (almost identical) to that of Cyrba boveyi, described by Lessert (1933) from a single male and redescribed on the basis of both sexes by Wanless (1984 b, figs 10 A – L). The latter author only provisionally matched the male of C. boveyi with the female from Kenya, which was selected because of its ‘most unusual epigyne’ (Wanless 1984 b: 465). The males of both species seem to differ in the slightly different shape of the tibial apophysis and of the sclerotied lobe M 2 (sensu Wanless 1984 a). Furthermore, the male of C. boveyi has its body covered with bright orange hairs (see Wesołowska & Haddad 2009, fig. 238), as in C. simoni, whereas the male of C. nigrimana is otherwise (Figs 14, 15). We have matched the male and females of C. nigrimana on the basis of their virtually identical body colouration (Figs 14–16). However, this matching must be considered provisional until a sample containing both sexes has been collected.Published as part of Azarkina, Galina N. & Logunov, Dmitri V., 2010, New data on the jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Africa, pp. 163-182 in African Invertebrates 51 (1) on pages 167-169, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.010
The relativistic theory of gravitation beyond general relativity
No full textIt presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper.
The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his generalization of Poincaré's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature, in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean spacetime
The relativistic theory of gravitation beyond general relativity
No full textIt presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original
texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S
Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with
the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper.
The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of
quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the
fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the
virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his
generalization of Poincaré's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the
physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they
apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by
those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and
angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature,
in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean
spacetime
The relativistic theory of gravitation beyond general relativity
No full textIt presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original
texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S
Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with
the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper.
The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of
quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the
fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the
virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his
generalization of Poincaré's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the
physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they
apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by
those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and
angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature,
in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean
spacetime
The relativistic theory of gravitation beyond general relativity
No full textIt presents the basics of the “Relativistic theory of gravitation”, with the inclusion of original texts, from various papers, published between 1987 and 2009, by theirs authors: S. S Gershtein, A. A. Logunov, Yu. M. Loskutov and M. A. Mestvirishvili, additionally, together with the introductions, summaries and conclusions of the author of this paper.
The “Relativistic theory of gravitation” is a gauge theory, compatible with the theories of quantum physics of the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, which defines gravity as the fourth force existing in nature, as a static field equipped with the transmitter particles of the virtual gravitons of spins 2 and 0, within the spirit of Galilei's principle of relativity, in his generalization of Poincaré's Special Relativity that allowed the authors to universalize that the physical laws of nature are complied with regardless of the frames of reference where they apply, integrated into the Grossmann-Einstein Entwurf theory, in its further development, by those authors, therefore, this theory preserves the conservation laws of energy-impulse and angular impulse of the gravitational field jointly to the other material fields existing in nature, in the Riemann's effective spacetime, through its identity with Minkowski's pseudo Euclidean spacetime
Low-Frequency Magnetic Scanning Device and Algorithm for Determining the Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Fractions of Moving Metallurgical Raw Materials
No full textThe development of an algorithm to automate the process of measuring the magnetic properties of macroscopic objects in motion is an important problem in various industries, especially in ferrous metallurgy and at factories where ferrous scrap is a strategic raw material. The parameter that requires work control is the hidden mass fraction of a non-magnetic substance that is present in the ferromagnetic raw material. The solution to this problem has no prototypes. In our work, a simple measuring device and a mathematical algorithm for calculating the mass fraction of the non-magnetic fraction in a strongly magnetic matrix were developed. The device is an inductance coil, in which the angle of the electromagnet losses is related to the mass of the magnetic material moving the coil. The magnitude of the instantaneous values of the lost angle integral was compared with the result of weighing the object on scales. This allowed us to calculate the proportion of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The use of this prototype is herein illustrated. The experimental results of the determination of the magnetic-fractional composition depending on the mass of scrap metal and its bulk and the magnetic characteristics are presented
