199 research outputs found
Meaning-making in a medical world: the art of talk therapy, the science of the biological model and the boundaries in between
No full textIn this study, I interview psychiatrists and psychologists (N=40) in order to assess their feelings about the role of medication, talk-therapy, and diagnosis in practice; in general, I explore what practitioners feel is the best modality for treating patients. Though there is extensive research on psychiatric paradigms, on prescribing patterns and trends in the use of talk therapy, there is to date no comprehensive project that involves interviews with mental health practitioners - doctors who have become central figures in American culture. I address the assumption in the literature that the classic Freudian, psychodynamic, or psychoanalytic model is at odds with the biological, diagnostic or medical model that dominates psychiatry today. In the 1980s, psychiatry underwent a dramatic shift its approach to treatment; the once dominant psychodynamic model gave way to the biological model, which is characterized by treatment with medications, short visits with doctors, and which targets assumed underlying imbalances of chemicals in the brain. Until the 80s, patients generally engaged in long-term, in-depth talk-therapy with practitioners who believed their problems stemmed from trauma, psychological development and repression. Therefore, psychodynamic therapists believed that uncovering the meaning of patients’ symptoms using the “talking cure” could relieve suffering. Today, there is little psychodynamic practice in the United States. Psychodynamically oriented practitioners are often accused of employing unscientific treatment methods. Most theorists suggest that the psychoanalytic and the biological model are irreconcilable in their assumptions about etiology and treatment approaches. Yet there are a handful of practitioners who choose to train in psychoanalysis to strengthen their talk therapy skills after medical training in psychiatry or graduate programs in psychology. Thus, practitioners negotiate the boundaries between the dynamic and biological paradigms. Given the major changes in the mental health field and the potential struggles for practitioners who work within multiple treatment modalities, I explore how the tensions between the psychodynamic and biological models affect psychiatrists and psychologists. In short, I explore whether and to what extent these potential clashes between these paradigms manifest in practice (and how practitioners avoid them in other cases).Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Dena T. Smit
\u3ci\u3ePLIVA v. Mensing\u3c/i\u3e and Its Implications
No full textThe U.S. Supreme Court ruling in PLIVA Inc. v. Mensing will immunize generic drug manufacturers facing failure-to-warn claims from state-law liability, and may also have implications for preemption jurisprudence more generally, says attorney Brian Wolfman and co-author Dena Feldman in this BNA Insight. The authors analyze the ruling, and offer their views on the questions that PLIVA raises about the ongoing vitality of the presumption against preemption, the standard for determining ‘‘impossibility’’ preemption, and the propriety of deference to an agency’s views on preemption
Social support trajectories and school outcomes among urban, elementary aged youth
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of social support trajectories among urban children during a one-year period and to determine whether these trajectories are associated with school-related adjustment. Conceptualizing support in this way provides important information about the developmental course of disadvantaged children that may not be obtained by analyses examining average changes in support over time. Participants included 402 students attending six elementary schools in an urban, low-economic school district. Students provided ratings of perceived social support from their family, teacher and peers during the fall and spring semesters of 2nd grade. Teacher ratings of academic competence, grades, and attendance records were collected during the fall and spring of 2nd grade and the spring of 3rd grade. Results indicated that although the majority of participants experienced consistent levels of ongoing perceived support, a substantial portion experienced categorically defined changes in support (i.e., support growth or decay). Membership in these trajectories was not related to gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Planned comparisons indicated that there were no significant differences in school outcomes for any of the family support trajectories. However, when teacher, peer, and cumulative support trajectories were examined, several significant differences emerged. Children who perceived highly supportive relationships at the beginning of the year, followed by decay, demonstrated academic advantages when compared to children who perceived consistently low support. Further, early deficits in supportive relationships were associated with academic disadvantages that persisted, despite support growth. Results also indicated that children who perceived relative support constancy had better school outcomes compared to those who perceived relative growth or decay in support. Together, these findings suggest that children's history of support is associated with a level of academic competence and achievement that endures, at least for a short time, even when supportive resources change. This has important theoretical and practice implications for young children in urban contexts.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95)
Dual role of starvation signaling in promoting growth and recovery.
No full textGrowing cells are subject to cycles of nutrient depletion and repletion. A shortage of nutrients activates a starvation program that promotes growth in limiting conditions. To examine whether nutrient-deprived cells prepare also for their subsequent recovery, we followed the transcription program activated in budding yeast transferred to low-phosphate media and defined its contribution to cell growth during phosphate limitation and upon recovery. An initial transcription wave was induced by moderate phosphate depletion that did not affect cell growth. A second transcription wave followed when phosphate became growth limiting. The starvation program contributed to growth only in the second, growth-limiting phase. Notably, the early response, activated at moderate depletion, promoted recovery from starvation by increasing phosphate influx upon transfer to rich medium. Our results suggest that cells subject to nutrient depletion prepare not only for growth in the limiting conditions but also for their predicted recovery once nutrients are replenished
Transcription Factor BETA2 Acts Cooperatively with E2A and PDX1 to Activate the Insulin Gene Promoter
No full textGenome-wide survey of cold stress regulated alternative splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana with tiling microarray.
No full textAlternative splicing plays a major role in expanding the potential informational content of eukaryotic genomes. It is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that can increase protein diversity and affect mRNA stability. Alternative splicing is often regulated in a tissue-specific and stress-responsive manner. Cold stress, which adversely affects plant growth and development, regulates the transcription and splicing of plant splicing factors. This can affect the pre-mRNA processing of many genes. To identify cold regulated alternative splicing we applied Affymetrix Arabidopsis tiling arrays to survey the transcriptome under cold treatment conditions. A novel algorithm was used for detection of statistically relevant changes in intron expression within a transcript between control and cold growth conditions. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of a number of randomly selected genes confirmed the changes in splicing patterns under cold stress predicted by tiling array. Our analysis revealed new types of cold responsive genes. While their expression level remains relatively unchanged under cold stress their splicing pattern shows detectable changes in the relative abundance of isoforms. The majority of cold regulated alternative splicing introduced a premature termination codon (PTC) into the transcripts creating potential targets for degradation by the nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) process. A number of these genes were analyzed in NMD-defective mutants by RT-PCR and shown to evade NMD. This may result in new and truncated proteins with altered functions or dominant negative effects. The results indicate that cold affects both quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression
Exconvento de Yanhuitlán: Oaxaca
No full textLa Información de está miniguía se basa en los trabajos de los historiadores fray Francisco de Burgoa, Ángeles Romero, Rubén Vasconcelos Beltrán y en el Archivo de la Coordinación Nacional de Monumentos Históricos del INAHEn la época prehispánica el lugar estuvo habitado por grupos mixtecos que en el siglo XV fueron sojuzgados por los aztecas. Durante la invasión española los habitantes de la zona no ofrecieron gran resistencia por lo que la ocupación se llevó a cabo de manera pacífica; los españoles conservaron la organización socioeconómica existente porque ésta se adaptaba bien a sus planes de explotación de los recursos económicos, de manera que preservaron y controlaron a la nobleza indígena. Hernán Cortés concedió la encomienda de Yanhuitlán a Francisco de las Casas porque esta población era de las más importantes y ricas de la mixteca. Yanhuitlán estaba ubicado en la ruta del camino real; fue alcaldía mayor y centro de una gran actividad mercantil ¡indígena, pues desde la época prehispánica formaba parte de la fachada del templo de Yanhuitlán ruta comercial que iba a Huatulco y de ahí a Guatemala; ese camino siguió usándose durante la colonia con la autorización dada en 1555 por el virrey Luis de Velasco.</p
Yuriria: Guanajuato
No full textLa información de esta miniguía se basa en los trabajos de Pablo de la Purísima Concepción Beaumont, José Gorbea, Mariano Monterrosa y el Expediente de Yuriria de la Coordinación Nacional de Monumentos Históricos del INAH.A los agustinos, miembros de una de las tres órdenes mendicantes que embarcaron hacia el Nuevo Mundo, tocó evangelizar lo que hoy es Michoacán. Aun cuando fueron muy entusiastas en sus fundaciones, el número de frailes que componían la orden en 1 533 era bastante inferior a los franciscanos y dominicos. En 154O el primer virrey de México, don Antonio de Mendoza, dio licencia y facultad provincial para que en el pueblo de Yuriria púndaro se levantara el convento que serviría de base para la evangelización de la región. Fray Diego de Chávez -quien tomó los hábitos en 1535- fue instruido en la construcción en Tiripitio y Tacámbaro. Por esa razón se le nombró maestro mayor y arquitecto en Yuriria. Se convirtió en un personaje legendario por su temperamento colérico y por el "Escorial" que aseguró haber construido en Yuriria.</p
La Catedral de la Ciudad de México
No full textLa información de esta miniguía se basa en el trabajo de Manuel Toussaint.Se pensaba construir la catedral a semejanza de la de Sevilla, España, que es de siete naves, pero desde la colocación de los cimientos fueron obvias las dificultades técnicas que tendría que enfrentar esa empresa. El proyecto se debe al arquitecto Claudio de Arciniegas y el alzado a Juan Miguel de Aguero. De 1581 a 1615 ie construyeron los muros a más de la mitad de su altura, así como los que separan a las capillas. Faltaban los de la fachada principal. Algunos pilares estaban edificados hasta los capiteles; otros al segundo tercio, y ocho bóvedas estaban terminadas. En 1629, la ciudad sufrió una terrible inundación, por ello Se pensó en cambiar la catedral a un sitio más adecuado, así se suspendieron los trabajos de construcción. La mudanza no se llevó a cabo y la erección se reanudó</p
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