1,721,024 research outputs found
Factors influencing mechanical properties of OSB
Get PDFWith more and more buildings built around the world, OSB is an important building
material. Learning about its properties can help people make use of the OSB panel effectivity. In
this paper, the author will examine the relationship between OSB and these factors by looking at
published data. Secondly, the author will introduce the production method of OSB, the structure
of OSB, the application of OSB, and the basic properties of OSB. This article describes which
factors affect the properties of OSB. It also helps to learn about how the properties of OSB
change in a particular case and how to manufacture OSB the most efficiently. People have tested
OSB at different densities under the manufacturing process according to the standard of SN EN
300 in order to reduce the experimental error. The results show that the mechanical properties of
OSB are better with higher density. Resin is another factor to affect the mechanical properties of
OSB. In the experiments, different types and amounts of resin to manufacture OSB are tested.
Then OSB mechanical properties are tested for the variations in manufacturing listed above. The
results show that the more resin used to a certain degree, the better the OSB mechanical
properties. The urea-formaldehyde and the Phenol - formaldehyde resins are two resins normally
used in OSB. The result shows that using the Phenol - formaldehyde for OSB displays better
mechanical properties than urea-formaldehyde. The species of raw material is another factor
affecting the mechanical properties of wood. In the experiment, the mechanical properties of
OSB made of pine, hardwood mixture, and aspen were tested. However, there is some error
caused by different manufacturing methods
The history of deforestation in Southwestern Ontario and methods used in afforestation of old agricultural fields – a literature review
Get PDFThe forests of southwestern Ontario were logged in the 1700’s for use by the
British and French navies as ship masts, spars and hulls. Early settlers cleared the forests
to make way for agriculture and settlements. The large-scale deforestation had
devastating results to the land and people. Erosion, flooding, drought, loss of wildlife
and fish habitat, the inability to grow crops and deserted farms resulted. Eventually, it
was recognized that planting trees was the only way that the damage could be restored.
As a result, legislation was passed to encourage tree planting but it took time and the
willingness of municipalities, landowners, government and concerned agricultural
groups for trees to be planted on a larger scale.
This thesis is a literature review describing the history of land clearing in
southwestern Ontario and explores the use of afforestation methods to regenerate old
agricultural fields. A great deal has been learned about the best practices for success in
afforestation. Understanding soil type, matching tree species to soil, species
requirements, planting methods, competition control and tending are all important
factors. After over two hundred years when deforestation started restoration of the land
still continues in southwestern Ontario as is exemplified by popular tree planting
programs in effect today such as the 50 Million tree program
Is wood characteristics mapping an opportunity to optimize the value chain in Northwestern Ontario? a case study considering eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) grown in the Thunder Bay District
Get PDFWood characteristic mapping was considered as a means for optimizing the value chain of northwestern Ontario tree species. A literature review was completed which investigated the relationship of wood morphology to wood characteristics and end use as related to potential opportunities for northwestern Ontario. It was found that there was insufficient study on the area of interest to make any definitive conclusions; save that research is needed. The literature did, however, provide a general understanding on issues being assessed. Based on the findings of the literature review, a case study on mapping wood characteristics of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) grown in the Thunder Bay district was completed. It was found that the greatest variability displayed by eastern larch wood grown in Thunder Bay district was between sites and radial position within trees. In all cases of statistical analysis, variance between sites was significant. Radial variability was significant for all the selected wood properties tested except for MOE perpendicular to the grain. Longitudinal or axial variability was significant in all the selected wood properties tested except for wood density
Wood properties of city street trees for utilization in forest products
Get PDFForest products are an essential part of the Canadian economy. Maximizing the
number of trees we can use to make forest products will be a crucial part of
continuing to produce forest products. The objective of this study is to determine
the viability of using city street trees for forest products based on mechanical
and physical properties
Comparison of Carbon Footprints: Mass Timer Buildings vs Steels – A Literature Review
Get PDFSustainability and innovation are key components in the fight against climate change.
Mass timber buildings have been gaining popularity due to the renewable nature of timber.
Although research comparing mass timber buildings to more mainstream buildings such as steel is
still in the early stages and therefore, limited. We are looking to determine the difference between
carbon footprints of mass timber and traditional steel and concrete buildings. This is done with the
intention of determining the sustainability and practicality of mass timber buildings
A partial review of electricity distribution reliability based vegetation management in North America
Get PDFIn recent years, utility vegetation management planners have incorporated a new framework into planning regimes: reliability based vegetation management. This report examines the vegetation management standards of forty North American electricity distributors. Distribution utility vegetation management planners, utility foresters, reliability specialists, and other delegates from the sample provided information related to their respective vegetation management programs. Company profiles and statistics were generated using this information. Study results indicate that, although all vegetation management standards of sample participants exhibit similarities, the ways in which each distributor approaches reliability based vegetation management differ
Cross laminated timber (CLT) future potential in Ontario compared with BC and Quebec
Get PDFCross Laminated Timber is a relatively new timber product in Canada
with a bright future The product is an advancement that is allowing the industry
to create products for larger structures and more specifically taller structures as
building codes allow for taller wood structures in the three provinces being
studied. This paper mainly focuses on whether CLT will progress in Ontario
compared with how it has in British Columbia and Quebec. The analyze will look
at the market, technological process, species used in CLT, and case studies of
CLT in BC and Quebec to predict if Ontario has the opportunity to develop its
own CLT production facilities. With global increases in engineered wood
products there is opportunities for Ontario’s wood industry to become a producer
of CLT products. The benefit of innovations such as CLT are many, such as using
a renewable resource to replace non-renewable resources in construction,
sequestering large amounts of carbon in wood products and wood products are
considered a carbon neutral product
Thermal modification processes, properties, and environmental impacts
Get PDFThis paper explores the different ways wood is thermally treated in particular
looking at thermal treatment processes, properties produced, environmental impacts and
market opportunities. Review is done on different processes that are currently on the
market and the properties that are developed through thermal modification such as
advances in thermal treatments such as colour stability, dimensional stability, and
durability against pests and fungi. Of all the variations of wood modification studied,
thermal treatment is the most advanced commercially. The pros and cons for different
thermal treatments are looked at and compared. The thermal modification of lumber is
recognised as a method to improve the dimensional stability. This review looks at
discrepancies of thermal treatments and the environmental consideration of the different
procedures. The objective of this thesis is to conduct a review of published literature
regarding thermal wood modification processes, properties, environmental impact and
market opportunities
Evaluation of Canada’s biomass policy in comparison to its Nordic counterparts
No full textThe transition towards renewable energy sources is considered one of the main
mitigation measures combating the effects of climate change. The use of renewable
energy, particularly those derived from forest biomass, is gaining traction in Canada
and the international scene. Nordic countries are seen as leaders in this field and has
therefore developed policy programs supporting the use of forest-based biomass
energy. This review focuses on four factors influencing the policy development process:
(1) Forest governance, (2) Land ownership, (3) Stance on natural gas, and (4) the
jurisdiction’s policies supporting the use of forest-based energy. The result of this
review shows that policy schemes must be coherent at all levels of the government. In
addition, all major industries strongly support policy programs, particularly those
incentivizing the transition towards renewable alternatives. Lastly, quantifiable goals
must be developed to provide a measure on the effectiveness of such schemes
Pre-feasibility study of applying a biomass-powered district energy system in Marathon, Ontario
Get PDFWith the energy price fluctuation the nation is currently experiencing, more and more people are
now looking into biomass as a substitute energy resource. Northwestern Ontario, with a history
of forestry operations and management for over a hundred years and a substantial net annual
growth of wood, has the potential to produce enough biomass to support the energy demand of
the local communities as well as take a portion of the national or international market. There
have been several previous studies within the region of Northwestern Ontario to assess the
possibility of applying biomass heating in remote communities to reduce the cost as well as add
energy supply stability. In this article, we examined the feasibility of applying a biomass-powered district energy system (DES) in Marathon, ON. A biomass-powered DES is proposed to
be constructed in the town center to supply the surrounding public buildings with heat. The cost
of the DES is 2,075,249 on fuel, which will make the return period of the initial investment 8.737 years.
The DES will also bring a GHG reduction of 3,712 tons annually
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