1,720,974 research outputs found
RT-PCR based strategy to identify Rabbit Haemorragic Disease Virus (Italy)
No full textRabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) and European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus (EBHSV) are two virus belonging to the Lagovirus genus. They cause a hemorrhagic disease in rabbits and hare, respectively. The high mortality (up to 100%), and the great contagious potential of the viruses make them very dangerous for both wild and domestic animals. The viruses have a number of variants, and recently a new RHDV variant has been widely circulating among rabbits, mainly in France. The variability of viruses may cause some problem in the molecular diagnosis. We set up a RT-PCR based method which could widen the efficacy of the existing molecular techniques, as it could detect simultaneously the variants of RHDV, including the French variants, and the EBHSV, furthermore discriminating the two viral species
Genetics basis of antimicrobial resistance strains of Salmonella typhimurium, southern Italy
No full textSALMONELLA SER. TYPHIMURIUM ISOLATED FROM RABBIT FARMS: CHARACTERIZATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
No full textSalmonella enterica infections are not common in rabbits, but, whenever they occur, they induce high morbidity and mortality and they also raise concern in terms of public health impact. Moreover, the worldwide spread of multidrug resistant strains complicates the treatment of infection in both rabbits and humans. Despite those premises, knowledge about salmonelloses in rabbits is still poor. In this study four S. Typhimurium strains were isolated from as many rabbit farms, and they were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, class 1 integrons and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed that a group of strains were circulating in Basilicata, and that it was indistinguishable from human isolates for PFGE profile, multidrug resistance pattern and genetic features, as they harbored the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) which characterized the S. Typhimurium strains which are widespread among humans all over the world. Our data suggest that molecular characterization is a useful tool to promptly recognize Salmonella strains which are potentially harmful to rabbits or humans
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)-like illness in Gouldian finches (Chloebia gouldiae)
No full textBeak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV) is a member of the genus Circovirus and causes the Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) in Psittaciformes. PBFD is a severe disease generally characterized by immunodeficiency and beak and feather disorders. Although Circovirus spp. has been detected in several nonpsittacine species, little is known about the symptoms and the disease associated with this infection in birds other than Psittaciformes. In this study, we reported the identification of Circovirus infection in a flock of Gouldian finches showing beak and feather disorders. Sequence analyses on the rep gene of the virus highlighted a strong similarity at nucleotide and amino acid level with the corresponding regions of BFDV from psittacine species. By contrast, it was more distant to circoviruses identified in finch and canar
Infezioni da Circovirus nei volatili d'affezione: approccio diagnostico clinico e molecolare
Full text linkIn questo lavoro, vengono riportate le esperienze
cliniche e di diagnostica di laboratorio
relative alle infezioni da Circovirus nei volatili
d’affezione. Nella maggior parte dei casi di infezione
osservati, mancavano le tipiche lesioni alle
penne classicamente descritte in caso di infezione
da Circovirus ed il piumaggio risultava
inalterato. Non sono state mai riscontrate inoltre
lesioni a carico del becco. Al contrario, in
volatili privi di alterazioni del piumaggio ed in
cui Circovirus veniva ricercato per uno stato di
sospetta immunodepressione, in quanto si evidenziavano
sintomi aspecifici come debolezza e
abbattimento ed una maggiore suscettibilità ad
infezioni secondarie di natura batterica o parassitaria,
la percentuale di positività all’infezione
risultava elevata. La diagnosi di laboratorio è
stata ottenuta mediante PCR, a partire da penne,
feci o, nei soggetti deceduti, campioni d’organo.
Tra i campioni analizzati, le penne si sono
rivelate particolarmente utili ed attendibili a fini
diagnostici permettendo agevolmente la diagnosi
in vivo, anche nei casi in cui le lesioni del
piumaggio erano completamente assenti. Attualmente,
vista la mancata disponibilità di un
vaccino commerciale, il controllo dell’infezione
è affidato al monitoraggio dei volatili prima di
ogni spostamento ed introduzione in un nuovo
gruppo. Allo scopo, il test in PCR a partire dalle
penne rappresenta un metodo non invasivo
per l’animale ma soprattutto efficace ed affidabile
anche in assenza di alterazioni esteriori a
carico del piumaggio e del becco che inducano
a sospettare l’infezione
TRASMISSIONE VERTICALE: UNA POSSIBILE VIA DI INFEZIONE PER I CIRCOVIRUS?
No full textIn this study, the possibility of the vertical transmission of Circovirus was investigated in a flock of infected Gouldian finches. The detected virus was previously classified as a BFDV strain by sequence analysis. Eggs were collected in the flock for three subsequent reproductive seasons. The DNA virus was found in the eggs only in the first reproductive season. 24,39 % of the tested eggs resulted positive. Circovirus DNA was detected in yolk while all samples of glair tested negative. The findings strongly suggest that the vertical transmission of circovirus is possible. Nevertheless, it seems to occur only in the first year of the outbreak
Genetics basis of antomicrobial resistance in clinical multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium, southern Italy
No full textInnocuità ed efficacia protettiva del ceppo attenuato Salmonella gallinarum SGP695AV nel pollo
No full textSafety and protective efficacy of the attenuated strain Salmonella gallinarum SGP695AV in chickens.
Fowl typhoid, caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum, causes heavy economic loss to the industrial poultry farms due to its strong impact in terms of mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, its management is quite difficult, as the infectious agent may remain in the poultry farms even during sanitary breaks. Therefore, many Countries have implemented strict preventive measures, leading the disease to be eradicated in many Western Countries. Notwithstanding, fowl typhoid is still widely diffused in the Mediterranean Countries, and in Africa, Asia and South America as well. Among the preventive measures needed to control the disease, the vaccination plays a pivotal role. To date, the only available vaccine consists of a rough strain of S. Gallinarum. The aim of this work was to assess the protective efficacy and safety of a live attenuated strain, termed SGP695AV.
At T0 and 15 days after (T15), 2x107, 2x109 and 2x1011 UFC of SGP695AV were administered per os to three group of 12 30-day old laying hens, termed A, B and C, respectively. On the other hand, a verified pathogenic S. Gallinarum strain, SG354 were administered per os to another group, termed P, at T0. An equal volume of physiological solution was administered to the group N at T0 and T15. Thirty-seven days after the first administration (T37), 5 randomly chosen chickens from the groups A, B, C and P were humanly sacrificed to evaluate the presence of SGP695AV in livers, spleens and guts. Contemporary, the other animals of groups A, B, C and N were inoculated per os with 1x1013 UFC of SG354. Everyday, each animal was observed to assess its clinical score on the basis of its symptomatology.
Serological test by rapid serum agglutination was performed at T0, T15, T37 and 15 days after administration of SG354 (T52). Daily, cloacal swabs were collected to evaluate the fecal excretion of SGP695AV and/or SG354.
The data we gathered showed that vaccine did not cause significant adverse effects in chicken. Before T37, Clinical scores was low in A, B and C groups, even when higher doses of the vaccinal strain were administered. Contrarily, the clinical score of the group P between T15 and T37 was up to 200 times higher than those of the groups A, B and C. After infection with SG354, the clinical scores remained low in the three vaccinated groups.
The excretion of SGP695AV was low and limited to the first 15 days. The fecal elimination of SG354 after T37 was equally low in the groups A, B and C, while was significantly more consistent in the group N
Dal pappagallo al diamante di Gould: un nuovo ospite per BFDV (Beak and Feather Disease Virus)
No full textBeak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV) is a member of the genus Circovirus and causes the Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) in Psittaciformes. PBFD is a severe disease generally characterized by immunodeficiency and beak and feather disorders. Although Circovirus spp. have been detected in several non-psittacine specie, little is known about the symptoms and the disease associated to this infection in birds other than Psittaciformes. Nevertheless, PBFD has never been described in non-psittacine specie. In this study, we reported an outbreak of Circovirus infection in a flock of Gouldian finches where beak and feather disorders were observed. Sequence analyses on the rep gene of the virus highlighted a strong similarity at nucleotide and amino acid level with the corresponding regions of BFD
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