77 research outputs found
AN ANALYSIS OF VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO MIDDLE-INCOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND BEEF PRODUCTS
No full textThis study determined probable future directions in U.S. value-added agricultural exports to middle-income developing countries (MIDCs) under the assumption of continued income growth. Import share equations for U.S. bulk, semi-processed and value-added wheat or beef products, as a percent of total U.S. wheat or beef product exports to each MIDC, were econometrically estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. The empirical results indicate that in most MIDCs, increases in real per capita income have negative effects on the import share of processed wheat products while having positive effects on the import share of bulk wheat. However, import shares of U.S. processed beef products are likely to increase with income growth in most MIDCs.International Relations/Trade,
Curr Pediatr Rev
No full textBackgroundThe Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) Project is a chronic disease risk factor surveillance, intervention, and research initiative aimed at combating the unacceptably high prevalence of heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses in West Virginia.Objectives and MethodsThe school-based public health project identifies health risk factors in children, educates families, informs primary care physicians, and provides resources to schools to help improve population health, beginning with children.Results and ConclusionDetails regarding methodology, results, and conclusions derived from this unique public health initiative that has screened over 200,000 children are the subject of this 18-year review.20172018-05-10T00:00:00ZU48 DP005004/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United StatesU54 GM104942/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States29345596PMC59448381058
Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support Training Courses for Parents and the Public
No full textT Cell responses to whole SARS Coronavirus in humans
No full textEffective vaccines should confer long-term protection against future outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with unknown animal reservoirs. We conducted a cohort study examining multiple parameters of immune responses to SARS-CoV infection, aiming to identify the immune correlates of protection. We used a matrix of overlapping peptides spanning whole SARS-CoV proteome to determine T cell responses from 128 SARS convalescent samples by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Approximately 50% of convalescent SARS patients were positive for T cell responses, and 90% possessed strongly neutralizing Abs. Fifty-five novel T cell epitopes were identified, with spike protein dominating total T cell responses. CD8+ T cell responses were more frequent and of a greater magnitude than CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.001).
Polychromatic cytometry analysis indicated that the virus-specific T cells from the severe group tended to be a central memory phenotype (CD27+/CD45RO+) with a significantly higher frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD107a (degranulation), as compared with the mild-moderate group. Strong T cell responses correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with higher neutralizing Ab. The serum cytokine profile during acute infection indicated a significant elevation of innate immune responses. Increased Th2 cytokines were observed in patients with fatal infection. Our study provides a roadmap for the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV and types of immune responses that may be responsible for the virus clearance, and should serve as a benchmark for SARS-CoV vaccine design and evaluation
Rural Media Literacy: Youth Documentary Videomaking As A Rural Literacy Practice
No full textThe author presents research on media literacy in rural youth by conducting a modal analysis of a collection of documentary videos made by rural youths from Appalachia, United States
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Behavior and load carrying capacity of stump anchors
No full textResearch was conducted to study the behavior and
load carrying capacity of stump anchors. A field testing
program was undertaken to determine the response and
strength characteristics of second growth Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) stumps ranging in diameter from
6 to 17 inches. Horizontal and vertical stump movements
due to an applied lateral load were monitored for each
test stump until "yielding" occurred. The stumps were
then fully uprooted, which enabled the stump-rootballs
to be weighed and the rooting systems to be observed.
Empirical relationships were developed between tree
diameter at breast height (DBH) and weight of the stumprootballs,
ultimate load on the stump, and depth to the
point of stump rotation. Responses of the stumps under
loading conditions were defined by power function
relationships correlating applied load with either horizontal stump movement or stump rotation. Normalizing
procedures were used to develop general relationships between load and stump movement or rotation. An empirical
predictive model was developed incorporating the relationships between normalized load, horizontal stump movement,
and DBH. A probabilistic approach to assessing safety
was proposed for use in lieu of the conventional factor
of safety method
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Modelling root reinforcement in shallow forest soils
No full textA hypothesis used to explain the relationship between timber harvesting
and landslides is that tree roots add mechanical support to soil, thus increasing
soil strength. Upon harvest, the tree roots decay which reduces soil strength and
increases the risk of management -induced landslides. The technical literature
does not adequately support this hypothesis. Soil strength values attributed to
root reinforcement that are in the technical literature are such that forested sites
can't fail and all high risk, harvested sites must fail. Both unstable forested sites
and stable harvested sites exist, in abundance, in the real world thus, the
literature does not adequately describe the real world. An analytical model was developed to calculate soil strength increase due
to root reinforcement. Conceptually, the model is composed of a reinforcing
element with high tensile strength, i.e. a conifer root, embedded in a material
with little tensile strength, i.e. a soil. As the soil fails and deforms, the reinforcing
element also deforms and stretches. The lateral deformation of the reinforcing
element is treated analytically as a laterally loaded pile in a flexible foundation
and the axial deformation is treated as an axially loaded pile. The governing
differential equations are solved using finite-difference approximation
techniques. The root reinforcement model was tested by comparing the final shape of
steel and aluminum rods, parachute cord, wooden dowels, and pine roots in
direct shear with predicted shapes from the output of the root reinforcement
model. The comparisons were generally satisfactory, were best for parachute
cord and wooden dowels, and were poorest for steel and aluminum rods. A parameter study was performed on the root reinforcement model which
showed reinforced soil strength increased with increasing root diameter and soil
depth. Output from the root reinforcement model showed a strain
incompatibility between large and small diameter roots. The peak increase in soil
strength attributed to roots was controlled by the small (<4mm) diameter root
fraction. These results were used to calculate the effect of timber harvesting on a
small, approximately 7.6 m^3 (10 yd^3), hypothetical landslide in a shallow,
cohesionless, forest soil. The root reinforcement model predicted a post-harvest
reduction in soil strength of 14 and 19 percent for a soil with and without 5 kPa
(105 lbs/ft^2) of cohesion, respectively
An Analysis of Value-Added Agricultural Exports to Middle-Income Developing Countries: The Case of Wheat and Beef Products
No full textAbstractThis study determined probable future directions in U.S. value-added agricultural exports to middle-income developing countries (MIDCs) under the assumption of continued income growth. Import share equations for U.S. bulk, semi-processed and value-added wheat or beef products, as a percent of total U.S. wheat or beef product exports to each MIDC, were econometrically estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. The empirical results indicate that in most MIDCs, increases in real per capita income have negative effects on the import share of processed wheat products while having positive effects on the import share of bulk wheat. However, import shares of U.S. processed beef products are likely to increase with income growth in most MIDCs.</jats:p
AN ANALYSIS OF VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO MIDDLE-INCOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND BEEF PRODUCTS
No full textThis study determined probable future directions in U.S. value-added agricultural exports to middle-income developing countries (MIDCs) under the assumption of continued income growth. Import share equations for U.S. bulk, semi-processed and value-added wheat or beef products, as a percent of total U.S. wheat or beef product exports to each MIDC, were econometrically estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. The empirical results indicate that in most MIDCs, increases in real per capita income have negative effects on the import share of processed wheat products while having positive effects on the import share of bulk wheat. However, import shares of U.S. processed beef products are likely to increase with income growth in most MIDCs
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