1,720,997 research outputs found
Scalable and high throughput fabrication of high-resolution diffraction grating by single beam laser interference lithography
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Scalable and high-throughput fabrication of periodic structures by single beam laser interference lithography
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Large-area and high-throughput fabrication of periodic structures by single beam laser interference lithography
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What You Think You Know: The Effects of Prior Financial Education and Readability on Financial Disclosure Processing
No full textDisclosures in advertising and other forms of marketing communication have been examined as a means to help consumers understand complex financial information and make more informed decisions regarding financial products and services. The authors extend inquiry into this supposition by looking at the readability of disclosures in relation to consumer financial literacy. In an experiment, it was found that while highly readable disclosures facilitate more accurate information processing for those with prior financial education, such disclosures might actually inhibit accurate processing for those without prior financial education. This suggests that policy cannot rely on mandated disclosure in marketing communications alone. Rather, disclosures in financial product or services communication can only be effective if such disclosures are paired with other forms of education leading to greater financial literacy.
Are pictures worth a thousand words? The effect of information presentation type on citizen perceptions of government websites
No full textWith the increasing disclosure of public information and government data through information and communication technologies, along with the considerable privately generated data now available online, individuals have access to a huge volume of information. This "disintermediation" of (i.e., greater direct access to) public information may improve transparency and facilitate citizen engagement, but it may also overwhelm citizens not only with too much information but also by requiring them to take responsibility for gathering, assembling, and processing information. Despite the importance of effective information processing to successful use of available information, existing studies have not yet fully integrated this consideration into research on citizen use of egovernment and open government data. Based on information processing theory-according to which individuals have a finite information processing capacity, which is affected not only by the quantity and quality of information but also by one's preferences for how information is presented-this study examined the effects of information presentation type (infographic versus text) on perceived information overload, along with the consequent effect of information overload on perceived website usefulness. We also investigated whether individual information processing propensity (visual or verbal) moderated the effect of information presentation type on perceived information overload. Our results showed that textual information tended to cause greater information overload, especially for those with a propensity for visual information processing, and that higher information overload was associated with a lower perception of website usefulness. Moreover, individual information propensity moderated the effect of information type on perceived information overload; people with visual information processing propensity were more strongly affected by the presentation of textual information. We discuss the implications of our findings for improving the communication of policy information through government websites.1
Readability of Korean-Language advertising disclosures moderates knowledge effects
No full textPurpose Government policy mandates information disclosure in financial communications to protect consumer welfare. Unfortunately, low readability can hamper information disclosures' meaningful benefits to financial decision making. Thus, this experiment tests the product evaluation and decision satisfaction of Korean consumers with less or more subjective knowledge and with or without personal finance education. Design/methodology/approach A between-subjects experiment examined responses of a nationally representative sample of 400 Korean consumers toward a Korean-language credit card advertisement. Findings Financial knowledge improves financial product evaluation and decision satisfaction. More readable disclosures improved evaluation and satisfaction among less knowledgeable consumers. Less readable disclosures did not. Consumers without financial education exhibited lower evaluations and decision satisfaction regardless of readability. More knowledgeable consumers and those with financial education performed equally well regardless of disclosure readability. Practical implications Financial service providers seeking more accurate evaluations and better decision satisfaction among their customers should use easier-to-read disclosures when targeting consumers with less prior financial knowledge. Social implications One-size-fits-all financial communications are unlikely to achieve public policy or consumer well-being goals. Government-mandated information should be complemented by augmenting financial knowledge and providing personal finance training. Originality/value Although almost a quarter of the world's population lives in East Asia, this is the first examination of readability in disclosures written in East Asian characters rather than a Western alphabet. Previous readability research on Asian-originating financial disclosures has been conducted on English-language texts. This study extends knowledge of readability effects to growing East Asian markets.1
On-demand design of spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers using an artificial neural network
No full textWe report an approach assisted by deep learning to design spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers that work in the visible range. We propose a five-layered metal-insulator-metal grating structure composed of aluminum and silicon dioxide, and we design its structural parameters by using an artificial neural network (ANN). For a spectrally sensitive design, spectral information of resonant wavelengths is additionally provided as input as well as the reflection spectrum. The ANN facilitates highly robust design of a grating structure that has an average mean squared error (MSE) of 0.023. The optical properties of the designed structures are validated using electromagnetic simulations and experiments. Analysis of design results for gradually changing target wavelengths of input shows that the trained ANN can learn physical knowledge from data. We also propose a method to reduce the size of the ANN by exploiting observations of the trained ANN for practical applications. Our design method can also be applied to design various nanophotonic structures that are particularly sensitive to resonant wavelengths, such as spectroscopic detection and multi-color applications. (C) 2021 Chinese Laser Press11Nsciescopu
이태준 문학에 나타난 이상적 공동체주의
No full textPrevious studies on Lee Taejun"s literature place too much importance on form, vague illuminism and nationalism of his novels. In order to overcome the limits of previous studies, this paper aims to examine ideal communalism revealed in Lee Taejun"s literature. Lee Taejun"s early short stories show influence of Oski Sakae(大杉榮)"s mutualism. Sakae(大杉榮)"s mutualism takes the form of an experiment and a collapse of ideal commune in Lee Taejune"s literature. This is noteworthy in that it shows Lee Taejun"s inclination distinguished from KAPF"s literary illuminism. In Lee Taejun"s novels written in the late 1930"s, influence of Uchimura Ganjo(內村監三) and Seongseochosun"(성서조선)"s nonchurch movement appear. This influence seems clear particularly in the Cheongchunmuseong" (청춘무성). The communalism in this work can be fully understood in the context of the influence of the nonchurch movement. Furthermore, this abstract communalism is related to Fascism in Beoleunchangmada"(별은 창마다). Lee Taejune"s change after Korea"s liberation from Japan should be considered, regarding the influence of Henry David Thoreau"s moral Previous studies on Lee Taejun"s literature place too much importance on form, vague illuminism and nationalism of his novels. In order to overcome the limits of previous studies, this paper aims to examine ideal communalism revealed in Lee Taejun"s literature. Lee Taejun"s early short stories show influence of Oski Sakae(大杉榮)"s mutualism. Sakae(大杉榮)"s mutualism takes the form of an experiment and a collapse of ideal commune in Lee Taejune"s literature. This is noteworthy in that it shows Lee Taejun"s inclination distinguished from KAPF"s literary illuminism. In Lee Taejun"s novels written in the late 1930"s, influence of Uchimura Ganjo(內村監三) and Seongseochosun"(성서조선)"s nonchurch movement appear. This influence seems clear particularly in the Cheongchunmuseong" (청춘무성). The communalism in this work can be fully understood in the context of the influence of the nonchurch movement. Furthermore, this abstract communalism is related to Fascism in Beoleunchangmada"(별은 창마다). Lee Taejune"s change after Korea"s liberation from Japan should be considered, regarding the influence of Henry David Thoreau"s moral resistance. Land reform in Nongto"(농토), particularly shows Lee Taejune"s remarkable ideal communalism. In conclusion, ideal communalism of Lee Taejune"s literature is influenced by Oski Sakae(大杉榮)"s anarchism, Uchimura Ganjo(內村監三) and Seongseochosun"(성서조선)"s nonchurch movement, and Henry David Thoreau"s original communalism
Optical characterizations and thermal analyses of HfO2/SiO2 multilayered diffraction gratings for high-power continuous wave laser
No full textSpectral beam combining technique is a simple and straightforward method to obtain a high-power laser beam. The beam combining system typically consists of three parts: fiber laser array, transform optical system and diffraction grating. Performance of the system (diffraction efficiency and laser induced damage threshold) is mainly determined by the diffraction grating. This paper describes a multilayer dielectric diffraction gating with high diffraction efficiency and low laser-induced damage threshold, which can be potentially used to obtain a high-power laser by combing laser beams. The diffraction grating is designed by coupled-wave analysis, and single-beam laser interference lithography is used to fabricate diffraction gratings. To verify the optical and thermal characteristics of the beam, we measure diffraction efficiency and the threshold for laser-induced damage. Finite element method simulation accurately represented temperature distribution in the grating during laser irradiation. This work provides integrated methods that include design of multilayer dielectric gratings, thermal analysis and device characterization using high-power laser.11Yscopu
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