1,721,172 research outputs found
Sorting of nuclear-encoded chloroplast membrane proteins
No full textAmong the many organelles in eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts have the most complex structure, with multiple suborganellar membranes, making protein targeting to chloroplasts, particularly to various suborganellar membranes, highly challenging. Multiple mechanisms function in the biogenesis of chloroplast membrane proteins. Nuclear-encoded nascent proteins can be targeted to the outer envelope membrane directly from the cytosol after translation, but their targeting to the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes requires multiple steps, including cytosolic sorting, translocation across the envelope membranes, sorting in the stroma, and insertion into their target membranes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the sorting mechanisms of proteins to the two envelope membranes and the thylakoid membrane, along with perspectives for future research.116Nsciescopu
Worst Case Eye Estimation Method considering Power Noise on Tx Output Driver and Channel Crosstalk & ISI in Interposer-based 2.5D Interfaces
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Compensation of ESD and Device Input Capacitance by using Embedded Inductor on PCB Substrate for 3 Gbps SerDes Applications
No full textPartial EBG power distribution network using remants of signal layers in multi-layer PCB
No full textFabrication and mechanical properties of a light-weight refractory Al0.1CrNbVMo high entropy allowys fabricated by powder metallurgical process
No full textHeritable Gene Knockout in Caenorhabditis elegans by Direct Injection of Cas9-sgRNA Ribonucleoproteins
No full textWe present a novel method of targeted gene disruption that involves direct injection of recombinant Cas9 protein complexed with guide RNA into the gonad of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biallelic mutants were recovered among the F-1 progeny, demonstrating the high efficiency of this method
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Triaxial Braided Composites depending on its Patterns
No full text브레이드 복합재는 높은 구조적 자유도와 우수한 파괴 인성으로 인해 자동차 및 항공우주 등 다양한 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 이때 브레이드 패턴은 복합재의 기계적 성능에 큰 영향을 미치므로, 제작 변수에 따른 패턴 변화 및 그로 인한 물성 변화에 대한 분석이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 3축 브레이드 패턴을 결정짓는 주요 인자인 심축 지름의 변화가 패턴 형성과 복합재 물성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 브레이드 방향 섬유 간 간격이 좁아질수록, 섬유들 간의 상호 얽힘이 발생하여 섬유이동이 제한되었다. 이로 인해 실제 제작된 패턴은 기존 이론적으로 제시된 형태와 상이한 구조를 나타냈다. 이러한 패턴 변화는 비피복 영역 (Uncovered region)의 비율을 증가시키고, 축 방향 섬유의 휘어짐을 유발하였다. 결과적으로, 축 방향 섬유의 휘어짐으로 인해 복합재의 축 방향 강성은 감소하였으며, 비피복 영역의 증가로 인해 축 방향 강도 또한 저하되었다.
The C. elegans regulatory factor X (RFX) DAF-19M module: A shift from general ciliogenesis to cell-specific ciliary and behavioral specialization
No full text© 2022 The Author(s)Cilia are important for the interaction with environments and the proper function of tissues. While the basic structure of cilia is well conserved, ciliated cells have various functions. To understand the distinctive identities of ciliated cells, the identification of cell-specific proteins and its regulation is essential. Here, we report the mechanism that confers a specific identity on IL2 neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons important for the dauer larva-specific nictation behavior. We show that DAF-19M, an isoform of the sole C. elegans RFX transcription factor DAF-19, heads a regulatory subroutine, regulating target genes through an X-box motif variant under the control of terminal selector proteins UNC-86 and CFI-1 in IL2 neurons. Considering the conservation of DAF-19M module in IL2 neurons for nictation and in male-specific neurons for mating behavior, we propose the existence of an evolutionarily adaptable, hard-wired genetic module for distinct behaviors that share the feature recognizing the environment.N
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