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Fig. 3. Trefusialaimus idrisi Leduc, 2013 in Halanonchus scintillatulus sp. nov. from New Zealand and a review of the suborder Trefusiina (Nematoda: Enoplida)
No full textFig. 3. Trefusialaimus idrisi Leduc, 2013, ♀ (NIWA139242). A. Anterior body region. B. Cephalic region. C. Posterior body region. D. Reproductive system. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B = 20 μm; C = 90 μm; D = 125 μm.Published as part of Leduc, Daniel, Zhao, Zeng Qi & Sinniger, Frederic, 2020, Halanonchus scintillatulus sp. nov. from New Zealand and a review of the suborder Trefusiina (Nematoda: Enoplida), pp. 1-45 in European Journal of Taxonomy 661 on page 20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.661, http://zenodo.org/record/388884
Bright Singh (D.) - Inflationary price trends in India since 1959.
No full textLeduc Gaston. Bright Singh (D.) - Inflationary price trends in India since 1959.. In: Revue économique, volume 14, n°4, 1963. pp. 609-610
Bright Singh (D.) - Inflationary price trends in India since 1959.
No full textLeduc Gaston. Bright Singh (D.) - Inflationary price trends in India since 1959.. In: Revue économique, volume 14, n°4, 1963. pp. 609-610
Trefusialaimus idrisi Leduc 2013
No full textTrefusialaimus idrisi Leduc, 2013 Table 1; Figs 3–4 Material examined NEW ZEALAND • 2 ♀♀; western Chatham Rise off the east coast of New Zealand’s South Island, Tangaroa voyage TAN0705, station 157, surface (0–5 cm) sandy silt sediments; 42.785º S, 176.715º W; depth 1029 m; 16 Apr. 2007; D. Leduc leg.; NIWA 139242. • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; NNCNZ 3330. Description Female Body cylindrical, slender, tapering slightly towards anterior extremity, with slight golden colouration due to the presence of numerous round, ca 1 μm diameter, golden inclusions. Cuticle smooth. Cephalic region rounded, slightly set off from body due to thickened cuticle and constriction immediately posterior to cephalic setae. Three lips, each bearing two small, conical inner labial papillae. Six outer labial setae and four cephalic setae in one circle, all with single joint; cephalic setae slightly longer than outer labial setae (6–9 vs 7–10 μm). Sub-cephalic and somatic setae absent. Amphid pocket-shaped with transverse aperture, ca 6–9 μm wide by 2 μm high. Buccal cavity funnel-shaped, without teeth. Pharynx cylindrical, slightly wider posteriorly, completely surrounding buccal cavity. Nerve ring situated at 49– 66% of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Cardia small, surrounded by intestine. Numerous sperm cells are present throughout the pseudocoelom between pharynx and anus, as well as in the uterus. Reproductive system with two opposed and outstretched ovaries, both to the right or left of intestine. Vagina at about two thirds of body length from anterior. Tail long, ca 8–10% of total body length, narrow, gradually tapering, without setae; spinneret not observed. Remarks The female specimens described here agree well with the male specimen described from the central Chatham Rise (350 m depth) in the arrangement of anterior sensilla, size and position of the amphids, presence of numerous golden inclusions and tail shape. The female specimens, however, were characterized by longer bodies (5004–5947 vs 4539 μm) and shorter tails (cʹ = 18–21 vs 38). This is the first time that female Trefusialaimus specimens are described. The structure of the female reproductive system in this species, which consists of two opposed and outstretched ovaries, is unusual for the Enoplida, although it has been observed in Cytolaimium exile (Trefusiidae), and Mediolaimus Tahseen, Sultana, Khan & Hussain, 2012 and Rogerus Hoeppli & Chu, 1934 (Enoplida, family Rhabdolaimidae Chitwood, 1951). It is unclear how sperm had entered the pseudocoelom of the female specimens we observed; however, the same observation was made previously for a juvenile of the same species (Leduc 2013).Published as part of Leduc, Daniel, Zhao, Zeng Qi & Sinniger, Frederic, 2020, Halanonchus scintillatulus sp. nov. from New Zealand and a review of the suborder Trefusiina (Nematoda: Enoplida), pp. 1-45 in European Journal of Taxonomy 661 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.661, http://zenodo.org/record/388884
Desmodora parapilosa Leduc 2023, sp. nov.
No full textDesmodora parapilosa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4ED46F36-0AEA-43BA-9EF5-0A2D799E7135 Figs 16–18, Tables 7–8 Diagnosis Desmodora parapilosa sp. nov. is characterized by body length 2.3–3.2 mm, jointed inner labial setae, outer labial setae and cephalic setae, main portion of cephalic capsule with numerous, irregularly distributed pores (or vacuoles), large amphideal fovea with 2.25 turns in males (smaller in females with 1.75–2.0 turns), buccal cavity with large cuticularised dorsal tooth, two smaller ventrosublateral teeth and two lateral, transverse rows of small denticles, arcuate spicules 1.3–1.5 cloacal body diameters long, short, plate-like gubernaculum, vulva at almost two thirds of body length from anterior and conical tail 2.6–3.5 cloacal or anal body diameters long. Differential diagnosis The new species is most similar to Desmodora pilosa Ditlevsen, 1926 in the shape of the amphids (spiral), presence of pores/vacuoles in the cephalic capsule, buccal cavity armature with rows of denticles and structure of the copulatory apparatus. Desmodora parapilosa sp. nov. can be differentiated from the latter by the jointed anterior sensilla (vs not jointed in D. pilosa), larger amphids (in males: 51–63 vs 37 % cbd in D. pilosa), number of amphid turns (2.25 in males and 1.75–2.0 in females vs 1.25 turns in males and females of D. pilosa), and shorter spicules (61–66 vs 72–96 µm in D. pilosa). Etymology The species name refers to the morphologically similar species Desmodora pilosa Ditlevsen, 1926. Material examined Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂; Hikurangi Margin, Uruti South cold seep site; 41.4251° S, 176.3510° E; 1226 m water depth; collected on 13 Jul. 2019; sandy mud sediment (91% silt/clay, mean particle size 23 µm), voyage TAN1904, station 62; NIWA154921. Paratypes NEW ZEALAND – Uruti South cold seep site • 3 ♂ ♂; same collection data as for holotype; NIWA 154922 • 1 ♀; 41.4260° S, 176.3506° E; 1237 m water depth; collected on 14 Jul. 2019; sandy mud sediment (94% silt/clay, mean particle size 18 µm); voyage TAN1904, station 68; NIWA154923 • 1 ♀; Uruti South cold seep site; 41.4253° S, 176.3509° E; 1235 m water depth; collected on 14 Jul. 2019; voyage TAN1904, station 70; NIWA154924. Type habitat and locality New Zealand continental slope, Hikurangi Margin, Uruti South cold seep. Description Male Long cylindrical body, widest at level of pharynx, with slight golden-brown colouration throughout except for main portion of cephalic capsule and intestine wall which which may be strongly stained by Rose bengal; rounded anterior end and conical tail. Cuticle coarsely annulated with annulations ca 1.2 µm apart; minute cuticle spines present on surface of cuticle, difficult to observe using light microscopy. Several protists often attached throughout body length and some specimens with patches of dense rod-shaped bacteria on outer cuticle, 4–8 µm long. Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae along entire body length, 4–6 µm long in pharyngeal and mid-body regions, and up to 10 µm long in precloacal region; subventral row of precloacal somatic setae associated with conspicuous epidermal glands. Welldeveloped cephalic capsule, 40–46 µm wide and 40–46 µm high, consisting of two parts separated by a sutura: a lip portion with relatively thin cuticle and extendable anterior portion and a main region with thickened cuticle (up to 7 µm thick) and comprising at least three quarters of cephalic capsule. Main portion of cephalic capsule with numerous, dense pores (or vacuoles) irregularly distributed except near base where pores may be arranged in transverse rows; sparse subcephalic setae present at base of cephalic capsule, 2–6 µm long. Six inner and six outer labial setae present on lip region; inner labial setae 2–4 µm long, outer labial setae 4–6 µm long. Four cephalic setae present at level of sutura, 3–5 µm long. Inner labial setae, outer labial setae and cephalic setae all with a single joint near tip where sensilla becomes markedly narrower.Amphideal fovea and aperture large, spiral with 2.25 turns and cuticularized outline, located on main portion of cephalic capsule; amphideal fovea slightly wider than amphideal aperture. Buccal cavity with large cuticularised dorsal tooth and two smaller ventrosublateral teeth; two lateral, transverse rows of small denticles also present. Cylindrical pharynx slightly swollen anteriorly and with oval posterior pharyngeal bulb. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Cardia 12–19 µm long, partially surrounded by intestine. Reproductive system monorchic with outstretched testis located to the right or left of intestine. Mature sperm cells globular or spherical, 8 × 8–10 µm. Short, arcuate spicules with well-developed capitulum, tapering shaft and distal end, 1.3–1.5 cloacal body diameters long; short, plate-like gubernaculum. Precloacal supplements and seta not observed. Conical tail with subventral and subdorsal rows of setae. Non-annulated tail tip without perforations. Caudal glands and spinneret present. Female Similar to males, but with smaller amphideal fovea with 1.75–2.0 turns and slightly longer tail. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries; position of ovaries relative to intestine not clear in one specimen, in other specimen, anterior ovary located to the left of intestine and posterior ovary to the right. Spermatheca not observed. Vulva located at almost two thirds of boody length from anterior. Proximal portion of vagina cuticularised; proximal portion of vagina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Vaginal glands present. Remarks The original description of D. pilosa by Ditlevsen (1926) based on Northwest Atlantic specimens did not include observations of male specimens or of buccal cavity armature. Ditlevsen (1926) did not describe pores in the cephalic capsule. Desmodora gorbunovi Filipjev, 1946 and Desmodora gorbunovi perforata Filipjev, 1946 were described based on Arctic Ocean specimens and later synonymized with D. pilosa by Gerlach (1963). The former lacks pores in the cephalic capsule whereas the latter is characterized by numerous pores in the cephalic capsule. Both of these are described by Filipjev (1946) as having a buccal cavity with a small dorsal tooth (although small ventrosublateral teeth may be present based on the drawings) without denticles. In his redescription of D. pilosa based on specimens from the Norwegian Sea, Jensen (1991) noted strong similarities between his specimens and Desmodora gorbunovi including the cephalic capsule with numerous pores, size and arrangement of anterior sensilla and somatic setae, structure of the amphideal fovea, and tail shape. Jensen’s specimens, however, have a buccal cavity with a band of numerous denticles, whereas Filipjev’s specimens do not have denticles. The descriptions of Filipjev (1946) and Jensen (1991) also show some inconsistencies in body dimensions and size of anterior sensilla and amphideal fovea (Table 8). Leduc (2021) recently described abyssal nematode specimens from the Southwest Pacific showing similarities to D. pilosa although inconsistencies in body size, dimensions, amphid size and cuticle ornamentation were noted. Despite the morphological differences between the Southwest Pacific specimens and the specimens described by Ditlevsen (1926), Filipjev (1946) and Jensen (1991), Leduc (2021) did not erect a new species because further data are required from the type locality of D. pilosa (upper continental slope of NW Atlantic) to determine the structure of the buccal cavity armature, presence or absence of pores in the cephalic capsule and male morphology of this species. A new species, Desmodora parapilosa sp. nov., is erected here because the Hikurangi margin specimens can be differentiated from the specimens described by Ditlevsen (1926), Filipjev (1946), Jensen (1991) and Leduc (2021) based on several key characters, i.e., the jointed anterior sensilla, larger amphids with greater number of turns, and shorter spicules. The new species also differs from the Southwest Pacific abyssal specimens in having a lower ratio of a, longer tail, longer gubernaculum, and smaller sperm (8 × 8–10 µm vs 10–11 × 16–19 µm) (Table 8).Published as part of Leduc, Daniel, 2023, New nematode species and genera (Nematoda: Chromadorea) from cold seeps on Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, pp. 1-45 in European Journal of Taxonomy 856 on pages 35-41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.856.2025, http://zenodo.org/record/752291
Pseudochromadora reathae Leduc & Wharton 2010, n. sp.
No full textPseudochromadora reathae n. sp. (Fig. 1–4, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype Adult male, collected by D. Leduc, January 2007, Harwood (upper intertidal), Otago Harbour, southern New Zealand 45º49’16.57’’S, 170º40’11.53’’E. Unvegetated sandy sediment (85% fine sand, mean grain size = 2.4 phi, sorting coefficient = 0.4 phi) with <1% mud content near stream (NNCNZ 265). Allotype Adult female, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2575) Paratypes Two males, two females, two J 4 juveniles, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2573-4, 2576-9); two males, two females, same data as holotype (NIWA 48774). Description. Males Short (550–665 µm) cylindrical body, golden colour, widest at level of pharyngeal bulb, tapering towards both extremities. Most specimens covered in thick mucus with adhering particles, difficult to remove. Ecto-symbiotic bacteria, 3–5 µm long, observed in most specimens, usually attached to neck region, but also in other parts of body (Figure 4 B). Cuticle annulated posterior to head capsule; lateral alae present from posterior to pharyngeal bulb to level of cloaca, extending to tail region in some specimens. Body annuli do not interdigitate at level of lateral alae. Minute, filiform, irregularly spaced spines (not visible under LM) in pharyngeal region, becoming sparser (except on lateral alae) and triangular in shape in main part of body (Fig. 3 A and 3 E). Eight longitudinal rows of somatic setae. Blunt, rounded head, slightly offset in most specimens. Cephalic capsule with very fine groove (sutura) in the cuticle separating lip region from main head region. Main head region usually wider than lip region. Lips often folded inwards (Fig. 1 E), sometimes extended (Fig. 3 B). Six setiform internal labial papillae, six smaller external labial papillae, and four cephalic setae located on labial region of cephalic capsule. Internal labial papillae inconspicuous unless lips extended. Loop-shaped fovea amphidialis and apertura amphidialis situated on main head region. Buccal cavity strongly cuticularised with one large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth. Muscular pharynx, always bent. Large oval bipartite oesophageal bulb with strongly cuticularised lumen. Nerve ring inconspicuous, excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis located on the right or left of intestine. Mature sperm cells globular, 6–7 µm diam. Spicules arcuate with large capitulum, gubernaculum with dorsally directed apophyses. Conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements, consisting of 8–9 cone-shaped structures with a central projection flanked by two cuticularised pieces (in lateral view). Central portion of pre-cloacal supplements consists of a star-shaped structure with six minute pointed projections (Fig. 3 D). Conspicuous paired gland cells connect with each supplement, gland openings apparently situated between supplements (Fig. 3 D). Tail conical with clear spinneret and three caudal glands. Amorphous material often seen protruding from tail tip. Females Similar to males, but with unispiral apertura amphidialis and loop-shaped fovea amphidialis. Reproductive system with two reflexed genital branches located on right side of intestine. Vulva located approx. two thirds of body length from anterior. Cuticular vagina vera and vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Tail with sparse, short somatic setae. Fourth stage juveniles Similar to adults but smaller. Unispiral apertura amphidialis. Lateral alae present. Diagnosis and relationships. Pseudochromadora reathae n. sp. is characterised the combination of the following characters: a cephalic capsule separated into lip and main head regions by a fine sutura, sexual dimorphism in the shape of the apertura amphidialis (loop-shaped in males, unispiral in females), presence of spines on the cuticle, no interdigitation of body annuli at level of lateral alae, eight rows of somatic setae, and conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements consisting of central star-shaped projections flanked by two cuticularised pieces. P. reathae n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence of eight longitudinal rows of somatice setae (compared to six in the other species) and by the presence of 8–9 conspicuous pre-cloacal supplements consisting of star-shaped projections flanked by two cuticularised pieces. P. reathae n. sp. can also be distinguished from most other species (except P. quadripapillata Daday 1899) by the absence of interdigitation of body annuli at level of lateral alae. Etymology. Pseudochromadora reathae n. sp. is named after Reatha Adele Kenny.Published as part of Leduc, D. & Wharton, D. A., 2010, New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 2611 (1) on pages 46-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/530229
Trefusialaimus idrisi Leduc 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Trefusialaimus idrisi</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 3-4; Table 1</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 56BD1B40-542A-4FE2-BB84-F8FC7C5C2667</p> Diagnosis and relationships <p> <i>Trefusialaimus idrisi</i> sp. nov. is characterised by relatively short body length, presence of numerous golden inclusions in the chords, cephalic setae 0.65-0.80 cbd long, spicules 2.3 abd long, 4 pairs of pericloacal papillae, and long, gradually tapering tail.</p> <p> Until now, only two <i>Trefusialaimus</i> had been described, viz., <i>T. magnus</i> (Filipjev, 1946) and <i>T. monorchis</i> Riemann, 1974. <i>Trefusialaimus idrisi</i> sp. nov. is similar to <i>T. magnus</i> in the shape of the copulatory apparatus and tail, but can be differentiated from the latter by the shorter body length (4540 <i>vs.</i> 7700 <b>M</b> m), lower value of c (7 <i>vs.</i> 21), longer cephalic setae (0.65-0.80 <i>vs.</i> 0.4 cbd), longer spicules (2.3 <i>vs.</i> 1.7 abd), and longer tail (38 <i>vs.</i> 11 abd). <i>T. idrisi</i> sp. nov. can easily be differentiated from <i>T. monorchis</i> by the markedly longer cephalic setae (0.65-0.80 <i>vs.</i> 0.26 cbd), absence of pre- and post-cloacal papillae (present in <i>T. monorchis</i>), and tail shape (gradually tapering <i>vs.</i> conico-cylindrical).</p> Etymology <p>The species is named after Idris Matai Kljucanin Brun, the author’s godson.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p>♂, collected on 20 Feb. 2011 (NIWA cruise TAN1103, station 69), central Chatham Rise (43.331° S, 178.288° E), water depth 350 m, sediment depth 1-5 cm, mean grain size 55-59 µm, %sand 55-57%, particle sorting (geometric) 4.1-4.3 (NIWA 88349).</p> <p> <b>Paratype</b></p> <p>1 juvenile, same data as holotype (NIWA 88350).</p> Description <p> <b>Male</b></p> <p> Body cylindrical, slender, tapering slightly towards anterior extremity (Fig. 4D), with slight golden colouration due to the presence of numerous round, <i>ca.</i> 1 µm diameter, golden inclusions in the chords (i.e., longitudinal thickenings of the hypodermis protruding internally between the sectors of the longitudinal muscles; Chitwood & Chitwood 1974) (Fig. 4E). Cuticle smooth, thin, <i>ca.</i> 0.7-0.9 µm thick, except in head region (anterior to cephalic setae) where it is slightly thicker, 1.0- 1.6 µm. Head rounded, slightly set-off from body due to thickened cuticle, with three lips, each bearing two small, conical inner labial papillae 1.0- 1.5 µm long (Fig. 3B). Six outer labial setae and four cephalic setae in one circle, double-jointed; cephalic setae slightly longer than outer labial setae (0.75-0.80 cbd <i>vs.</i> 0.65 cbd). Sub-cephalic and somatic setae absent. Amphid pocket-shaped with oval aperture, <i>ca.</i> 6 µm wide by 2 µm high (Fig. 3A). Buccal cavity funnel-shaped, without teeth. Pharynx cylindrical, slightly swollen at posterior extremity, completely surrounds buccal cavity. Pharyngeal lumen lightly but distinctly cuticularised at anterior extremity (Figs 3B, 4B). Nerve ring situated at <i>ca.</i> 50% of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Cardia small.</p> <p> Reproductive system monorchic with single outstretched testis, <i>ca.</i> 1960 µm long. Position of testis relative to intestine difficult to ascertain. Elongated sperm cells, ca 3-5 µm wide by 13-16 µm long, with central rod and nucleus at one extremity (Fig. 3G); vas deferens <i>ca.</i> 520 µm long, without muscular ejaculatory duct. Paired, equal spicules, 2.3 abd long, slightly bent near distal one third, with broad proximal end and narrow pointed distal end; velum present (Fig. 3D). Gubernaculum with two pairs of narrow, pointed lateral crurae (Fig. 3E). Four pairs of small, conical peri-cloacal papillae (Fig. 3F). Precloacal supplements absent. Tail long, <i>ca.</i> 14% of total body length, narrow, gradually tapering, without setae (Fig. 3H).</p> <p> <b>Juvenile</b></p> <p> Similar to male, but with shorter and narrower body, shorter cephalic setae (Figs 3C, 4B), and smaller amphid. Numerous sperm cells are present throughout the pseudocoelom from <i>ca.</i> 90 µm posterior to pharynx to <i>ca.</i> 200 µm anterior to anus (Fig. 4C). Genital and copulatory (i.e., cloacal or vulval) primordia not observed.</p> Discussion <p> The presence of sperm cells in the pseudocoelom of the juvenile <i>Trefusialaimus idrisi</i> sp. nov. specimen is unusual. Some nematode species, such as <i>Oncholaimus oxyuris</i>, can transfer sperm through traumatic insemination (Coomans <i>et al</i>. 1988), a process whereby the male injects sperm directly into the body of a female (or potentially even a male or juvenile) by piercing the cuticle with the spicules. The presence of sperm cells in the juvenile specimen could be explained if a similar process occured in <i>T. idrisi</i> sp. nov. The existence of such a reproductive strategy, however, is highly conjectural because no <i>Trefusialaimus</i> females have ever been observed and (to my knowledge) traumatic insemination has not been described in the suborder Trefusiina.</p> <p> <i>Trefusialaimus idrisi</i> sp. nov. was rare at the study site, with only four specimens (the two type specimens and two juveniles in poor condition, each from a different subcore) recorded out of the 4412 individuals that were identified by Leduc & Pilditch (2013). All individuals were found in the surface (0-1 cm) sediment layer (D. Leduc, unpublished data). A single juvenile specimen (out of 4550 specimens identified from 30 locations on the New Zealand continental margin) was recorded from a site on the northern flank of Chatham Rise at a depth of 1000 m (178.500° E, 44.333° S; silt/clay content 95%) (Leduc <i>et al</i>. 2012a; D. Leduc unpublished data).</p>Published as part of <i>Leduc, Daniel, 2013, Two new free-living nematode species (Trefusiina: Trefusiidae) from the Chatham Rise crest, Southwest Pacific Ocean, pp. 1-13 in European Journal of Taxonomy 55</i> on pages 8-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.55, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3822945">http://zenodo.org/record/3822945</a>
Bendiella longicauda Leduc & Zhao, 2016, n. sp.
No full textBendiella longicauda n. sp. (Figures 5 & 6, Table 2) Diagnosis. Bendiella longicauda n. sp. is characterised by having a long body (length 2762 mm), two dorsosublateral rows of pores from midbody to level of cloaca, amphideal fovea with 4.5 turns, anterior portion of buccal cavity with three sets of five cuticularised rhabdions, each with two pairs of pointed projections at posterior extremity, except for central rhabdion of each set which bears two pairs of pointed projections and an additional central projection situated above the other four, rhabdions of posterior buccal cavity with numerous small denticles, spicules 2.1 cloacal body diameters long, tail 13.3 cloacal body diameters long, conicocylindrical, and with conical portion 8 % of tail length. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin longus (= long) and cauda (= tail), and refers to the length of the tail. Material examined. Holotype male (NIWA 99781), collected 10 May 2015 (NIWA cruise TAN 1506, station 45), continental shelf off Hauraki coast, New Zealand (175.1495 º E, 35.8243 º S); water depth: 127 m. Description. Male Body cylindrical. Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations, lateral differentiation beginning at one third of pharynx length from anterior extremity, consisting of three longitudinal rows of more widely spaced, larger punctations, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly from level of cloaca. Somatic setae short and sparse, 2 µm long, situated on either side of cuticle lateral differentiation (Fig. 6 C). Two dorsosublateral rows of pores visible from midbody to slightly posterior to level of cloaca (Figs. 5 E & 6 C). Head rounded, not set off. Six minute inner labial papillae; six small outer labial setae situated in same circle as four cephalic setae of similar length. Amphideal fovea multispiral with 4.5 turns, situated ~ 0.4 cbd from anterior extremity. Buccal cavity large, divided into anterior (cheilostom) and posterior portions (pharyngostom). Anterior portion of buccal cavity cylindrical to barrel-shaped, with three sets of five cuticularised rhabdions; each with two pairs or pointed projections at posterior extremity, except for central rhabdion of each set which bears two pairs of pointed projections and an additional central projection situated above the other four (Fig. 5 E). Posterior buccal cavity narrower, surrounded by three Y-shaped pairs of rhabdions fused from two thirds of distance from anterior end; posterior rhabdions with numerous small denticles near anterior extremity (Fig. 5 E). Pharynx cylindrical, muscular, without anterior or posterior bulb. Nerve ring at ~ 40 % of pharynx length from anterior. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Reproductive system diorchic with short, outstretched testes. Anterior testis on right of intestine, posterior testis on left of intestine; mature sperm cells round or globular, larger in anterior testis (11–13 × 23–27 mm) than posterior testis (8–9 × 8–9 mm). Spicules paired, 2.1 cloacal body diameters long, curved, tapering distally. Gubernaculum consisting of two detached lateral pieces (crurae) tapering distally; median portion of gubernaculum (corpus and cuneus) apparently absent. Four ventral setae present immediately anterior to cloaca; precloacal supplements absent. Tail long, conicocylindrical; conical portion short, 8 % of tail length, with few, sparse setae. Caudal glands not observed. Differential diagnosis. Bendiella longicauda n. sp. can be differentiated from the only other species of the genus, B. thalassa Leduc, 2013, by the larger body size (2762 vs 975–1118 mm), higher value of a (38 vs 28–34), presence of cuticle pores (absent in B. thalassa), fewer amphid turns (4.5 vs 5.25), presence of denticles on posterior rhabdions (vs no denticles in B. thalassa), longer spicules (2.1 vs 1.4 cloacal body diameters), dimorphism in sperm size between anterior and posterior testes (no dimorphism in B. thalassa), and longer tail (13.3 vs 7.0 cloacal body diameters). Molecular sequence data. The SSU and D 2 –D 3 of LSU phylogenetic trees comprised 15 and 11 sequences, respectively (Figs 7 & 8). In the SSU tree, Cheironchus haurakiensis n. sp. was the most divergent sequence and was placed well away from the other two Cheironchus sequences. This degree of divergence among Cheironchus sequences is somewhat surprising given the close morphological similarities among species of this genus, however it is not possible to ascertain the identity of the other Cheironchus sequences due to lack of vouchers (Armenteros et al. 2014). In the D 2 –D 3 of LSU tree, Cheironchus haurakiensis n. sp. was placed in a clade together with Choanolaimus and Latronema (subfamily Choniolaiminae) and well away from Pseudocheironchus and Synonchiella (Selachinematinae). Pseudocheironchus ingluviosus and Synonchiella rotundicauda appear to be relatively closely related (89 % posterior probability support in D 2 –D 3 of LSU tree), although the genus Synonchiella is polyphyletic according to the SSU tree. These data do not support the monophyly of the two selachinematid subfamilies, which is consistent with the findings of Leduc & Zhao (2015). Analyses of SSU and D 2 –D 3 of LSU sequences suggest a close relationship between Halichoanolaimus anisospermus n. sp. and Bendiella longicauda n. sp. (100 % posterior probability support in the D 2 –D 3 of LSU tree), consistent with the close morphological similarities between the two genera. In the SSU tree, Bendiella longicauda n. sp. differed from Halichoanolaimus dolichurus by 1 % (12 in 850 base pairs including zero gap). In the D 2 –D 3 of LSU tree, Bendiella longicauda n. sp. differed from Halichoanolaimus anisospermus n. sp. by 29 % (141 in 747 base pairs including 28 gaps). The sequences provided herein are the first sequences obtained from beyond subtidal depths for the Selachinematidae. Our preliminary analyses do not provide evidence of clustering according to depth (intertidal/ subtidal vs shelf/upper slope) or geographical location (New Zealand vs Northern Hemisphere). The number of available Selachinematidae sequences, however, remains limited and comprehensive analyses based on a larger number of sequences will be necessary to provide more solid conclusions.Published as part of Leduc, Daniel & Zhao, Zeng Qi, 2016, Molecular characterisation of five nematode species (Chromadorida, Selachinematidae) from shelf and upper slope sediments off New Zealand, with description of three new species, pp. 59-76 in Zootaxa 4132 (1) on pages 70-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4132.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/27188
Pseudodesmodora lacrima Leduc & Wharton 2010, n. sp.
No full textPseudodesmodora lacrima n. sp. (Fig. 5–7, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype Adult male, collected in December 2003 from the Firth of Thames, northern New Zealand 37º 3’S, 175º24’E. Muddy sediment (75% mud) at 5 m water depth (NNCNZ 266). Allotype Adult female, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2582). Paratypes Two males, two females, same data as holotype (NNCNZ 2580-1, 2583-4); two males, two females, same data as holotype (NIWA 48775). Description. Males Body stout (a = 17–19), orange-brown, cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle thick with coarse annuli, no lateral differentiation. Eight longitudinal rows of short, sparse somatic setae. The anterior and/or posterior body regions of several specimens constricted by thin rings (Fig. 7 C and 7 E). Cephalic capsule rounded, smooth, with lip region separated from main region by conspicuous groove (sutura) in the cuticle. Lip region collapsed in some specimens (Fig. 7 A). Six setiform internal labial papillae and six setiform external labial papillae; four cephalic setae at level of sutura. Internal labial papillae inconspicuous when lip region is collapsed. Spiral fovea amphidialis, 1.25 turns, with central spot; large unispiral apertura amphidialis located on main head region, in centre of amphidial plate. Amphidial plate small, only slightly larger than amphid, consists of thickened cuticle giving distinct three-dimensional aspect to amphid (Figure 5 B and 7 B). Buccal cavity strongly cuticularised with one large dorsal tooth and two small ventrosublateral teeth. Vestibulum with 12 cheilorhabdia (Fig. 7 B). Ducts extending from head sensillae towards nerve ring clearly visible, dark orange in colour. Pharynx cylindrical with elongated tripartite bulb. Nerve ring inconspicuous, excretory pore not observed. Cardia short. Reproductive system monorchic with one anterior outstretched testis located on the right of intestine. Mature sperm globular, 12–18 µm in diameter. Ejaculatory duct 276–316 µm long, situated ventrally to intestine. Spicules arcuate with small capitulum, Small gubernaculum which proximally surrounds the tip of the spicules. Pre-cloacal ventral ala (Fig. 6D); one pre-cloacal seta. Tail conical with clear spinneret; caudal glands not observed. Females: Similar to males, but slightly wider body and smaller amphids. Reproductive system with two opposed and reflexed genital branches located either both on the right or both on the left of intestine. Vulva located slightly post median. Cuticular vagina vera and vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Tail with few, short somatic setae. Diagnosis and relationships. Pseudodesmodora lacrima n. sp. is characterised by a stout body, cephalic capsule with conspicuous sutura between lip region and main region, large unispiral apertura amphidialis on amphidial plate, and presence of conspicuous ducts in the head region. Description of the only other species of the genus, P. amphidiscata Boucher 1975, only included female specimens. Female specimens of P. lacrima n. sp. ressembles P. ampidiscata in body length and amphid structure, but can be distinguished from the latter species by the presence of conspicuous ducts in the head region, lower a value (16 vs 33), greater maximum body width (66 vs 33 µm), shorter external labial sensillae (1–2 vs 5 µm), shorter cephalic setae (4 vs 8 µm), and longer tail (4 vs 3 cbd). Etymology. The species name refers to the conspicuous ducts in the head region which resemble streaming tears.Published as part of Leduc, D. & Wharton, D. A., 2010, New free-living marine nematode species (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of New Zealand, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 2611 (1) on pages 52-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2611.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/530229
Maragnopsia hadalis Leduc 2016, n. gen.
No full textMaragnopsia hadalis n. gen. n. sp. (Fig. 5; Table 1) Diagnosis. Maragnopsia hadalis n. gen. n. sp. is characterised by absence of somatic setae, cephalic setae 0.4 corresponding body diameter (cbd) long, round amphideal fovea 2 cbd from anterior extremity, relatively large and elongated sperm, short and arcuate spicules 1.1–1.3 cloacal body diameter long, and gubernaculum surrounding spicules distally and with short dorsal apophyses. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Greek god of the nether world Haides, after which the hadal zone (> 6000 m water depth) is named. Material examined. Holotype male (NIWA 99772), collected 4 May 2014 (WHOI cruise TN309, Nereus dive N073), axis of Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific (178.8790º W, 35.8396º S); water depth 7132 m, sediment depth: 3–4 cm. One paratype male and one paratype female (NIWA 99773), same data as holotype (sediment depth: 8–10 cm). Description. Males Body cylindrical, colourless. Cuticle annulated from level of cephalic setae to near tail tip; longitudinal bars not observed. Somatic setae, porids and epidermal glands not observed. Head slightly rounded, widening slightly at level of cephalic setae. Inner and outer labial sensillae not observed; four cephalic setae, 0.4 corresponding body diameter (cbd) long. Circular amphideal fovea without cuticularised outline, situated about 2 cbd from anterior; oval amphideal aperture of same shape and size as amphideal fovea. Buccal cavity minute, not cuticularised, without teeth. Pharynx surrounding buccal cavity not swollen into a bulb; elongated posterior pharyngeal bulb present, 2.4–2.9 longer than wide. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Nerve ring situated near middle of pharynx. Cardia 5 µm long, not surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system monorchic with single anterior outstretched testis. Sperm cells elongated, maximum dimensions 3 × 16 µm. Two equal and arcuate spicules, 1.1–1.3 cloacal body diameter long, cuticularised, pointed distally. Gubernaculum surrounding spicules distally and with short dorsal apophyses. Precloacal supplements not observed. Tail with long, gradually tapering proximal portion and cylindrical terminal portion. Caudal setae and glands not observed; spinneret present. Female Similar to males. Reproductive system didelphic, with opposed and outstretched genital branches. Anterior branch situated to the right of intestine and posterior branch situated to the left of intestine. Vulva situated slightly posterior to mid-body, at right angle to body wall. Mature eggs not observed. Dorsal wall of uterus cuticularised proximally. Proximal portion of vagina surrounded by constrictor muscle. Remarks. Maragnopsia hadalis n. gen. n. sp. represented 3% of all nematode specimens at the type locality (D. Leduc unpublished data). Three quarters of M. hadalis n. gen. n. sp. specimens were found in the 5–10 cm layer, and no specimens were found in the 0–1 cm layer.Published as part of Leduc, Daniel, 2016, One new genus and three new species of deep-sea nematodes (Nematoda: Microlaimidae) from the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Ross Sea, pp. 255-271 in Zootaxa 4079 (2) on pages 268-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4079.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/105072
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