223,332 research outputs found
Incorporation of Micro Processor Controllers in the Frito-Lay Energy Program
No full textThe evaluation and implementation of microprocessor energy management control systems in the Frito-Lay Energy Management Program is discussed. Following thorough testing of a mini-computer based system in one manufacturing facility, energy management control systems were designated for eighteen of Frito-Lay's plants. The detailed evaluation of the mini-computer showed that the system was cost effective; however, the unit provided a great deal more capacity than was necessary. The overall studies showed that effective utilization of a microprocessor capable of controlling up to 20 points was sufficient for the majority of our older plants. The controllers were designed to monitor and shed nonprocessing related loads only and were projected to show reductions in energy consumption of 4% - 5% per plant. At this conservative estimate, the internal rate of return on the investment was in excess of 30%. Data from one facility having a unit on-line for approximately one year shows actual savings to be greater than 23%. Based on current successes with the units, an expansion of the existing capabilities is being investigated
User characteristics: Professional vs. lay users
No full text(User characteristics: professional use vs lay use by Cifter A and Dong H)
The market success of a product largely depends on whether it correctly addresses the user needs. Understanding the user is increasingly becoming important in the design process. Different user models may determine different approaches to design. This paper identifies the characteristics of different types of users, with a specific focus on professional users and lay users. It gives a definition of professional users and lay users in the context of adapting products originally designed for professional use to the use of lay people (for example, home use medical devices). It summarises, and compares, the characteristics of professional users and lay users, suggesting that designers pay attention to user characteristics and the context of use so as to better address user perceptions and meet user needs
What Discourages Participation in the Lay Judge System (Saiban’in Seido) of Japan? Interaction between the Secrecy Requirement and Social Networks.
No full textThe lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper attempts to analyze Japanese people’s attitude towards this system by examining whether they show a willingness to serve as a lay judge. The major findings from regression analysis are: (1) In general, people with a spouse inclined to adopt a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. This tendency is, however, not observed in large cities. (2) Long-time residents and homeowners are more likely to have a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. These results show that a tightly knitted interpersonal social network discourages people from serving as a lay judge. Because of the life time secrecy obligation and the penalty provisions for those who break this obligation, people with closer interpersonal ties are under greater pressure and strains, leading to larger psychological cost. The obligation and its penalty should be eased to improve people’s attitudes about serving as a lay judge.Lay judge system; Social network; Secrecy requirement
Lay-user characteristics reflected by their interaction with a digital camera and a blood pressure monitor
No full textThe material is posted here with the permission of the publishers. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material must be obtained from the publisher.There is an increasing and evolving demand from the end-user market for the adaptation of products originally designed for professional-use to the use of lay people, for example, home use medical devices. However, there is a lack of understanding of lay user characteristics by product designers. This paper reports a study investigating lay user characteristics reflected by their interaction with digital products. A digital camera and a digital blood pressure monitor were tested with different user groups: 10 able-bodied young people; 10 healthy older people (65+) and 10 disabled people; and lay user characteristics were summarised
Lay health advisers: scoping the role and intervention landscape
No full textSusan M Carr,1–3 Monique Lhussier,1,3 Natalie Forster1,3 1Public Health Research, Department of Social Work, Education, and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 2Department of Education and Training, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia; 3Fuse, Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Abstract: The use of lay health advisers has become an established approach within public health, in particular for impact on health inequalities and engaging socially excluded groups. Evidence on how differences in terms of the multiple role dimensions impact the outcomes of programs is limited. This creates ambiguity for decision makers on which roles should be implemented in different contexts for different needs. This paper applies realist logic to an inquiry to explore the mechanisms that may operate in lay-led intervention models and understand how, why, and in what respect these lead to particular outcomes. It draws on a project focusing on health-related lifestyle advisers and further insights gained from a subsequent related project about outreach with traveler communities. Analysis highlights multiple and potentially interacting aspects of lay health-adviser roles that may influence their success, including characteristics of lay health advisers, characteristics of target populations, purpose or intent of interventions, and how advice is given. A model is proposed from which to examine the contexts and mechanisms of lay health advisers that may impact outcomes, and is subsequently applied to two examples of reported lay health-adviser interventions. The combination of skills and characteristics of lay health advisers must be considered when planning which interventions might be appropriate when targeting specific needs or target populations. Focus only on the peer/layperson distinction may overlook other potentially important skills and mechanisms of action integral to lay health-adviser roles. Keywords: realist logic, lay health advisers, inequalities, hard-to-reach populations, service desig
Nurse led versus lay educators support for those with asthma in primary care: a costing study
No full text<p>Background - Regular review and support for asthma self-management is promoted in guidelines. A randomised controlled trial suggested that unscheduled health care usage was similar when patients were offered self management support by a lay-trainer or practice nurses.</p>
<p>Methods - Following the RCT, a costing study was undertaken using the trial data to account for the cost of delivery of the service under both strategies and the resulting impact on unscheduled healthcare (measure of effectiveness) in this trial.</p>
<p>Results - One year data (n = 418) showed that 29% (61/205) of the nurse group required unscheduled healthcare (177 events) compared with 30.5% (65/213) for lay-trainers (178 events).</p>
<p>The training costs for the lay-trainers were greater than nurses (£36 versus £18 respectively per patient, p<0.001), however, the consultation cost for lay-trainers were lower than nurses (£6 per patient versus £24, p<0.001). If the cost of unscheduled healthcare are accounted for then the costs of nurses is £161, and £135 for lay-trainers (mean difference £25, [95% CI = −£97, £149, p = 0.681]). The total costs (delivery and unscheduled healthcare) were £202 per patient for nurses versus £178 for lay-trainers, (mean difference £24, [95%CI = −£100, £147, p = 0.707]).</p>
<p>Conclusions - There were no significant differences in the cost of training and healthcare delivery between nurse and lay trainers, and no significant difference in the cost of unscheduled health care use.</p>
Lay, M F, 401974
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/398661Surname: LAY. Given Name(s) or Initials: M F. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 401974. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 48450.215930
Item: [2016.0049.30954] "Lay, M F, 401974
The Price of Security: On the Causality and Impact of Lay-off Risks on Wages
No full textWe examine the impact of lay-off risks on wages. Portfolio as well as search theoreticmodelling predicts higher exogenous lay-off risks to go along with higher wages. But,an impact of wages on lay-off risks (e.g., endogenous job destruction) is also plausible.Using the German BA Employment Panel (2008), we estimate a wage equation withexogenous lay-off risks for the most important industries in West Germany. We addressthe mutual causality by controlling for endogeneity via an instrumental variableapproach. Furthermore, we restrict our analysis to the high skilled to avoid a highimpact on tariff commitment. Our findings suggest the presence of risk premiums inthree of five industries. The level of impact and its significance depends on the industryand on the gender of the employee.Lay-off risk, wages
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