118,895 research outputs found
What Discourages Participation in the Lay Judge System (Saiban’in Seido) of Japan? Interaction between the Secrecy Requirement and Social Networks.
No full textThe lay judge system, a quasi-jury system, was introduced in Japan from May 2009. This paper attempts to analyze Japanese people’s attitude towards this system by examining whether they show a willingness to serve as a lay judge. The major findings from regression analysis are: (1) In general, people with a spouse inclined to adopt a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. This tendency is, however, not observed in large cities. (2) Long-time residents and homeowners are more likely to have a negative attitude about serving as a lay judge. These results show that a tightly knitted interpersonal social network discourages people from serving as a lay judge. Because of the life time secrecy obligation and the penalty provisions for those who break this obligation, people with closer interpersonal ties are under greater pressure and strains, leading to larger psychological cost. The obligation and its penalty should be eased to improve people’s attitudes about serving as a lay judge.Lay judge system; Social network; Secrecy requirement
Nurse led versus lay educators support for those with asthma in primary care: a costing study
No full text<p>Background - Regular review and support for asthma self-management is promoted in guidelines. A randomised controlled trial suggested that unscheduled health care usage was similar when patients were offered self management support by a lay-trainer or practice nurses.</p>
<p>Methods - Following the RCT, a costing study was undertaken using the trial data to account for the cost of delivery of the service under both strategies and the resulting impact on unscheduled healthcare (measure of effectiveness) in this trial.</p>
<p>Results - One year data (n = 418) showed that 29% (61/205) of the nurse group required unscheduled healthcare (177 events) compared with 30.5% (65/213) for lay-trainers (178 events).</p>
<p>The training costs for the lay-trainers were greater than nurses (£36 versus £18 respectively per patient, p<0.001), however, the consultation cost for lay-trainers were lower than nurses (£6 per patient versus £24, p<0.001). If the cost of unscheduled healthcare are accounted for then the costs of nurses is £161, and £135 for lay-trainers (mean difference £25, [95% CI = −£97, £149, p = 0.681]). The total costs (delivery and unscheduled healthcare) were £202 per patient for nurses versus £178 for lay-trainers, (mean difference £24, [95%CI = −£100, £147, p = 0.707]).</p>
<p>Conclusions - There were no significant differences in the cost of training and healthcare delivery between nurse and lay trainers, and no significant difference in the cost of unscheduled health care use.</p>
lay n
No full textlay nlay n. The relationship or agreement between vessel-owners and fishermen with regard to the proportionate share of each in the catch. The _lays_ of every type of vessel are different.PRINTED ITEM DNE Sup G. M. StoryOCT. 3 1989Used SupUsed SupUsed Supshare, on sharesChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 14 Jul 201
The Price of Security: On the Causality and Impact of Lay-off Risks on Wages
No full textWe examine the impact of lay-off risks on wages. Portfolio as well as search theoreticmodelling predicts higher exogenous lay-off risks to go along with higher wages. But,an impact of wages on lay-off risks (e.g., endogenous job destruction) is also plausible.Using the German BA Employment Panel (2008), we estimate a wage equation withexogenous lay-off risks for the most important industries in West Germany. We addressthe mutual causality by controlling for endogeneity via an instrumental variableapproach. Furthermore, we restrict our analysis to the high skilled to avoid a highimpact on tariff commitment. Our findings suggest the presence of risk premiums inthree of five industries. The level of impact and its significance depends on the industryand on the gender of the employee.Lay-off risk, wages
The psychological-type profile of lay church leaders in Australia
No full textA sample of 845 lay church leaders (444 women and 401 men) from a range of 24 different denominations and movements (including house churches and independent churches) completed the Francis Psychological-Type Scales within the context of the 2006 Australian National Church Life Survey. The psychological-type profiles of these lay church leaders were almost identical to the type profiles of 1527 Australian churchgoers (936 women and 591 men) published in an earlier study by Robbins and Francis. The predominant types among female lay church leaders were ISFJ (21%), ESFJ (21%), and ISTJ (18%). The predominant types among male lay church leaders were ISTJ (28%), ISFJ (17%), ESTJ (13%), and ESFJ (12%). The SJ temperament accounted for 67% of the female lay church leaders and for 70% of the male lay church leaders. The strengths and weaknesses of the SJ leadership style are discussed
The (Economic) Effects of Lay Participation in Courts - A Cross-Country Analysis
No full textLegal philosophers like Montesquieu, Hegel and Tocqueville have argued that lay participation in judicial decision-making would have benefits reaching far beyond the realm of the legal system narrowly understood. From an economic point of view, lay participation in judicial decision-making can be interpreted as a renunciation of an additional division of labor, which is expected to cause foregone benefits in terms of the costs as well as the quality of judicial decision-making. In order to be justified, these foregone benefits need to be overcompensated by other – actually realized – benefits of at least the same magnitude. This paper discusses pros and cons of lay participation, presents a new database and tests some of the theoretically derived hypotheses empirically. The effects of lay participation on the judicial system, a number of governance variables but also on economic performance indicators are rather modest. A proxy representing historic experiences with any kind of lay participation is the single most robust variable.Economic Effects of Legal Systems, Judicial Decision-Making, Trial by Jury, Jurors, Lay Assessors, Constitutional Economics, Civil Society, Quality of Governance, History of Thought
The (Economic) Effects of Lay Participation in Courts – A Cross-Country Analysis
No full textLegal philosophers like Montesquieu, Hegel and Tocqueville have argued that lay participation in judicial decision-making would have benefits reaching far beyond the realm of the legal system narrowly understood. From an economic point of view, lay participation in judicial decision-making can be interpreted as a renunciation of an additional division of labor, which is expected to cause foregone benefits in terms of the costs as well as the quality of judicial decision-making. In order to be justified, these foregone benefits need to be overcompensated by other – actually realized – benefits of at least the same magnitude. This paper discusses pros and cons of lay participation, presents a new database and tests some of the theoretically derived hypotheses empirically. The effects of lay participation on the judicial system, a number of governance variables but also on economic performance indicators are rather modest. A proxy representing historic experiences with any kind of lay participation is the single most robust variable.economic effects of legal systems, judicial decision-making, trial by jury, jurors, lay assessors, constitutional economics, civil society, quality of governance, history of thought
Farmers' perceptions of the lay health worker on farms in the Western Cape, South Africa
No full textThis study is focussed on farms situated in the Boland health district of the Cape Winelands, South Africa. The aim was to explore, understand, and describe the perceptions of farmers of having a trained lay health worker (LHW) on the farm. A qualitative study design was applied. Data were collected during six in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions with participating farmers. The results show that farmers remained positive about the concept of having a trained LHW on the farm, but became frustrated with the lack of recognition of their and the LHWs' contribution by the public health service. Farmers who are willing to participate and remain active are key to introducing a farm community-based LHW intervention. Sustainable LHW interventions are dependent on public health sector support and recognition of all role players.Farm Management,
Breath Flow Sensing via Spirometric Instrumentation: Pathology Prediction Using a Genetic Algorithm
No full textSpirometry takes care to find and to predict respiratory system pathologies through instrumentation that
mainly carries out measurements on the volume and the air flow expired from lungs. A complete spirometric
instrumentation composed of three parts has been developed. The first part, “hardware”, gains a sampled signal
from a sensor of the flow-time curve and sends it to the computer. The second part, “software”, processes
received data calculating the volume-time curve, the flow-volume curve and other main spirometric parameters,
displaying the result of prediction. The last part, “a genetic algorithm”, trains itself on the base of a series of
computing with real data, to produce spirometric parameters of a most likely pathologic curve and, to predict
pathology type with less possible tests
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