110 research outputs found
Dimensioni dell’encefalo a 40 settimane di PMA nel neonato pretermine: il neonato SGA e BPD
No full textLa displasia broncopolmonare (BPD) è una grave complicanza della prematurità, la cui incidenza aumenta nelle età gestazionali più basse.
I nati pretermine con displasia broncopolmonare mostrano comunemente esiti avversi sullo sviluppo neurologico quanto nel breve che nel lungo termine.
Lo SGA è una condizione comune tra i neonati pretermine,tipicamente dovuta alla restrizione della crescita intrauterina, che può portare ad ffetti avversi a lungo termine sullo sviluppo e sulla funzione del cervell , infatti in diversi studi viene dimostrato che i neoanati SGA mostrano volumi cerebrali alterati rispetto ai neonati pretermine AGA a parità di età gestazionale.
Tra i bambini con BPD, esiste una sovrarappresentazione ben documentata di nati piccoli per età gestazionale (SGA)e in diversi studi, questa condizione è stata collegata a uno scarso sviluppo e funzionalità cerebrale
La sovrarappresentazione dei neonati SGA tra i neonati con BPD, insieme alla prevalenza variabile di queste condizioni in diverse coorti di neonati pretermine rende difficile quantificare la misura in cui la BPD, indipendentemente dallo SGA, influenzi lo sviluppo neurologico.
Ad oggi, esiste una lacuna nella comprensione dell’impatto che ha la BPD, indipendentemente dallo SGA, sui volumi cerebrali nei neonati prematuri.
Colmare questa lacuna è fondamentale per fornire prognosi accurate, consulenze informate ai genitori e migliorare la progettazione di futuri studi clinici focalizzati sugli esiti dello sviluppo neurologico nei neonati pretermine con BPD.
Questo studio mira a valutare l'impatto della BPD, indipendentemente dallo SGA, sul volume totale cerebrale all'età equivalente al termine (TEA) nei neonati pretermine con un'età gestazionale compresa tra 24+0/7 e 31+6/7 settimane.Although scientific advances in recent decades have significantly reduced the mortality of preterm infants, they remain a population at high risk of developing neurological diseases in short and long term.
The permanence of the fetus in utero until the end of pregnancy is essential for the growth and development of organs and systems, in fact, most of the neonatal complications in preterm babies are due to organ immaturity.
An organ particularly sensitive to preterm birth is the brain, in fact, in the period between the 23rd and 27th week of gestation important brain development processes occur: the structures of the white and gray matter increase in volume, important phenomena such as myelination, cortical gyration and involution of structures such as the germinal matrix occur.
Although improved neonatal care has decreased the incidence of severe brain disease in preterm babies, several studies have confirmed that they are predisposed to developing neurocognitive deficits and disabilities in the long term.
In addition, preterm birth is associated with several prenatal and postnatal complications that negatively affect neurological development:
Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is a common condition among preterm infants, this condition is typically due to intrauterine growth restriction, which exposes the fetus to chronic hypoxia and undernutrition, resulting in long-term adverse effects on brain development and function
SGAs show altered brain composition and volumes compared to gestational age-appropriate preterm infants (AGAs) at the same developmental stages
In addition, SGA premature infants have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes and a higher incidence of behavioral and psychiatric problems from childhood to adulthood compared to their AGA counterparts.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common postnatal complications of prematurity and has been linked to reduced brain volumes at term equivalent age (TEA) (12) and deterioration of neurodevelopmental.
The association between SGA and BPD, along with the varying incidence of these conditions in the preterm population, makes it difficult to quantify the extent to which these two conditions independently affect neurological development.
To date, there is a paucity of research investigating the independent effect of SGA and BPD on brain volumes in preterm infants. This information is critical for an accurate prognosis, informed advice to parents at birth, and better design of future clinical trials of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of diagnosis of SGA and BPD on total brain volume at term equivalent age (TEA) in premature infants with a gestational age (EG) between 24+0/7 and 31+6/7 week
Characteristics of maternal input to children with Down syndrome: A comparison with vocabulary size and chronological age-matched groups
No full text The lexical and structural characteristics of the maternal input addressed to 24-month-old children with Down syndrome were compared to the input addressed to two groups of typically developing children; matched for chronological age (CA Group) and lexical skills (Vocabulary Group), respectively. The aim of the study was to verify whether the characteristics of the language addressed to children with Down syndrome are oversimplified, as found in previous studies, or if they are appropriate for the children’s developmental level. Data analyses show that the lexicon directed towards these children is simpler than that addressed to both of the comparison groups in terms of vocabulary composition (fewer function words and more onomatopoeic words/routines) and simpler than that addressed to the CA Group in terms of lexical variability. However, in terms of syntactic complexity, the input is mid-way between the two comparison groups. In addition, the analysis of maternal imitative utterances shows that the children with Down syndrome receive a lower proportion of imitative utterances than could be expected based on their age. </jats:p
Syntax and prosody in narratives: A study of preschool children
No full textThe present study examines narrative competence and its relationships with syntactic and prosodic skills in preschool children. The narrative skills of 30 typically developing Italian children were assessed during their first year of kindergarten attendance (T1) and again one year later (T2). A picture book was used to elicit children’s narratives. All stories were examined for narrative competence, syntactic complexity and prosody. The results are discussed in the context of the relationships between prosody and the other linguistic skills, considering that the children who were more proficient storytellers and exhibited better syntactic construction were generally less able to produce their utterances within a single melodic contour. Therefore, the linguistic and cognitive abilities required by a storytelling task may negatively influence a child’s ability to produce sentences within a single melodic contour
Protecting juvenile defendants in the trial and from the trial. Special safeguards in Eu and Italian regulations
No full textBoth the Directive 2016/800/EU and the Italian national law on juvenile criminal trial (presidential decree no. 448/1988) aim to provide specific safeguards for young suspects and defendants to protect their fragile and still-developing personality, and to ensure that any crime allegedly committed by the minor is an isolated incident in their past. These safeguards are required throughout criminal proceedings, especially during the trial stage, which can be confusing and overwhelming for a juvenile and may seriously impact their development. The trial phase – along with the precautionary limitation of personal freedom – seems to be the most dangerous procedural segment for children’s personalities. The trial is where the justice ‘play’ comes to life on its main stage, with its whole ritual, language, and characters. When attempting to identify safeguards intended to operate during the trial phase, two main fields seem to emerge: one focuses on the issue of assistance, which has to be more profound due to the unique nature of juvenile personality and experience of life; while the other one aims to protect children’s privacy so that their public image will be shielded as much as possible from the negative consequences of the trial. The article first focuses on these aspects by analysing legal regulations and the jurisprudence. In some cases, Italian legal regulation exceeds European directive standards, serving as a model for other legal systems. However, even though the internal regulation formally matches the EU requirement in some instances, it needs further improvement. Also, in terms of the law in action, the Italian jurisprudential approach sometimes weakens the safeguards provided by law, demonstrating the need for different interpretative solutions that are adequate to respect children’s rights fully. In the light of such issues, the author suggests some exegetical solutions
Protecting juvenile defendants in the trial and from the trial. Special safeguards in Eu and Italian regulations
No full textBoth the Directive 2016/800/EU and the Italian national law on juvenile criminal trial (presidential decree no. 448/1988) aim to provide specific safeguards for young suspects and defendants to protect their fragile and still-developing personality, and to ensure that any crime allegedly committed by the minor is an isolated incident in their past. These safeguards are required throughout criminal proceedings, especially during the trial stage, which can be confusing and overwhelming for a juvenile and may seriously impact their development. The trial phase – along with the precautionary limitation of personal freedom – seems to be the most dangerous procedural segment for children’s personalities. The trial is where the justice ‘play’ comes to life on its main stage, with its whole ritual, language, and characters. When attempting to identify safeguards intended to operate during the trial phase, two main fields seem to emerge: one focuses on the issue of assistance, which has to be more profound due to the unique nature of juvenile personality and experience of life; while the other one aims to protect children’s privacy so that their public image will be shielded as much as possible from the negative consequences of the trial. The article first focuses on these aspects by analysing legal regulations and the jurisprudence. In some cases, Italian legal regulation exceeds European directive standards, serving as a model for other legal systems. However, even though the internal regulation formally matches the EU requirement in some instances, it needs further improvement. Also, in terms of the law in action, the Italian jurisprudential approach sometimes weakens the safeguards provided by law, demonstrating the need for different interpretative solutions that are adequate to respect children’s rights fully. In the light of such issues, the author suggests some exegetical solutions
Associations between social isolation and parenting stress during the first wave of COVID-19 in Italian children with special educational needs
No full textThe parents of 413 children with typical development (TD) or special educational needs (SEN) filled in an online survey to investigate the associations between the restrictions introduced to face COVID-19 and parenting stress and parental disciplinary practices. The parents of children with SEN showed a significantly higher stress level than TD children's parents. However, they showed a lower inclination to overreact. In both groups, the parents who feel less supported, feel their needs threatened, and report having a child with more difficulties were more likely to exhibit parenting stress. Data on the associations between COVID-19 restrictions and the stress perceived by parents could help to focus the attention of the public health system on their parents' needs, leading to practices aimed to prevent parenting stress and burnout
Ensayos de Híbridos de Maíz INTA Río Primero Campaña 2022 – 2023
No full textLa provincia de Córdoba, por segundo año consecutivo, recibió menores precipitaciones que las normales en los meses estivales, lo que afecto en forma significativa el crecimiento normal de las plantas y por consiguiente los rendimientos del cultivo, llegando en reiteradas ocasiones a enrollarse el lote para uso en consumo animal. El departamento Río Primero no difiere del resto de la provincia y los rendimientos fueron inferiores a los de la campaña anterior.EEA Manfredi, AER Río PrimeroFil: Molina, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia Experimental Rural Río Primero; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Zampini, José Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia Experimental Rural Río Primero; Argentin
Early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses in developing countries: A low cost and easy execution approach.
No full textClin Chim Acta. 2017 Feb 28;468:150-151. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.02.020. [Epub ahead of print]
Early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses in developing countries: A low cost and easy execution approach.
Gabrielli O1, Zampini L1, Monachesi C1, Marchesiello RL1, Padella L1, Santoro L1, Volpi N2, Concolino D3, Fiumara A4, Rigon L5, Mazzoli M6, Carnielli VP6, Giovagnoni A7, Catassi C1, Galeazzi T1, Coppa GV1.
KEYWORDS:
DMB and electrophoresis; Glycosaminoglycans; Mucopolysaccharidoses; Newborn
Calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors
No full textAbstract Background Histamine-related drugs are commonly used in the treatment of vertigo and related vestibular disorders. The site of action of these drugs however has not been elucidated yet. Recent works on amphibians showed that histamine H3 receptor antagonists, e.g. betahistine, inhibit the afferent discharge recorded from the vestibular nerve. To assess the expression of H3 histamine receptors in vestibular neurons, we performed mRNA RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments in mouse Scarpa's ganglia. Results RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of H3 receptor mRNA in mouse ganglia tissue. H3 protein expression was found in vestibular neurons characterized by large and roundish soma, which labeled for calretinin and calbindin. Conclusion The present results are consistent with calyx and dimorphic, but not bouton, afferent vestibular neurons expressing H3 receptors. This study provides a molecular substrate for the effects of histamine-related antivertigo drugs acting on (or binding to) H3 receptors, and suggest a potential target for the treatment of vestibular disorders of peripheral origin.</p
Relationships between structural and acoustic properties of maternal talk and children’s early word recognition
No full textThis study aimed to investigate specific associations between structural and acoustic characteristics of infant-directed (ID) speech and word recognition. Thirty Italian-acquiring children and their mothers were tested when the children were 1;3. Children’s word recognition was measured with the looking-while-listening task. Maternal ID speech was recorded during a mother–child interaction session and analyzed in terms of amount of speech, lexical and syntactic complexity, positional salience of nouns and verbs, high pitch and variation, and temporal characteristics. The analyses revealed that final syllable length positively predicts children’s accuracy in word recognition whereas the use of verbs in the utterance-final position has an adverse effect on children’s performance. Several of the expected associations between ID speech features and children’s word recognition skills, however, were not significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that only specific structural and acoustic properties of ID speech can facilitate word recognition in children, thereby fostering their ability to extrapolate sound patterns from the stream and map them with their referent
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