582 research outputs found
Review of \u3ci\u3eBroken Treaties: United States and Canadian Relations with the Lakotas and the Plains Cree, 1868-1885\u3c/i\u3e by Jill St. Germain
No full textWhat appears to be another book exploring the broken treaty relationships of the United States and Canadian federal governments turns out to be nothing of the sort. In challenging the long-honored broken treaties tradition, Jill St. Germain has written a groundbreaking and welcome revision of the history of treaty and reservation-making on both sides of the United States-Canadian border.
Using a fresh, comparative approach to the analysis of federal records and the manuscript collections of federal Indian agents and officials, St. Germain focuses on the implementation of the Treaty of 1868 between the United States and the Lakota Sioux, and Treaty Six between Canada and the Plains Cree. Signed only eight years apart and emerging from the Plains West, both treaties stand as exemplars of the broken treaties tradition. In the United States the broken treaties philosophy proved a useful tool in the advancement of an Indian reform agenda that emphasized policies made in Washington over bilateral treaty relations. This approach-in practice, in Congress, and in the subsequent historical record-accentuated the role of policymakers and Indian agents and de-emphasized tribal agency and treaty rights. The underlying premise of the broken treaties tradition, St. Germain asserts, was that such agreements were in effect meaningless given the unrepentant u.s. habit of breaking them. In Canada, an inverted broken treaties tradition evolved in which noncompliant tribal groups were viewed as aberrations and malcontents within a treaty system consistently upheld by the government
Steel Safeguards and the Welfare of U.S. Steel Firms and Downstream Consumers of Steel: A Shareholder Wealth Perspective
No full textThis paper analyzes the steel safeguards implemented and subsequently removed during 2001-2003. Our results reveal that for shareholders of U.S. steel companies, safeguards generated positive “abnormal” returns of approximately 6%; and the cancellation of the safeguards resulted in wealth gains of about 5%. Steel shareholders experienced negative abnormal returns of -5% in response to the WTO ruling that the U.S. violated WTO law. The results here are consistent with the neoclassical view that producers gain at the expense of consumers. Downstream consumers in transportation equipment and electrical equipment showed the clearest negative reaction to the safeguards. Moreover, steel firms that received larger cash disbursements under the Byrd amendment received additional wealth gains when the safeguard duties were imposed. Finally, empirical results indicate that U.S. downstreamconsuming firms that diversify production in NAFTA countries avert some trade policy risk associated with the initiation of the safeguard investigation and the imposition of the safeguard duties.Antidumping Policy; Welfare
The Legacy of Iconoclasm: religious war and the relic landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, 1550-1750
No full textThis study explores the process of physically rebuilding, renewing and reinventing the relic landscape in the regions around Tours, Blois and Vendôme following the widespread iconoclastic damage of the French religious wars. The author takes a long-term perspective exploring developments over two hundred years, from the mid-sixteenth through to the mid-eighteenth centuries. The book explores what the physical renewal of the landscape can tell us about evolving beliefs and practices concerning relics during the Catholic Reformation and what reconstruction activities reveal about the meaning and experience of relic veneration. It pays particular attention to how the relic landscape evolved through relic translations and how communities that oversaw relic shrines remembered the iconoclastic acts of the religious wars through liturgical and ritual commemorations, memorials, artistic renderings, oral traditions and written accounts.Publisher PD
Harpur Palate, Volume 16 Number 1, Summer & Fall 2017
No full textContributors: Anne Barngrover | Constance Brewer | Sarah Carson | Anne Champion | Jim Davis | Laura S. Distelheim | C.W. Emerson | Matthew Gellman | Carmen Germain | Guiseppe Getto | Lenore Hildebrandt | Amanda Hope | Jason Irwin | Moye Ishimito | Robert Levy | Jennifer Met | Jennifer Miller | Michael Mingo | Megan Parker | Rachel Marie Patterson | Vincent Poturica | Monica Isabel Restrepo | Lisa Romeo | Linwood Rumney | Emily Schulten | Marvin Shackelford | Leslie St. John | George Such | Joselyn Takacs | Paul Tran | Valerie Wohlfel
Vegetation variability in Italy at the transition St Germain II to Pleniglacial
No full textAix-en.provenc
Autonomy-supportive practice manipulations and skill acquisition
No full textThere has been growing interest in the role of motivation in motor learning, and specifically how autonomy, competence, and intrinsic motivation may directly benefit the skill acquisition process. Within the autonomy branch of the motivation pillar in OPTIMAL theory, supporting a learner’s basic psychological need for autonomy contributes to a virtuous cycle that enhances expectancies for success (i.e., perceptions of competence) and in turn facilitates motor performance and learning. Although
many experiments have concluded support for OPTIMAL theory, these studies have often relied on small sample sizes, have not been pre-registered, and have consistently failed to include appropriate measures that assess key predictions in the theory. The purpose of this dissertation was to address these methodological limitations and test core predictions in the OPTIMAL theory regarding the direct and causal role of autonomy-supportive practice conditions—control over practice and instructional language—on motor performance and learning.
Experiments 1 and 2 (Chapter 2) critically tested between the information-processing and motivation-based (i.e., OPTIMAL theory) explanations of the self-controlled learning advantage by providing participants in choice and yoked groups with error or graded feedback (Experiment 1) and binary feedback (Experiment 2). Results showed no self-controlled learning advantage and exercising choice in practice did not increase perceptions of autonomy, competence, or intrinsic motivation, nor did it improve error estimation accuracy. Although these findings are difficult to reconcile with either explanation, they are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting self-controlled conditions are not advantageous for motor learning.
Experiment 3 addressed a methodological limitation of past self-controlled learning research by including a novel yoked group that was explicitly told they were being denied choice and that their observation schedule was created by another participant. Results showed no self-controlled learning advantage despite finding higher perceptions of autonomy in the choice group. These findings are consistent with Experiments 1 and 2, and further questions the causal role of autonomy-support on motor learning and the robustness of the so-called self-controlled learning advantage.
Experiment 4 investigated the influence of different instructional language styles on skill acquisition. Throughout practice participants received task instructions that used either autonomy-supportive or controlling language. Results showed no performance differences in acquisition or retention despite finding higher perceptions of autonomy and competence in the autonomy-supportive group. These findings are inconsistent with key predictions in OPTIMAL theory regarding the role of autonomy in motor learning.DissertationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)Practice environments that provide learners with autonomy have been argued to be more effective for learning new motor skills compared to more controlling environments. Two techniques that can be used to create autonomy-supportive learning environments are giving learners control over a feature of their practice or the language used when giving task instructions. This dissertation addresses knowledge gaps and several methodological limitations of previous literature by measuring key psychological variables, the use of novel experimental groups, large N studies, modern statistical techniques, and open science practices. Findings showed that under many conditions perceptions of autonomy and competence can be impacted positively; however, these psychological benefits do not reliably translate into superior motor performance or learning. Collectively, results of this dissertation challenge mainstream perspectives regarding a direct and causal role of motivational influences on motor skill acquisition
Examining the Optimal Frequency of Modeling Under Varied Constrained Choice Conditions for the Learning of a Dance Skill
No full textVarious constrained frequencies of skilled model observation, under self-controlled conditions, were examined to determine whether there was an optimal frequency of modeling for learning a dance movement. Forty-eight participants with no previous dance/gymnastics experience first did a pre-test, then learned the skill over 60 interspersed observational and physical practice trials in one of four conditions that consisted of either (1) 25%, (2) 50%, (3) 75% modeling frequencies, or (4) no constraint imposed. This 60-trials acquisition phase was followed by a 24-hour post-test. Physical performance, scored by two external evaluators, revealed a significant main effect of Time from pre- to post-test (F(1, 44) = 120.43, p < .001). Cognitive representation scores revealed a main effect of Time for an image selection test (F(1, 44) = 39.09, p < .001), and a Time by Decision interaction for a forced-choice test (F(1.53, 67.48) = 7.00, p = .004). While learning was demonstrated for all measures, evidenced by higher scores at post-test than at pre-test, no main effect of Group was obtained. Consequently, the frequencies of modeling tested here under self-controlled learning conditions were equally beneficial for the learning of the novel dance skill
FROM EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING RUSSIAN BILINGUAL LEARNERS IN RUSSIAN SCHOOLS IN FRANCE
No full textThe article presents some observations of the author (the Teacher of Russian) in the process of teaching the Russian language in Russian schools in France (Paris, Bois-Colombes, Conflans-Sainte-Honorine and St. Germain-EN-Laye). The author shares his experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language. His position: the distinction between types of bilinguals requires different techniques in language teaching
Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen stratigraphy at Lago di Vico, central Italy
No full textA new pollen record from Lago di Vico (core V1) provides fundamental new information towards reconstruction of flora and vegetation history in central Italy during the last 90 000 years. The chronological framework is secured by seventeen AMS 14C dates, one 40Ar/39Ar date and tephra analyses. At the base of the pollen record, i.e. shortly after the 40Ar/39Ar date 87 000± 7000 B.P., three phases with significant expansion of trees are recorded in close succession. These forest phases, which stratigraphically correspond to St Germain II (and Ognon?) and precede pleniglacial steppe vegetation, are designated by the local names Etruria I, Etruria II and Etruria III. During the pleniglacial, a number of fluctuations of angiosperm mesophilous trees suggest the presence of tree refugia in the area. The lowest pollen concentration values are recorded at ca. 22 000 B.P. which corresponds with other pollen records from the region. The late-glacial is characterized by an expansion in the arboreal pollen curves that is less pronounced, however, than in other pollen profiles from Italy. The Holocene part of the profile is consistently dominated by deciduous oak pollen. No major changes in arboreal pollen composition are recorded but several marked and sudden declines of the tree pollen concentration suggest that the forest cover underwent dramatic changes. Clear evidence for human impact is recorded only when cultivated crops became important which dates to ca. 2630±95 B.P
The microcirculation of the sublingual and submandibular glands in the dog
No full textPLEASE NOTE: This work is protected by copyright. Downloading is restricted to the BU community: please log in with a valid BU account to access and click Download. If you are the author of this work and would like to make it publicly available, please contact [email protected] (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, [1969?]. School of Graduate Dentistry.Bibliography, colored photographs included
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