176 research outputs found
Regional Patterns of Industry Location in Transition Countries: Does Economic Integration with the European Union Matter?
No full textResmini L. (2007) Regional patterns of industry location in transition countries: does economic integration with the European Union matter?, Regional Studies 41, 747-764. Recent developments in international trade theory predict that increased globalization will be associated with increased locational concentration of economic activities, and hence increased specialization of national and regional economies. Relatively little empirical evidence exists about whether these predictions are correct, especially as regards Central and Eastern Europe. The paper analyses the interplay between economic integration and industry location in four candidate countries during the 1990s. It demonstrates that economic integration with the European Union has changed industry re-location processes within candidate countries, giving rise to a spatial organization of manufacturing productions which is less inward-oriented and more evenly distributed across regions than it was at the beginning of the transition process. Resmini L. (2007) La distribution regionale de la localisation industrielle dans les pays en voie de transition: l'integration economique a l'Ue, importe-t-il?, Regional Studies 41, 747-764. Les developpements recents dans la theorie du commerce international prevoient que la course a la mondialisation s'associe a la concentration geographique des activites economiques et, par la suite, a la specialisation accrue des economies nationales et regionales. Rares sont les preuves empiriques de la justesse de ces previsions-la, surtout pour ce qui est de l'Europe centrale et orientale. Cet article cherche a analyser l'interaction entre l'integration economique et la localisation industrielle dans quatre pays-candidats pendant les annees 1990. On demontre que l'integration economique a l'Ue a modifie les processus de relocalisation industrielle au sein des pays-candidats, ce qui a entraine une organisation geographique du tissu industriel qui s'avere moins nombriliste et distribuee plus uniformement a travers les regions qu'il ne l'etait au debut de la periode de transition. Localisation industrielle Integration economique Pays en voie de transition Resmini L. (2007) Regionale Muster der industriellen Umsiedelung in U-super-�bergangslanden: kommt es auf eine wirtschaftliche Integration in die EU an?, Regional Studies 41, 747-764. Die jU-super-�ngsten Entwicklungen in der Welthandelstheorie haben zur Prognose gefU-super-�hrt, dass eine erhohte Globalisierung mit einer erhohten lokalen Konzentration der Wirtschaftstatigkeiten einhergehen wird, wodurch sich die Spezialisierung der nationalen und regionalen Wirtschaften erhohen wird. Hinsichtlich der Richtigkeit dieser Prognosen liegen nur relativ wenige empirische Belege vor, insbesondere was Mittel- und Osteuropa anbelangt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wirtschaftsintegration und Industriestandort in vier Kandidatenlandern wahrend der neunziger Jahre untersucht. Gezeigt wird, dass die wirtschaftliche Integration in die EU zu einer Veranderung der industriellen Umsiedelungsprozesse in den Kandidatenlandern und zu einer raumlichen Organisation der produzierenden Industrie gefU-super-�hrt hat, die weniger nach innen orientiert und gleichmassiger U-super-�ber die Regionen verteilt ist als zu Beginn des U-super-�bergangsprozesses. Industriestandort Wirtschaftsintegration U-super-�bergangslander Resmini L. (2007) Modelos regionales de ubicacion industrial en paises de transicion: �Es importante la integracion economica en la UE?, Regional Studies 41, 747-764. Los ultimos avances sobre la teoria del comercio internacional vaticinan que una mayor globalizacion estara vinculada a una mayor concentracion de ubicacion de actividades economicas, y por ende ocurrira una aumento en la especializacion de las economias nacionales y regionales. Existen pruebas empiricas relativamente escasas para saber si estas predicciones son correctas, sobre todo en lo que concierne a Europa central y oriental. En este articulo analizo la interaccion entre la integracion economica y la ubicacion industrial en cuatro paises candidatos durante la decada de los noventa. Demuestro que la integracion economica en la UE ha cambiado los procesos de reubicacion de la industria en los paises candidatos, causando la aparicion de una organizacion espacial de produccion manufacturera que esta menos orientada hacia dentro y distribuida mas equilibradamente en las regiones de lo que estaba al principio del proceso de transicion. Ubicacion de la industria Integracion economica Paises de transicionIndustry location, Economic integration, Transition countries,
FDI in services in European regions: an overview
No full textIn the last two decades, services have emerged as the largest and most dynamic component of GDP in most developed countries. While consumer services mainly satisfy final demand, a large share of the output of business services sectors is used as an intermediate input in the manufacturing sector. It is therefore often claimed that the opening of services sectors to international competition would not only benefit the services sectors themselves but also downstream manufacturing sectors. One channel through which such benefits may materialize is through the international relocation of efficient services firms to economies in which the services sector is comparatively less efficient. Similar to FDI in goods, the European Union (EU) represents the largest market for services FDI. This paper offers a comprehensive view of the composition, spatial distribution and determinants of foreign investment across the EU regions and allows assessing the “missed opportunities” for intra-EU FDI due to the existence of residual restrictions to free circulation of some services and persisting differences in national regulations that prevent the full functioning of the single market
Spatial complexity and interactions in the FDI attractiveness of regions
No full textThis study investigates the factors that drive the distribution of foreign direct investments (FDI) into European regions, trying to disentangle the spatial complexity of this economic relationship. In particular, we argue that regions' capacity to attract FDI is affected by own-country effects, which can take two different forms: the first relates to the relative performance of the country a region belongs to in Europe (between country effect) while the second concerns the relative performance of regions' within their own countries (within country effect). We find that own country effects exist, though the within country effect is weaker than the between country effect. The absolute performance of countries is able to affect that of their own regions along many axes, on top of region?s absolute performance. When modelling spatial interactions and spillovers, it also emerges a clear pattern of territorial competition among regions in attracting FDI
External relations, regional productivity, and exogenous shocks: lessons from the Italian experience
No full textThis study provides novel insights into the debate concerning the external drivers of productivity at local (NUTS-3) level. In particular, it explores the role played by global production networks, measured through ownership ties among multinational firms and their subsidiaries abroad, in shaping patterns of productivity growth of local economies. Focusing on the Italian experience and using spatial econometrics techniques, the article demonstrates that external relations play a crucial role in sustaining the productivity of Italian provinces, even during periods of severe economic downturns, like the Great Recession. In detail, productivity growth is positively correlated with the Intensity of the networks established by multinational firms and their geographical dispersion
FDI spillovers in new EU member states
No full textUsing an unbalanced panel of firm-level data in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania, we examine the impact of foreign firms on domestic firms' productivity. In particular, we try to answer the following research questions: (1) Are there any spillover effects of foreign direct investments (FDI), and if so, are they positive or negative? (2) Are spillover effects more likely to occur within or across sectors? (3) Are the existence, the direction and the magnitude of spillovers conditioned by sector and firm-specific characteristics? Our findings show that FDI spillovers exist both within and across sectors. The former arise when foreign firms operate in labour-intensive sectors, while the latter occur when foreign firms operate in high-tech sectors. Moreover, we find that domestic firm size conditions the exploitation of FDI spillovers even after controlling for absorptive capacity. We also detect a great deal of heterogeneity across countries consistent with the technology gap hypothesis. Copyright (c) 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2010 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Multinational corporations as a catalyst for industrial development: the case of Poland
No full textIn a recent model Markusen and Venables (1999) describe the conditions under which foreign direct investments (FDI) can act as a catalyst for local industrial development. We apply this framework to the case of Poland, allowing for the entry of multinationals in both intermediates and consumption goods industry.
We check these hypotheses against empirical evidence, exploring agglomeration patterns of multinational and domestic firms at the regional level, and constructing an econometric model able to measure the interactions between the two classes of firms.
Consistently with the theoretical predictions, we find robust evidence for the idea that multinationals may promote local industrial development through the generation of backward and forward linkages
Border regions in Candidate Countries: Comparative Facts and Figures
No full textPHARE ACE Project n. P98-1117-
Where do foreign firms locate in transition countries?An empirical investigation
No full textFirm-level data sets on foreign manufacturing plants in four Central and Eastern European Countries are used in this paper, to trace their location and estimate the determinants of their choice processes. A nested logit model as developed by McFadden (1974) is used in the analysis. A central focus of the analysis is foreign direct investment (FDI) which is a good indicator of where location of foreign investments is made. Several reasons explain the need for mapping the location of FDI. First of all, it facilitates understanding the real competitiveness of regions and countries in
providing location advantages able to complement multi-national enterprises’ (MNE) specific advantages. Secondly, it directly shows the distribution of the benefits usually associated with FDI. Finally, an understanding of FDI location decisions is important
for policy makers who believe that MNEs may offer a positive contribution to the economic development of disadvantaged areas and thus correct potential regional imbalances. The main results show that sector specific factors affect the choice of the final location. These unobserved characteristics influence both the determinants and the structure of MNEs location choice process
The location of multinational enterprises in Central and Eastern European countries
No full textAfter the fall of the Berlin Wall and the start of the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) increased substantially throughout the 1990s. Given the importance and the novelty of the phenomenon, a huge literature on FDI in Central and Eastern Europe has been developing since the beginning of the transition phase. It focuses mainly on the determinants and consequences of FDI at aggregate country or industry level,1 while little or no attention has been devoted to the spatial aspects of the activity of foreign firms. This chapter tries to fill this gap, by focusing on the location patterns of foreign firms in some Central and Eastern European regions. Several reasons explain the importance of this issue. In particular, FDI inflows into transition countries show a lot of variation not only across but also within countries, due to the diversity of economic development levels recorded in the
area. This implies that while FDI is able to exert a positive effect at national level, this effect may be different at regional level, thus triggering regional economic inequalities. Studying where multinational enterprises (MNEs) locate should then help understanding how the benefits generated by FDI spread across
regions in Central and Eastern Europe. Besides the obvious implications for regional policies, a regional approach to foreign firms’ location patterns allows to point out several interesting features concerning the determinants of FDI. A better comprehension of the mechanism behind the location decision of multinationals may thus help policy-makers improve the
attractiveness of laggard regions
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