18 research outputs found
PCensus for MapPoint
No full textLaura Syms provides an overview of PCensus, a geodemographic tool used by business for site selection and market planning
Resilience to large-scale disturbance in coral and fish assemblages on the Great Barrier Reef
No full textRecognition of the complex spatial and temporal variability of abundance and diversity found in many populations has led to a greater focus on the roles of heterogeneity, stochasticity, and disturbance in the structure and persistence of communities. This focus is directly relevant to coral reef communities that are characterized by very high species diversity in a spatially heterogeneous environment, display stochastic variability in community structure at small spatial and temporal scales, and are subject to major disturbances. We monitored coral and fish assemblages over 14 years on fixed sites spread over 80 km of the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, and found evidence of large-scale resilience and predictable recovery of these assemblages. Sometime between November 1987 and October 1989, live coral cover on the shallow northeast flanks of some reefs in the southern GBR decreased from >80% to <10%, probably as a result of storm damage. We compared the fish and benthic communities present in these areas prior to the disturbance (1983-1984) with those present in 1992 and the subsequent changes through to 1998. Hard coral cover increased slowly from 1992 to 1994, then accelerated to be indistinguishable from pre-impact levels by 1998. The response of the coral assemblages was largely due to the predominance of tabulate Acropora species and their characteristics of rapid growth and competitive dominance. Patterns of species richness of the fish families Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, and Pomacentridae mirrored that of hard coral, except the Pomacentridae had not recovered to pre-impact levels by 1998. Of the 26 fish species analyzed for changes in abundance, 88% decreased after the disturbance, then subsequently increased, with all but two recovering to pre-impact levels by 1998. Although processes such as settlement and immigration are ultimately responsible for replenishment of local populations, our data suggested that habitat plays a strong role in modifying fish assemblages. Thus, both coral and fish assemblages demonstrated resilience to large-scale natural disturbance and predictability in the structure of the assemblages, with most taxa approaching the asymptote of abundance and species richness that existed prior to the disturbance.PT: J; CR: ALLEN GR, 1998, GUIDE ANGELFISHES BU AULT TR, 1998, ECOL MONOGR, V68, P25 BAIRD AH, 2000, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V251, P117 BELL JD, 1984, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V15, P265 BOHNSACK JA, 1983, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V9, P41 BORMANN FH, 1979, AM SCI, V67, P660 BROTHERS EB, 1983, MAR BIOL, V76, P319 BROWN BE, 1997, CORAL REEFS, V16, P129 BUDDEMEIER RW, 2002, CORAL REEFS, V21, P1 BYTHELL JC, 2000, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V204, P93 CALEY MJ, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P414 CHABANET P, 1997, CORAL REEFS, V16, P93 CHEAL AJ, 2002, CORAL REEFS, V21, P131 CHESSON PL, 1986, COMMUNITY ECOLOGY, P229 CHOAT JH, 1996, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V134, P15 CLEY MJ, 1997, P 8 INT COR REEF S, V1, P993 COLGAN MW, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1592 CONNELL JH, 1978, SCIENCE, V199, P1302 CONNELL JH, 1983, AM NAT, V121, P789 CONNELL JH, 1997, CORAL REEFS S, V16, P101 CONNELL JH, 1997, ECOL MONOGR, V67, P461 CORNELL HV, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P233 DAVIES PJ, 1979, SEARCH, V10, P776 DAVIES PJ, 1980, NATURE, V287, P37 DOHERTY PJ, 1987, B MAR SCI, V41, P411 DOHERTY PJ, 1991, ECOLOGY FISHES CORAL, P261 DOHERTY PJ, 1997, P 8 INT COR REEF S P, V1, P1005 DONE TJ, 1992, CONT SHELF RES, V12, P859 FOWLER AJ, 1990, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V64, P39 FOWLER AJ, 1992, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V82, P131 FRIEDLANDER AM, 1998, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V224, P1 GREEN AL, 1996, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V133, P1 HANSKI I, 1998, NATURE, V396, P41 HART AM, 1996, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V132, P11 HART AM, 1996, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V132, P21 HEINSELMAN ML, 1981, P C FIR REG EC PROP, P7 HIXON MA, 1991, ECOLOGY FISHES CORAL, P475 HIXON MA, 1993, ECOL MONOGR, V63, P77 HOBBS RJ, 1994, PACIFIC CONSERVATION, V1, P170 HOLLING CS, 1973, ANNUAL REV ECOLOGY S, V4, P1 HUGHES TP, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1547 HUGHES TP, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR 2, V44, P932 JONES GP, 1991, ECOLOGY FISHES CORAL, P294 JONES GP, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P287 KARLSON RH, 1993, CORAL REEFS, V12, P117 LASSIG BR, 1983, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V9, P55 LEWIS AR, 1997, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V161, P37 LITTELL RC, 1996, SAS SYSTEM MIXED MOD LUCKHURST BE, 1978, MAR BIOL, V49, P317 MASSEL SR, 1993, CORAL REEFS, V12, P153 MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GENERALIZED LINEAR MEEKAN MG, 1999, B MAR SCI, V64, P383 NINIO R, 2000, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V194, P65 NINIO R, 2002, CORAL REEFS, V21, P95 NOTT J, 2001, NATURE, V413, P508 ODUM EP, 1969, SCIENCE, V164, P262 OLIVER JK, 1995, LONG TERM MINITORING PAINE RT, 1981, ECOL MONOGR, V51, P145 PICKETT STA, 1986, ECOLOGY NATURAL DIST PIUMM SL, 1991, BALANCE NATURE ECOL RANDALL JE, 1990, FISHES GRET BARRIER ROBERTS CM, 1987, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V41, P1 SALE PF, 1978, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V3, P85 SALE PF, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P121 SANO M, 2000, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V198, P121 STIMSON J, 1985, ECOLOGY, V66, P40 SWEATMAN H, 2000, 4 I MAR SCI SWEATMAN H, 2001, 5 AUSTR I MAR SCI SYMS C, 1998, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V230, P151 SYMS C, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P2714 THOMPSON AA, 2002, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V232, P247 VANWOESIK R, 1991, J COASTAL RES, V7, P551 WALSH WJ, 1983, CORAL REEFS, V2, P49 WELLINGTON GM, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V68, P15 WILKINSON CR, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P867 WILLIAMS DM, 1982, CORAL REEFS, V1, P35 WILLIAMS DM, 1983, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V10, P239 WILLIAMS DM, 1986, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V28, P157 WILLIAMS DM, 1991, ECOLOGY FISHES CORAL, P437 WOODLEY JD, 1981, SCIENCE, V214, P749 WU JG, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P439; NR: 81; TC: 9; J9: ECOLOGY; PG: 14; GA: 843VASource type: Electronic(1
Megafaunal distribution and biodiversity in a heterogeneous landscape: the iceberg scoured Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic
No full textSpecies distributions are influenced by spatial structure in environmental factors, but the scales at which these dependencies occur and the effect of habitat patch diversity, connectivity and spatial arrangement have rarely been investigated in deep-sea settings. In this study, spatially-limited photographic transects collected from Rockall Bank, Northeast Atlantic, were combined with sidescan and multibeam sonar maps to model spatial patterns in species distribution and biodiversity. Sediment interpretation maps were created and canonical ordination techniques were used to examine relationships between fine-scale sediment characteristics extracted from the digital stills as well as landscape metrics describing the patch mosaic structure of the surrounding areas. Fine-scale sediment characteristics explained 45.1% and 63.8% of the variation in species composition and biodiversity (H′) respectively. This survey effectively captured variation in species distribution resulting from iceberg ploughmarks, occurring at a scale of < 50 m which would normally go undetected by traditional ship-based studies. Our study suggests that fine-scale environmental information is required to capture the spatial heterogeneity of complex seafloor areas in sufficient detail to model species distributions and biodiversity
In‐Office Tympanostomy Tube Placement Using Iontophoresis and Automated Tube Delivery Systems
No full textHabitat creation and biodiversity maintenance in mangrove forests:teredinid bivalves as ecosystem engineers
No full textIn-Office Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children Using Iontophoresis and Automated Tube Delivery.
No full textOBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Evaluate technical success, tolerability, and safety of lidocaine iontophoresis and tympanostomy tube placement for children in an office setting.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective individual cohort study.
METHODS: This prospective multicenter study evaluated in-office tube placement in children ages 6 months through 12 years of age. Anesthesia was achieved via lidocaine/epinephrine iontophoresis. Tube placement was conducted using an integrated and automated myringotomy and tube delivery system. Anxiolytics, sedation, and papoose board were not used. Technical success and safety were evaluated. Patients 5 to 12 years old self-reported tube placement pain using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) instrument, which ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (very much pain).
RESULTS: Children were enrolled into three cohorts with 68, 47, and 222 children in the Operating Room (OR) Lead-In, Office Lead-In, and Pivotal cohorts, respectively. In the Pivotal cohort, there were 120 and 102 children in thegroups, respectively, with a mean age of 2.3 and 7.6 years, respectively. Bilateral tube placement was indicated for 94.2% of children88.2% of children 5 to 12 years old. Tubes were successfully placed in all indicated ears in 85.8% (103/120) of children89.2% (91/102) of children 5 to 12 years old. Mean FPS-R score was 3.30 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.39) for tube placement and 1.69 (SD = 2.43) at 5 minutes postprocedure. There were no serious adverse events. Nonserious adverse events occurred at rates similar to standard tympanostomy procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: In-office tube placement in selected patients can be successfully achieved without requiring sedatives, anxiolytics, or papoose restraints via lidocaine iontophoresis local anesthesia and an automated myringotomy and tube delivery system.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b Laryngoscope, 130:S1-S9, 2020
The transcriptome of Populus in elevated CO2 reveals increased anthocyanin biosynthesis during delayed autumnal senescence
No full textThe delay in autumnal senescence that has occurred in recent decades has been linked to rising temperatures. Here, we suggest that increasing atmospheric CO2 may partly account for delayed autumnal senescence and for the first time, through transcriptome analysis, identify gene expression changes associated with this delay.Using a plantation of Populus × euramericana grown in elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) with free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the molecular and biochemical basis of this response. A Populus cDNA microarray was used to identify genes representing multiple biochemical pathways influenced by e[CO2] during senescence. Gene expression changes were confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR, and leaf biochemical assays.Pathways for secondary metabolism and glycolysis were significantly up-regulated by e[CO2] during senescence, in particular, those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing the two most significantly up-regulated transcripts in e[CO2], LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxgenase) and DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase), gave (e[CO2]/ambient CO2 (a[CO2])) expression ratios of 39.6 and 19.3, respectively.We showed that in e[CO2] there was increased autumnal leaf sugar accumulation and up-regulation of genes determining anthocyanin biosynthesis which, we propose, prolongs leaf longevity during natural autumnal senescence.<br/
Biomaterials in cochlear implants
No full textThe cochlear implant (CI) represents, for almost 25 years now, the gold standard in the treatment of children born deaf and for postlingually deafened adults. These devices thus constitute the greatest success story in the field of ‘neurobionic’ prostheses. Their (now routine) fitting in adults, and especially in young children and even babies, places exacting demands on these implants, particularly with regard to the biocompatibility of a CI’s surface components. Furthermore, certain parts of the implant face considerable mechanical challenges, such as the need for the electrode array to be flexible and resistant to breakage, and for the implant casing to be able to withstand external forces. As these implants are in the immediate vicinity of the middle-ear mucosa and of the junction to the perilymph of the cochlea, the risk exists – at least in principle – that bacteria may spread along the electrode array into the cochlea. The wide-ranging requirements made of the CI in terms of biocompatibility and the electrode mechanism mean that there is still further scope – despite the fact that CIs are already technically highly sophisticated – for ongoing improvements to the properties of these implants and their constituent materials, thus enhancing the effectiveness of these devices. This paper will therefore discuss fundamental material aspects of CIs as well as the potential for their future development. Keywords: cochlear implant, biomaterials, biocompatibility, electrode, inner ear, cochleostomy, surface functionalization, drug delivery, nanoparticles, coatin
