41,126 research outputs found
Inner amenability of Lau algebras
Full text linksummary:A concept of amenability for an arbitrary Lau algebra called inner amenability is introduced and studied. The inner amenability of a discrete semigroup is characterized by the inner amenability of its convolution semigroup algebra. Also, inner amenable Lau algebras are characterized by several equivalent statements which are similar analogues of properties characterizing left amenable Lau algebras
Assembly of complete mouse embryo models from embryonic and induced stem cell types in vitro
Full text linkThe interaction between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues is critical in natural mouse embryogenesis. Here, to enable such interaction in vitro, we describe a protocol to assemble a complete mouse embryo model using mouse embryonic stem cells and induced embryonic stem cells to express Cdx2 (or trophoblast stem cells) and Gata4 to reconstitute the epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm lineages, respectively. The resulting complete embryo models recapitulate development from embryonic day 5.0 to 8.5, generating advanced embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that develop through gastrulation to initiate organogenesis to form a head and a beating heart structure as well as a yolk sac and chorion. Once the required stem cell lines are stably maintained in culture, the protocol requires 1 day to assemble complete embryo models and a further 8 days to culture them until headfold stages, although structures can be collected at earlier developmental stages as required. This protocol can be easily performed by researchers with experience in mouse stem cell culture, although they will benefit from knowledge of natural mouse embryos at early postimplantation stages
Common reversal mechanisms and correlation between transient domain states and field sweep rate in patterned Permalloy structures
No full textComplicated domain configurations generated during the magnetization reversal of Permalloy elements patterned in various shapes are the results of a surprisingly few switching mechanisms. By comparing the results from micromagnetic simulations with the experimentally observed switching events imaged by Lorentz microscopy, we found that nucleation and annihilation of vortices and vortex/antivortex pairs, and the propagation of Neel and cross-tie walls are common mechanisms for magnetization reversal in Permalloy elements with dimensions favorable to domain formation. In addition, for a given element, different mechanism combination(s) may transpire, depending on the sweep rate in the externally applied field. This is because energy maxima and minima are generally field dependent and that different field sweep rate alters the time allotted for thermally assisted transition between states. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics
sj-pdf-1-eae-10.1177_0958305X221146942 - Supplemental material for Light pollution impact assessment in Hong Kong: Multi-dimensional measurement and spatial numerical modelling on integrated light sources in the neighbourhood level
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eae-10.1177_0958305X221146942 for Light pollution impact assessment in Hong Kong: Multi-dimensional measurement and spatial numerical modelling on integrated light sources in the neighbourhood level by Jimmy C K Tong, X H Yao, Edmond S L Lau, Wendy K S Cheung, Kingston K S Ho, Venus Y Y Ng and Arthur P S Lau in Energy & Environment</p
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