1,720,968 research outputs found
The labour market in Algeria : social networks, occupational choice and wages
No full textLes récents mouvements sociaux qui ont secoué certains pays arabes notamment l'Algérie ont montré la fragilité de la situation sur le marché du travail dans ces pays en particulier pour les jeunes. Le premier chapitre porte sur l'analyse de la situation du marché du travail en Algérie sur une longue période. Ces dix dernières années la situation de l'emploi s'est dégradée en termes de sécurité de l'emploi en particulier pour les jeunes. La situation reste difficile, d'autant plus que la situation démographique actuelle envisage de fortes pressions sur le marché du travail dans le futur. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous analysons les stratégies de recherche d'emploi notamment par le biais des méthodes informelles. Nos résultats montrent de fortes spécificités liées au genre dans les stratégies de recherche. Dans l'ensemble, les réseaux sociaux apparaissent comme étant une méthode efficace pour trouver un emploi en Algérie mais pas pour des emplois qualifiés. Le troisième chapitre vise à étudier l'architecture des systèmes d'emploi en Algérie. Il ressort que le modèle qui explique le mieux le comportement des hommes et des femmes est un modèle séquentiel à deux niveaux : participation vs non participation et ensuite le choix d'un segment sur le marché du travail. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous analysons les déterminants du choix du secteur et les salaires pour les hommes et les femmes dans différents secteurs d'activités en Algérie. Nos résultats montrent que les femmes sont moins bien rémunérées par rapport aux hommes dans les différents segments. Le secteur public est celui qui protège le plus les femmes de la discrimination salariale.Recent social movements that swept some Arab countries including Algeria showed the fragility of the situation on the labor market in these countries in particular for young people. The first chapter deals with the analysis of the situation of the labor market in Algeria over a long period. Over the past decade the employment situation has deteriorated in terms of job security in particular for young people. The situation remains difficult, especially as the current demographic situation considering pressures on the labor market in the future. In the second chapter, we analyze the strategies for job search including through informal methods. Our results show strong gender specificities in search strategies. Overall, social networks appear to be an effective method to find a job in Algeria but not for skilled jobs. The third chapter aims to study the architecture of employment systems in Algeria. It appears that the model that best explains the behavior of men and women is a sequential two-level model: participation vs. non participation and then choosing a segment on the labor market. In the fourth chapter, we analyze the determinants of the choice of sector and wages for men and women in different sectors in Algeria. Our results show that women are paid less compared to men in the various segments. The public sector is the one that best protects women from wage discrimination
Does Pre-School Improve Child Development and Affect the Quality of Parent-Child Interaction? Evidence from Algeria
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on the quality of parent–child interactions and children’s cognitive outcomes. My identification strategy exploits geographical differences in terms of exposure to the program, controlling for the period when the program is implemented across Algerian municipalities as an instrument for individual early childcare attendance. I estimate 2SLS regression analysis and employ a difference-in-difference strategy. I use two Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys conducted in 2006 and 2012. I find a positive effect of preschool on the cognitive development of children. In turn, the effect is only significant for mother with negative effect on the interaction between mother and children, which means that there is a substitution effect, mother use this time to do something else. These findings call for future research on parents’, especially mother’s, time use when their children attend early childcare
Public Preschool and Maternal Labor Supply in Algeria: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
No full textDoes Trust on Institution Affect the Informal Activities Among Youth in MENA Region (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt and Lebanon)
Get PDFSeveral empirical works have analyzed the determinants of being in informal sector. Most focus on the effect of socioeconomic factors such as level of education, regions of residence, skills acquired, and gender. The most recent works has find that institutional factors can influence decisions to undertake activities in the informal sector such as corruption, regulations and legislation (Hart, 2012; Schneider et al., 2010) or tax burden (Schneider and Enste, 2000; Ferraira-Tiryaki, 2008, Friedman and al, 2000, Frey and Torgler2007) but alternative explanation concerning the institutional factor include Portes (1994, 2005, 2010) and Burroni and al. ( 2008) concern the effect of institutional trust “Informality is curbed by institutional trust”. This article presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of being in informality for youth’s people in selected MENA countries (Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia) focusing on the effect of institutional trust. The analysis of the data suggests that the general level of young people’s trust in different institutions is low. The estimation results of discrete choice model using recent survey“ SAHWA “, confirm that youth’s people trusts in institutions have a significant effect on the likelihood of being in informality. However, it seems to differ according to witch institutions are considered and by countries
Female labor force participation in five selected MENA countries: An age-period-cohort analysis
No full textThis paper considers the female labor force participation (FLFP) behavior over the past decade in five MENA countries namely, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia. Low FLFP rates in these countries, as it is in other MENA countries, are well documented. We conduct synthetic panel analysis using age-period-cohort (APC) methodology and decompose FLFP rates into age, period and cohort effects. We present our results with Hanoch-Honig/Deaton-Paxson normalization and maximum entropy estimation approaches to the APC methodology in order to observe robustness of our results. We first study the aggregate FLFP and note the differentials in age, period and cohort effects across the countries we consider. The analysis is carried also out by rural/urban regional differentiation, marital status and educational attainment. Implications of our results for possible government policies to increase FLFP rates are discussed
Evidence from a Natural Experiment
No full textGlobally, employment rates of women
remain substantially below those of men. Since women
disproportionately care for children, policies that offer
care alternatives or lower the cost of care, should,
theoretically, increase women’s employment. This paper tests
whether public pre-primary education can increase women’s
employment, using a natural experiment in Algeria. Education
reforms in Algeria substantially expanded public preprimary,
targeting children aged five. The paper uses data from 2006
(early in the expansion), 2012, and 2018 (after pre-primary
had substantially expanded). The analyses use a
discontinuity in whether children are eligible for
pre-primary, based on their birthdates, to identify the
effect of pre-primary on women’s employment. Increased
pre-primary education did not increase and may have actually
decreased women’s employment. One potential explanation for
these findings is the half-day schedule of pre-primary may
be difficult to reconcile with employment. Negative effects
are concentrated among women living in nuclear families, who
lack alternative caregivers
Female Labor Force Participation in Five Selected Mena Countries: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia)
Get PDFThis paper considers the female labor force participation (FLFP) behavior over the past decade in five MENA countries namely, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia. Low FLFP rates in these countries, as it is in other MENA countries, are well documented. We conduct synthetic panel analysis using age-period-cohort (APC) methodology and decompose FLFP rates into age, period and cohort effects. We present our results with Hanoch-Honig/Deaton-Paxson normalization and maximum entropy estimation approaches to the APC methodology in order to observe robustness of our results. We first study the aggregate FLFP and note the differentials in age, period and cohort effects across the countries we consider.The analysis is carried also out by rural/urban regional differentiation, marital status and educational attainment. Implications of our results for possible government policies to increase FLFP rates are discussed
المرأة الماكثة في البيت في الجزائر: قدرات منسية؟!
Get PDFThe most research in labor economics field have focused on the determinants of the participation and the occupational choice of women in the labor market ignoring the behavior of a sub-population which remained outside of the traditional labor market, these are housewives despite their statistical weight. Indeed, three out of five women of working age are housewives. This disinterest is probably due to lack of data concerning these sub-population. In this article, we focus on the study of this population "housewives" from an original investigation, which included a special section on the activities of housewives. Several mutation indices were observed on the behavior of these housewives inside and outside the household. For example, it appears they assist more their children in homework. However, they occupy less nephews and grandchildren. They read, write and use the internet. Housewives participate in all the spots outside the household. In the case of certain activities, the proportions are relatively large. Other observed result, they invest more public space
Déterminants de la participation au marché du travail et choix occupationnel: une analyse microéconométrique appliquée au cas de l'Algérie
Get PDFA review of the literature on the issue of labor market participation and occupational choice, allows us to see that research on this topic turned more on developed countries. In developing countries, including Algeria, the determinants of participation in economic activity and individuals’ occupational choice remain understood despite their economic and social importance since the degree of economic vulnerability and social development is strongly correlated to the occupied job. This work is not concerned with income from the labor market but rather the process that takes place upstream, that is to say, the integration into the labor market. We will study the labor market functioning by analyzing the supply and demand of labor. So the first step is to analyze the participation determinants in economic activity and in a second stage to determine the role of individual characteristics, in particular human capital for the tenure choice.
The aim of this work is to answer the following questions:
• What are the factors that influence individual's participation in the labor market? Is there a difference between men and women?
• What are the occupational choice determinants of an individual on the labor market? Are there the same factors for men and women?
• What are the causes of failure in the labor market?
To provide an answer to all our concerns, we have exploited the employment surveys conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) from Algerian households (employment surveys 1997 and 2007). For processing and data analysis, we applied several econometric techniques: models of discrete choice (binary logistic regression) and segmentation techniques.
Four major findings emerged from this study: first, we note that women's participation in economic activity is following a logic quite different from that of men. For women, it is the education and training that determine the participation in the labor market. For men, it is rather the age that determines participation. The second result concerns the effect of the sex variable; the latter has very important effect in the first phase of participation in economic activity. In the second phase (being busy) the effect of this variable is less important. The third result indicates the human capital importance in the positioning in the various segments of the labor market and improving the job situation. The fourth result is dysfunction in the labor market due to the mismatch between characterized supply by a population increasingly educated and labor demand characterized by job creation increasingly unqualified
La main d’oeuvre familiale : Quelle utilisation en Algerie ?
Get PDFDeux raisons militent principalement en faveur de la recherche sur l.entrepreneuriat familial en Algerie. La premiere est que la tres grande majorite des entreprises algeriennes sont des entreprises familiales. L'importance du nombre de PME familiales justifie a elle seule l'interet de ce sujet. La deuxieme est le manque flagrant des recherches consacrees a l'entrepreneuriat familial. Ce travail vise a contribuer a une meilleure connaissance des entrepreneurs qui utilisent l'aide familiale, a determiner les facteurs expliquant cette utilisation et a identifier les principales caracteristiques de la main- d'oeuvre familiale. La methodologie utilisee dans notre travail est basee sur une approche comparative : entrepreneurs qui utilisent l'aide familiale et entrepreneurs qui ne l'utilisent pas. Pour cela, plusieurs regressions de type ¡ì logistique binaire ¡í ont ete appliquees sur l'enquete emploi aupres des menages realisee en 2005 par l'Office National des Statistiques (ONS).Mots cles : Entreprise familiale, entrepreneur, main-d.oeuvre familiale, enquete emploi, regression logistique
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