1,720,955 research outputs found
How democracies can survive
No full textThe crisis of democracy has raised a not-entirely understood insidious
conundrum. Namely, democracies cannot avoid electoral results leading
to the power leaders and movements who rise up against their institutions,
and they must be able to cope with them. The trial that politics has placed
before many liberal democracies is this: Will democracies be able to cope
with populist leaders since democracies cannot avoid them?
When we observe electoral outcomes that can be more or less harmful for
democratic institutions, this risk affects each democracy in a different
way. Questions arise about the strength of democracies: Why do
democracies react differently, collapsing or surviving, to similar threats?
Which democracies can better cope with them and why? Little is known
about what causes these differences in democratic strength, on what their
capacity to resist depends, and why it varies so much across countries.
This thesis explores this important grey area in comparative politics.
Reviewing the literature with a need to design a more reliable paradigm
to understand the crisis of democracy, the answers to these questions lead
us to the idea of creating an Index of Democratic Strength in order to
measure the capacity of democracy to withstand threats to its political
identity and institutional integrity.
The Index represents the extent to which democratic institutions can resist
as a kind of litmus paper of the crisis of democracy. Finally, this research
moved from the methodology to the observation of case-studies, covering
three particularly significant examples: United States of America (1993 - 2018), Hungary (1990 - 2014) and Poland (2007 - 2018).The crisis of democracy has raised a not-entirely understood insidious
conundrum. Namely, democracies cannot avoid electoral results leading
to the power leaders and movements who rise up against their institutions,
and they must be able to cope with them. The trial that politics has placed
before many liberal democracies is this: Will democracies be able to cope
with populist leaders since democracies cannot avoid them?
When we observe electoral outcomes that can be more or less harmful for
democratic institutions, this risk affects each democracy in a different
way. Questions arise about the strength of democracies: Why do
democracies react differently, collapsing or surviving, to similar threats?
Which democracies can better cope with them and why? Little is known
about what causes these differences in democratic strength, on what their
capacity to resist depends, and why it varies so much across countries.
This thesis explores this important grey area in comparative politics.
Reviewing the literature with a need to design a more reliable paradigm
to understand the crisis of democracy, the answers to these questions lead
us to the idea of creating an Index of Democratic Strength in order to
measure the capacity of democracy to withstand threats to its political
identity and institutional integrity.
The Index represents the extent to which democratic institutions can resist
as a kind of litmus paper of the crisis of democracy. Finally, this research
moved from the methodology to the observation of case-studies, covering
three particularly significant examples: United States of America (1993 - 2018), Hungary (1990 - 2014) and Poland (2007 - 2018).LUISS PhD Thesi
How to defend the democratic principle when elections and parchment barriers fail. A realistic approach to constitutional democracy
Full text linkFin dagli anni Settanta, l’uso dell’espressione “crisi della democrazia” si è diffuso in modo improprio e confuso sia nelle dottrine politiche che nella politica comparata. In tal senso, l’articolo propone una revisione critica di alcuni dei postulati della teoria della democrazia. Ciò implica di rileggere concetti tradizionali, come quelli di “elezioni” e “separazione dei poteri”, con una buona dose di scetticismo. Ad esempio, il fatto che molte democrazie siano attaccate da chi è legittimato a governare dimostra che le elezioni non sono più la prima difesa della democrazia. Allo stesso modo, laddove la separazione dei poteri si riveli inefficace, le maggioranze possono sovvertire l’ordine democratico. Di conseguenza, il problema centrale dell’articolo è di definire una nuova agenda di ricerca sulle difese della democrazia ed i rischi politici. In primo luogo, l’articolo mira a sfatare una visione idealizzata delle elezioni. Inoltre, si proverà a dimostrare come le maggioranze possano neutralizzare le barriere astratte della separazione dei poteri nelle democrazie contemporanee. Si tende quindi a privilegiare un approccio realistico al funzionamento delle istituzioni, rispetto ad un idealismo ingenuo sulla teoria dei pesi e contrappesi. In questa visione, la democrazia è in crisi quando le sue istituzioni sono attaccate direttamente da chi governa usando metodi democratici. Infine, l’ultima parte dell’articolo spiega il concetto di “resistenza democratica” come la capacità delle istituzioni di sopravvivere integre nel tempo, pre- servando la loro identità costituzionale e politica.Since the Seventies, the use of the expression “crisis of democracy” has grown in a confused and improper manner both in political theory and comparative politics. In this sense, the article provides a critical assessment of some of the existing bases of democratic theory that we usually take for granted. It implies to read again the mainstream idea of elections and separation of powers with a modest share of skepticism. For instance, the conditions under which many democracies are attacked from within are showing that elections are no longer the first defense of constitutional democracy. Similarly, many systems of separation of powers fail to limit the majorities to overthrow democracy. Accordingly, the problem is to define a new research agenda on democratic defenses and political risks. Firstly, the article debunks the idealized vision of the elections. Secondly, it demonstrates how majorities can neutralize parchment barriers structuring the separation of powers in contemporary democracies. It considers a more realistic approach to politics and institutions rather than a past naive idealism about the principles of checks and balances. Thirdly, it argues for a radical recasting of the idea of constitutional democracy. In this vision, democracy is in crisis when its institutions are attacked from within by incumbents who use democratic means against democratic aims. Finally, the last part of the article deals with the development of the concept of democratic strength as the key capacity of democracies to resist untouched over time while preserving their constitutional and political identity.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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