25 research outputs found
The Openness between Platforms: What Changes in an IoT Context?
No full textThe main problem hampering innovation in the Internet of Things (IoT) is the fragmentation and lack of interoperability between IoT platforms. A possible solution for IoT platform sponsors to overcome this problem is to open up towards other platforms. To better understand how the IoT platform market is evolving and to inform future decisions regarding the desired degree of openness between IoT platforms, this thesis aimed to develop a theory on the openness between IoT platforms by identifying, prioritizing and theorizing the interrelations between factors driving the decisions from IoT platform owners related to the openness of their platform towards other IoT platforms. To this end, a preliminary theoretical framework was developed which was used as input for 13 semi-structured interviews with decision makers and field experts. It was found that openness between platforms is mostly driven by complementarities. Due to the cyber-physical nature of the IoT, the domain is characterised by a high need for specialisation and platforms are often developed from a product-centric, bottom-up approach. This results in a fragmented market in which there are strong complementarities between IoT platforms. It is found that these complementarities are the main factor driving the openness between IoT platforms.Complex Systems Engineering and Management (CoSEM
Crowd-funding the Open Science and Open Access Infrastructure: Reports from the Field 1/2
No full textAs part of the 2020 Charleston Conference we participated in a, virtual, Lively Discussion organised by SCOSS and moderated by Vanessa Proudman (SCOSS). During this session, Eelco Ferwerda (DOAB / OAPEN) together with Lars Bjørnshauge (DOAJ), Kevin Stranack (PKP) and Silvio Peroni (OpenCitations) shared their reports from the field forming the basis for an exciting conversation around the crowd-funding of Open Science and Open Access infrastructure. This blog post is a short summary of this s..
Steering the adoption of Standard Business Reporting for cross domain information exchange
No full textOver the years, several governments around the world have introduced a version of Standard Business Reporting (SBR) for information exchange with public agencies. Their main goals are to ease the reporting burden for businesses and the regulatory burden for government agencies. This paper takes a look at the adoption numbers in the Netherlands over multiple years. The objective of this paper is to analyse the adoption rates and explain them by revealing the steering instruments employed by government agencies looking to positive-ly influence SBR adoption. Our dataset consists of the total number of reports submitted using SBR towards the Tax Office, Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and the Education Executive Agency. Quantitative data analysis reveals different adoption rates and patterns in the aforementioned reporting chains. We found that adoption was positively influenced using a deliberate and fine-tuned set of steering instruments, including public-private governance, open communication and knowledge exchange, mandation, software community engagement and technical configuration (use of interfaces that match the sector specific reporting capabilities). When considering these steering instruments, policy makers and practitioners need to balance progressive standard setting and steady implementation.Information and Communication Technolog
The Governance of Collaborative Ecosystems: Towards Trusted and Secure Online Business
No full textThe digital society increasingly demands for integrated ICT transformations. Societal, technical, and institutional developments enable interorganisational and cross-sectoral integration of digital services. However, a lack of trust and legal certainty impedes electronic transactions and the development and adoption of innovative digital services. Digital trust services counter this by providing solutions for secure and trustworthy electronic transactions, which benefits the electronic society. As the development of digital trust services have the risk to develop in isolated manner, interoperability is required to allow wide adoption of these services. Collaborative ecosystems are dynamic and co-evolving communities of interdependent stakeholders, and could support valorisation of digital trust services. Nonetheless, stakeholders participating in such an ecosystem pursue different interests while envisioning different ecosystem operations. Governance contributes to efficient and effective ecosystem orchestration by providing rules on decision-making processes. In addition, the governance needs to fit with the technical architecture of an ecosystem, meanwhile, it assesses external factors and the development through time. The challenges of designing a governance model for collaborative ecosystems are relatively unexplored, as literature is sparse. Therefore, this thesis aims to design a framework which analyses and mitigates the challenges in a current collaborative ecosystem by prescribing a fitting governance model which adapts to its context through time. By following Hevner’s Design Science Research approach, the following main research question is aspired to be answered: ”How to design a governance model for a collaborative ecosystem which facilitates electronic transactions?”. By applying this framework to the current collaborative ecosystem of the Trusted Information Partners (TIP) initiative in the Netherlands, the framework is evaluated and validated. The study affirms that a framework should cogitate three components when designing a governance model for a collaborative ecosystem facilitating electronic transactions: I) Identifying the governance tensions enables context setting of factors affecting the ecosystem, II) Prescribing governance mechanisms boosts the mitigation of power dynamics, and III) Pursuing governance consistency checks whether proper governance takes place in decision-making. The framework contributes to the knowledge base of governance networks, because the research provides building blocks for establishing a governance model for collaborative ecosystems. To boost the service delivery of collaborative ecosystems, the framework could be validated by applying it to an operative collaborative ecosystem. As where the framework currently focusses on a developing ecosystem, the insights of an operative ecosystem can increase the generalisability of the framework. Future research on this can provide further alignment between the functioning of ecosystems and the governance model. Applying improved framework versions to other digital ecosystems, could also stimulate the valorisation of trusted services in society as a whole.Complex Systems Engineering and Management (CoSEM
Context dependent trade-offs around platform-to-platform openness: The case of the Internet of Things
No full textAs digital platforms are dominating the digital economy, complex ecologies of platforms are emerging. While the openness of digital platforms is an important theme in platform studies, the openness between platforms has hardly been studied. This paper explores factors that affect decisions by platform owners to open their platforms to other platforms. The focus is on Internet-of-Things platforms for automotive and healthcare applications. According to the findings, platform owners make trade-offs on whether to open up on a case-by-case basis. We identify a complex array of factors relating to direct benefits and costs (e.g., revenues from selling platform data), indirect benefits (e.g., attractiveness of the focal platform to users) as well as strategic consideration (e.g., improving bargaining power towards other actors). How businesses make trade-offs on these factors depends on market-level context (e.g., maturity of the market and standards) and organizational context (e.g., strategic focus and business objectives). Our findings provide a basis for future studies on the openness between platforms, which will become increasingly important as platforms proliferate in every layer of the digital industry.Economics of Technology and InnovationInformation and Communication Technolog
Future of Scholarly Communication: Forging an inclusive and innovative research infrastructure for scholarly communication in the social sciences and humanities
No full textAuthors: Karla Avanço • Ana Balula • Marta Błaszczyńska • Anna Buchner • Lorena Caliman • Claire Clivaz • Carlos Costa • Mateusz Franczak • Rupert Gatti • Elena Giglia • Arnaud Gingold • Susana Jarmelo • Maria João Padez • Delfim Leão • Maciej Maryl • Iva Melinščak Zlodi • Kajetan Mojsak • Agata Morka • Tom Mosterd • Elisa Nury • Cornelia Plag • Valérie Schafer • Mickael Silva • Jadranka Stojanovski • Bartłomiej Szleszyński • Agnieszka Szulińska • Erzsébet Tóth-Czifra • Piotr Wciślik • Lars Wieneke
This report discusses the scholarly communication issues in Social Sciences and Humanities that are relevant to the future development and functioning of OPERAS. The outcomes collected here can be divided into two groups of innovations regarding 1) the operation of OPERAS, and 2) its activities. The “operational” issues include the ways in which an innovative research infrastructure should be governed (Chapter 1) as well as the business models for open access publications in Social Sciences and Humanities (Chapter 2). The other group of issues is dedicated to strategic areas where OPERAS and its services may play an instrumental role in providing, enabling, or unlocking innovation: FAIR data (Chapter 3), bibliodiversity and multilingualism in scholarly communication (Chapter 4), the future of scholarly writing (Chapter 5), and quality assessment (Chapter 6). Each chapter provides an overview of the main findings and challenges with emphasis on recommendations for OPERAS and other stakeholders like e-infrastructures, publishers, SSH researchers, research performing organisations, policy makers, and funders. Links to data and further publications stemming from work concerning particular tasks are located at the end of each chapter
More than one way to solve the healthcare innovation crisis with digital platforms. Various forms of platform openness impacting primary healthcare
No full textWhereas open digital platforms drive innovation in industries, platforms in primary healthcare are mostly closed. Policy-makers have been looking for ways to open up primary healthcare platforms to stimulate collaboration and innovation and need to do so even more due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Yet, there is not one way of opening up platforms in primary healthcare, just as it is unclear how different ways of openness can lead to more innovation. This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges in realizing platform openness while examining alternative forms of openness. To answer this, we (1) conceptualize different forms of platform openness (sponsor-provider-platform-user openness), (2) examine how these forms of openness can resolve barriers to innovation, and (3) examine what challenges need to be overcome to realize that form of openness in practice, such as complexity in roles, regulations, and ICT infrastructure. The findings are relevant to structure further research on how platform openness leads to more innovations in healthcare.Information and Communication TechnologyEducation and Student AffairsEngineering, Systems and Service
Eerste ervaringen met de gewijzigde Wet voorkeursrecht gemeenten; onderzoek in opdracht van de Rijksplanologische Dienst
No full textDe gewijzigde Wet voorkeursrecht gemeenten is op 17 juli 1996 in werking getreden. De wetswijziging werd door de regering noodzakelijk geacht om de (VINEX) verstedelijkingstaakstelling beter te kunnen realiseren. Vanuit de Kamer en van betrokkenen rond deze verstedelijkingstaakstelling, zowel uit de publieke als de private sector, kon de wetswijziging op bijval rekenen. Er werd veel verwacht van de wet in verband met het voorkomen van knelpunten rond het realiseren van het verstedelijkingsbeleid. Toch was de concrete invulling van de wetswijziging niet onomstreden. Vragen werden gesteld als: Gaan de mogelijkheden van de wet wel ver genoeg? Is de wetswijziging geen 'mosterd na de maaltijd'? Is de wet voldoende werkbaar? Maar ook: Past de wet wel in een tijdperk waar marktwerking rond de ruimtelijke inrichting steeds belangrijker wordt gevonden? Gaat de ingreep op de particuliere beschikkingsmacht niet te ver? Vanuit de Kamer is er - mede daarom - op aangedrongen dat er binnen enkele jaren na inwerkingtreden een evaluatie van de wet zal plaats vinden. Uiteindelijk is een amendement aangenomen (amendement Stellingwerf), waarin is bepaald dat binnen vier jaar na inwerkingtreding van de wet de minister een verslag aan de Tweede Kamer zendt over de doeltreffendheid en de effecten van de wet in de praktijk. Dat betekent dat deze rapportage uiterlijk medio 2000 moet plaatsvinden. Ten behoeve van de voorbereiding van dit evaluatie-onderzoek is het onderzoek 'Evaluatie Wet voorkeursrecht gemeenten: fase l ' uitgevoerd. Besloten is de rapportage over dit onderzoek in tweeën te splitsen: een eerste rapport heeft direct betrekking op het straks uit te voeren evaluatie-onderzoek, een tweede rapport op de eerste ervaringen met de Wvg, die de Rijksplanologische Dienst graag nu ook in kaart zag gebracht. Deze publicatie betreft dit laatste rapport. Het rapport had niet tot stand kunnen komen zonder de bereidwillige - en vaak enthousiaste - medewerking van betrokkenen rond de uitvoering van de Wvg. Een woord van dank is hier dan ook op zijn plaats aan allen die hun medewerking hebben verleend en bereid waren soms vertrouwelijke informatie aan ons ter beschikking te stellen: betrokken overheden (provincies en gemeenten), het notariaat, betrokken marktpartijen en belangenorganisaties, in het bijzonder het Kadaster en de Koninklijke Notariële Beroepsorganisatie. Een ding is ons in elk geval duidelijk geworden: de Wvg leeft, zeker ook in de uitvoeringspraktijk. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd door de Sectie Geo-informatie en Grondbeleid van de subfaculteit Geodesie van de TU Delft, door een onderzoeksteam bestaande uit ir. D.A. Groetelaers (toegevoegd onderzoeker), prof. mr. J. de Jong (hoogleraar onroerendgoedrecht), prof. dr. w.K. Korthals Altes (hoogleraar grondbeleid) en ir. H. W. de Wolft (universitair docent
UKRI Gap Analysis of Open Access Monographs Infrastructure
No full textBackground
In October 2020, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) commissioned OAPEN to carry out a gap analysis of technical infrastructure for open access monographs, edited works and book chapters. This report presents the results of the gap analysis. It aims to inform UKRI on infrastructure requirements for OA monographs as part of its considerations for introducing an OA policy for monographs. The report describes high-level workflows and the following stakeholders: author; publisher; (research) institution; funder. The report uses a granular classification of the technical infrastructure supporting OA books and chapters.
The scope of the report is to identify infrastructure that either handles open access books exclusively, to a large extent, and/or is key infrastructure for OA books. The focus of this project is on shared technical infrastructure to support OA book publishing for all stakeholders, including all types of publishers and business models.
Use cases, workflow and infrastructure
The report describes use cases and workflows as a form of information transfer: for sharing both research results and metadata. The following use cases are identified in the report: publish research findings (author); build and manage academic profile; publish research findings (publisher); run repository/library; manage research (institution); manage research (funder); promote open access.
The infrastructure is classified into the following areas: publication infrastructure, quality assurance, compliance checking, hosting and delivery, discovery, preservation, monitoring and measuring impact, open access engagement; and advocacy.
The infrastructure is used by all stakeholders to perform interconnected tasks. The infrastructure connections consist of metadata about objects such as the manuscript or the research grant. By focusing on the tasks shared by different stakeholders, overlapping interests are revealed. This helps identify gaps in the existing infrastructure.
Gap analysis and recommendations
The identified gaps occur in most infrastructure areas. There is perceived lack of transparency in monograph publishing, particularly in quality assurance. There should be more attention for best practice in OA book publishing. Authors need to be better supported and have the option to publish their research outputs open access, and funders and institutions need to improve infrastructure to support compliance with policies and monitor research outputs. There are shortcomings in the use of metadata and standards for OA books that limit interoperability and discovery, affecting the wider ecosystem around OA books.
The recommendations are to a large extent relevant for the broader stakeholder community and can be considered in the wider context of policy development and measures to improve the infrastructure for OA books
More Than One Way to Solve the Healthcare Innovation Crisis With Digital Platforms. Various Forms of Platform Openness Impacting Primary Healthcare
No full textWhereas open digital platforms drive innovation in industries, platforms in primary healthcare are mostly closed. Policy-makers have been looking for ways to open up primary healthcare platforms to stimulate collaboration and innovation and need to do so even more due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Yet, there is not one way of opening up platforms in primary healthcare, just as it is unclear how different ways of openness can lead to more innovation. This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges in realizing platform openness while examining alternative forms of openness. To answer this, we (1) conceptualize different forms of platform openness (sponsor-provider-platform-user openness), (2) examine how these forms of openness can resolve barriers to innovation, and (3) examine what challenges need to be overcome to realize that form of openness in practice, such as complexity in roles, regulations, and ICT infrastructure. The findings are relevant to structure further research on how platform openness leads to more innovations in healthcare
