2,722 research outputs found
Profiling of Soluble Neutral Oligosaccharides from Treated Biomass using Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Multiplexed Collision Induced Dissociation-Mass Spectrometry
No full textThermochemical pretreatment of cellulosic biomass improves cell wall enzymatic digestibility, while simultaneously releasing substantial amounts of soluble oligosaccharides. Profiling of oligosaccharides released during pretreatment yield information essential for choosing glycosyl hydrolases necessary for cost-effective conversion of cellulosic biomass to desired biofuel/biochemical end-products. In this report we present a methodology for profiling of soluble neutral oligosaccharides released from ammonia fiber expansion (AFEXTM)-pretreated corn stover. Our methodology employs solid phase extraction (SPE) enrichment of oligosaccharides based on porous graphitized carbon (PGC), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation using a polymeric amine based column (Prevail Carbohydrate ES) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) in both positive and negative modes. For structural elucidation on the chromatographic time scale, nonselective multiplexed collision-induced dissociation was performed for quasi-simultaneous acquisition of accurate molecular and fragment masses of neutral oligosaccharids in a single analysis. These analyses directly revealed presence of glucans up to degree of polymerization (DP) 22 without side-chain modifications. Additionally, arabinoxylans with DP up to 6 were detected in the pretreated biomass samples (post-enzymatic digestion). All linkages between sugar units in glucans and arabinoxylans were identified to be p-1-4 linkages based on cross-ring fragment masses. Comprehensive profiling of soluble oligosaccharides also demonstrated that arabinoxylan acetylation was reduced by greater than 85% post-AFEXTM treatment.Published version: Vismeh, Ramin, Humpula, James F., Chundawat, Shishir P. S., Balan, Venkatesh, Dale, Bruce E. & Jones, A. Daniel. (2013). Profiling of Soluble Neutral Oligosaccharides from Treated Biomass using Solid Phase Extraction and LC-TOF MS. Carbohydrate Polymers 94(2), 791-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.00
Arginine depletion as a mechanism for the immune privilege of corneal allografts.
No full textThe cornea is an immune privileged tissue. Since arginase has been found to modulate T-cell function by depleting arginine, we investigated the expression of arginase in the cornea and its possible role in immune privilege using a murine transplant model. We found that both the endothelium and epithelium of murine corneas express functional arginase I, capable of down-regulating T-cell proliferation in an in vitro culture system. The administration of the specific arginase inhibitor N-hydroxy-nor-L-Arg to recipient mice resulted in an accelerated rejection of allogeneic C57BL/6 (B6) corneal grafts. In contrast, in vivo blockade of arginase activity had no effect in altering the course of rejection of primary skin grafts that express little, if any, arginase. In addition, the inhibition of arginase did not alter systemic T-cell proliferation. These data show that arginase is functional in the cornea and contributes to the immune privilege of the eye, and that modulation of arginase contributes to graft survival
The Book of Daniel and manticism: a critical assessment of the view that the Book of Daniel derives from a mantic tradition
No full textThis dissertation examines the consensus view that is based on Hans-Peter
Müller's 1969 and 1972 articles: Daniel was a mantic wise man in the Mesopotamian
ASA
court, and this was the self-understanding or aspiration of the maskilim of Dan 11:33, 35,
12:3, 10, who wrote the book. Chapter 1 reviews the arguments that make the mantic connection and Chapter 2 concludes that a direct connection with the Danes of Aqht, Ezek, and Jub, and with the angel in 1 Enoch should be rejected. There is evidence that the
tradition of a priest in Ezra 8: 2 and Neh 10: 7, and found also in the superscription to
the Old Greek of Bel, and 4 Ezra 12:10-11, and suggested the name.
Chapter 3 concludes that the portrayal of the court diviners in Dan 1-6 is wholly
negative and includes both the diviners, and the essence of the professions, i. e., the
ability to interpret a divine revelation. The critique is conveyed through the story line,
explicit criticisms, irony, and humour. Chapter 4 concludes that Daniel, the interpreter
of dreams and the writing on the wall, is distinguished from every other character and role. In the final form of Dan, Daniel as the divinely assisted each time he interprets, just as when he receives help from an interpreting angel in Dan 7-12.
Chapter 5 demonstrates that the portrayal of Daniel as the divinely assisted
interpreter makes sense of the reinterpretation of old prophecies against the Assyrians
as prophecies against Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Hab 2:2-4 and Isa 52-53 were also
understood as predictions about the maskilim themselves. Comparisons are then made
with the Teacher of Righteousness, the writers of the Hodayot, and with three Essenes
portrayed by Josephus. These too were portrayed as divinely assisted interpreters
Probing the nature of AFEX-pretreated corn stover derived decomposition products that inhibit cellulase activity
No full textSequential fractionation of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extracts was carried out using ultra-centrifugation, ultra-filtration, and solid phase extraction to isolate various classes of pretreatment products to evaluate their inhibitory effect on cellulases. Ultra-centrifugation removed dark brown precipitates that caused no appreciable enzyme inhibition. Ultra-filtration of ultra-centrifuged AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives using a 10 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membrane removed additional high molecular weight components that accounted for 24–28% of the total observed enzyme inhibition while a 3 kDa MWCO membrane removed 60–65%, suggesting significant inhibition is caused by oligomeric materials. Solid phase extraction (SPE) of AFEX-pretreated corn stover extractives after ultra-centrifugation removed 34–43% of the inhibition; ultra-filtration with a 5 kDa membrane removed 44–56% of the inhibition and when this ultra-filtrate was subjected to SPE a total of 69–70% of the inhibition were removed. Mass spectrometry found several phenolic compounds among the hydrophobic inhibition removed by SPE adsorption.Published version: Humpula, James F., Uppugundla, Nirmal, Vismeh, Ramin, Sousa, Leonardo, Chundawat, Shishir P. S., Jones, A. Daniel, Balan, Venkatesh, Dale, Bruce E. & Cheh, Albert M. (2014). Probing the nature of AFEX-retreated corn stover derived decomposition products that inhibit cellulase activity. Bioresource Technology 152, 38-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.08
Phoebolampta excellens F. Walker 1869
No full textPhoebolampta excellens (F. Walker, 1869) [= P. magnifica] Perez-Gelabert, 2001: 68. Distribution. Hispaniola. Notes. This name is included in the catalogs of Bolívar (1888), Gundlach (1891) and Rehn (1909). This last author suggests that this listing likely represents Phoebolampta cubensis.Published as part of Yong, Sheyla & Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E., 2014, Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Cuba: an annotated checklist, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 3827 (4) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22858
Ethnic identity, political identity and ethnic conflict: simulating the effect of congruence between the two identities on ethnic violence and conflict
No full textThis thesis outlines and presents an alternative hypothetical process to the emergence of ethnic conflict. Ethnic conflicts, rather than being dependent upon pre-existing 'ancient hatreds', are instead the result of a congruence between ethnic and political identity which grants individuals the ability to use ethnicity to identify and eliminate political threats. This hypothesis is formed by the examination of three case studies of ethnic conflict: Lebanon, Northern Ireland and Croatia. This hypothesis is then formalised and tested using an agent based simulation in which agent interactions are dependent upon ethnic and political identity and the congruence between the two. As predicted there was a strong positive correlation between how accurately ethnic identity reflected political identity and the level of ethnically motivated violence in the simulation, although the relationship was not linear. Furthermore the effect of a shift in congruence was found to be roughly comparable to the effect of initialising agents with a moderate level of pre-existing ethnic antagonism
Fallicambarus (F.) wallsi Johnson, 2011, new species
No full textFallicambarus (F.) wallsi, new species <p>SABINE BURROWING CRAYFISH Figs 1–6, Tables 1–2</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body pigmented, eyes well developed. Rostrum of adults devoid of marginal spines. Antennal scale approximately 2.1 times as long as broad. Areola width 2.1 to 5.2 (mean 3.9±1.0) percent of length. Branchiostegal spine present. Cheliped without sufflamen; ventral surface of merus with mesial and lateral rows of tubercles; length of carpus less than width of palm of chela. Chela ungaping, lateral margin subserrate, ventrolateral surface lacking arched row of prominent setiferous punctations; opposable margin of dactyl lacking distinct excision in basal half, mesial margin with tubercles along proximal half; “dactyl/palm mesial margin” length ratio ranges from 1.45 to 1.57, mean 1.51±0.04; proximal margin of palm oriented distomesially mesial to condyle. Mesial surface of palm of chela of second pereiopod lacking conspicuous tufts of plumose setae. First pleopod with proximomesial spur, without cephalic process or with vestigial one; central projection strongly arched, inclined laterally at base, its tip directed proximally and never crossing that of corresponding pleopod when in situ. Hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods. Boss on coxa of fourth pereiopod moderately strong and compressed. Mesial ramus of uropod with distolateral and premarginal distomedian spines and with obtuse distal margin. Telson divided with two spines on anterolateral flank of suture.</p> <p> <b>Holotypic male, form I</b>. Body (Fig. 1)1 suboval, weakly compressed dorsoventrally. Abdomen distinctly narrower than cephalothorax (11.8 and 14.5 mm, respectively). Greatest width of carapace distinctly posterior to caudodorsal extremity of cervical groove and slightly greater than height (14.5 and 13.6 mm, respectively). Areola width 4.5 percent of length, latter constituting 36.5 percent entire length of carapace and 40.9 percent postorbital carapace length.</p> <p>Rostrum with convergent, thickened margins contracting anteriorly, forming short, poorly delimited, triangular acumen, apex of which corneous, distinctly upturned, and extending to proximal margin of ultimate podomere of antennular peduncle. Dorsal surface of rostrum concave, especially in cephalic half, with marginal punctations and scattered ones in between. Subrostral ridge weak, but evident in dorsal aspect to base of acumen. Postorbital ridge weak and slightly swollen caudally. Cervical spine or tubercle absent. Branchiostegal spine present. Suborbital angle absent. Carapace punctate dorsally and very weakly and sparsely granulate laterally; extreme anteroventral</p> <p>1. If viewing in electronic form, figures may be zoomed in for more detail, as the images are high resolution.</p> <p>branchiostegal region inflated, with row of 7 closely-set tubercles on ventral flank of cervical groove, and 3 nearly indiscernible ones on dorsal flank.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly shorter than carapace (29.0 and 30.1 mm, respectively); pleura moderately deep and broadly rounded ventrally with fifth and sixth weakly angled on caudoventral margin; pleuron of first abdominal segment clearly overlapped by that of second. Telson distinctly divided, left caudolateral angle of cephalic section with two spines (one on right due to damage). Proximal podomere of uropod with both lobes bearing distal spines, spine on mesial lobe much stronger than that of lateral lobe. Mesial ramus with distolateral and premarginal distomedian spines.</p> <p>Cephalomedian lobe of epistome (Fig. 2 g) broadly triangular with elevated margins; central area subplanar with sparse minute punctations; main body of epistome with broad depression, but lacking distinct fovea. Ventral surface of proximal podomere of antennule with spine slightly distal to midlength. Antennal peduncle with spine on lateral surface of basis at proximal base of antennal scale, flagellum reaching first abdominal tergum. Antennal scale (Fig. 2 h) 2.1 times as long as broad with blade distinctly wider than thickened lateral part, widest distal to midlength and distomesial margin broadly rounded. Ventral surface of ischium of third maxilliped with fine, short setal tufts on lateral margin and two irregular bands of long stiff setae on mesial half.</p> <p>Right chela (Figs 2 a–d) 2.3 times as long as broad, not strongly depressed; length of dactyl 1.51 times length of palm mesial margin; proximal margin of palm mesial to condyle oriented distomesially; width of palm 1.2 times length of mesial margin, latter bearing row of 7 tubercles subtended dorsolaterally by row of six smaller ones; dorsal surface of palm and basal part of fingers studded with squamous tubercles; those along lateral margin forming subserrate row extending from near proximal extremity to midlength of fixed finger; ventral surface of palm weakly tuberculate; ventral surface of fingers punctate laterally and mesially; tubercle present on distoventral ridge opposite dactyl. Opposable margin of fixed finger with dorsally situated row of five tubercles (4th from base largest) in proximal half and another more ventrally positioned row of two (one on left) in distal third; minute denticles present between tubercles along entire length. Opposable margin of dactyl with row of 6 tubercles in proximal twothirds (basal three larger than others, third from base marking end of prominent excision present in most other congeners); mesial margin of dactyl with tubercles forming subserrate row along proximal three-fifths. Dorsal surface of both fingers with moderately defined longitudinal ridges.</p> <p>Carpus of cheliped 1.6 times as long as broad and longer than palm mesial margin, but slightly shorter than width of palm. Dorsal surface punctate and with prominent, oblique, longitudinal furrow; dorsomesial angle with row of 5 tubercles (9 on left); mesial surface with longitudinal row of 3 prominent subspiniform tubercles, two subspiniform tubercles on ventrodistal margin and additional scattered smaller ones; ventral and lateral surfaces punctate. Merus (Fig. 2 e) with single dorsal row of 8 tubercles, increasing in size distally; lateral surface punctate on distal third and along proximal, dorsal and ventral margins; mesial surface with few scattered, small punctations distally; ventral surface with mesial row of 11 (13 on left) tubercles; lateral row of 10 (7 on left); and distal marginal row of 4 (3 on left). Basioischial podomere with row of 4 (3 on left) tubercles along ventral margin. Second pereiopod with row of long stiff setae extending along dorsal margin from distal extremity of merus to tip of dactyl and along ventral margin from midlength of merus to tip of fixed finger (that of carpus and merus sparse); mesial surface of carpus and merus lacking tufts of plumose setae.</p> <p>Ischia of third and fourth pereiopods (Fig. 2 f) with simple hooks, neither of which overreaches basioischial articulation and neither opposed by tubercle on corresponding basis. Coxa of fourth pereiopod with prominent compressed caudomesial boss approximately disposed along longitudinal axis of body, mesial surface with dense setae and lateral surface with sparse setae. Coxa of fifth pereiopod with small, lamellate, laterally disposed boss; ventral membrane nearly without setae.</p> <p>First pleopods (Figs. 3 a–c) almost reaching coxae of third pereiopod when abdomen flexed and concealed by setae extending from ventral margin of sternum and from coxae of third and fourth pereiopods. Proximomesial spur well developed. Distal half of shaft only slightly bent caudally. Distomesial shaft with setae along proximal half not obscuring two terminal elements: mesial process noncorneous, strongly tapered from broad base, distal two-fifths lamellate, disposed proximocaudally; central projection corneous, tapering, bladelike structure with tip disposed proximally.</p> <p> <b>Allotypic female</b>. Differing from holotype in other than secondary sexual characteristics as follows: Both caudolateral angles of cephalic section of telson with two spines. Flagellum of antenna reaching midlength of areola. Right chela of similar shape, but proportionately slightly shorter. Mesial margin of palm with row of 5 tubercles subtending main row. Opposable margin of fixed finger with dorsally situated row of 6 tubercles (7 on left) with 3rd from base largest in proximal three-fourths and single more ventrally positioned tubercle at base of distal third. Opposable margin of left dactyl with 7 tubercles. Carpus of cheliped slightly longer than width of palm; dorsomesial angle with row of 6 tubercles (8 on left); mesial surface with one subspiniform tubercle on ventrodistal margin. Merus with dorsal row of 12 tubercles (10 on left); mesial surface with few scattered, small tubercles distally; ventral surface with mesial row of 9 (11 on left) tubercles and lateral row of 8 (7 on left).</p> <p>Annulus ventralis (Figs. 3 g–h) distinctly raised, firmly fused to sternum cephalically, 1.8 times as broad as long, lateral margins obtusely angled. Cephalosinistral sector excavate. C-shaped sinus originating at midline of caudal margin and terminating in caudomesial margin of excavation, where it forms a small fossa evident in cephaloventral aspect. Postannular sclerite 1.9 times as broad as long, subrectangular, 0.5 times as wide as annulus; ventral extremity excavate in caudal view.</p> <p> <b>Morphotypic male, form II</b>. Differing from holotype as follows: Areola width 5.2 percent of length. Both caudolateral angles of cephalic section of telson with two spines. Right chela similar in shape, but proportionately slightly shorter. Opposable margin of fixed finger with dorsally situated row of 6 tubercles in proximal threefourths and a single more ventrally positioned tubercle at base of distal third. Opposable margin of left dactyl with row of 7 tubercles (basal four larger than others). Carpus of cheliped slightly longer than width of palm, dorsomesial angle with row of 8 tubercles. Ventral surface of merus with mesial row of 13 (11 on left) tubercles, lateral row of 7 (8 on left), and distal marginal row of 2. Basioischial podomere with row of 3 (2 on left) tubercles along ventral margin. Hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods and bosses on coxae of fourth and fifth pereiopods evident, but reduced compared to holotype.</p> <p>First pleopod (Figs. 3 d–e) reaching coxa of third pereiopod when abdomen flexed, lacking proximomesial spur; both processes noncorneous; central projection much more robust, less distinctly separated from mesial process and less recurved (tip directed proximocaudally) compared to holotype.</p> <p> <b>Color notes</b>. Color patterns in <i>F. (F.) w a l l s i</i>, <i>F. (F.) macneesei</i> (Black, 1967), <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i> and <i>F. (F.) houstonensis</i> are apparently indistinguishable and all exhibit the same polymorphism with striped and unstriped phases. Of 41 specimens of <i>F. (F.) w a l l s i</i> where color notes were made, 38 (93%) were striped phase, with the remaining 3 solid phase. This ratio is much more skewed than that noted for the other aforementioned species.</p> <p>Holotype (striped phase, Fig. 1): Basic coloration tan-brown. Cephalic section of carapace anterior to caudal gastric region indistinctly mottled with dark brown and orange-tan, middorsal orange-tan triangle (which anterior section of discontinuous dorsal light stripe) with base at midlength and apex at cephalic margin of caudal gastric region; lateral margins of triangle darkened. Obscure laterally oriented dark band cephalic to triangle connecting dull burgundy spots situated caudal to the caudal extremities of the postorbital ridges. Caudal gastric region dark brown with numerous very fine and distinct tan maculations. Ventral hepatic region burgundy with light flecks; mandibular and antennal regions cream; rostral margins and postorbital ridges olive, latter bordered ventrally by orange-tan; eye stalks burgundy with light distal margins. Antennal scale cream mesially and gray laterally. Flagellum of antenna brown. Mesial flagellum of antennule burgundy basally grading to gray distally; lateral flagellum gray-burgundy. Cervical groove gray ordered by olive. Areola brown grading to orange-brown caudally and cephalically, branchiocardiac grooves light. Light orange-brown band laterally borders branchiocardiac grooves and extends ventrally along caudal margin of cervical groove half way to ventral margin. Aforementioned band in turn bordered laterally by broad dark brown band heavily flecked in the interior with lighter brown. This in turn bordered ventrally by a mid-branchiostegal region of complex mottling of dark gray, cream and burgundy. Ventral third of branchiostegite dull cream and simple. Abdomen with narrow orange middorsal stripe, which expanded on 1st tergum; bordered by broad darker stripe with obscure lighter maculations, which in turn bordered by obscure orange brown stripe which abuts junction of terga and pleura. Pleura dark brown dorsally and caudally, grayish cephaloventrally, with dull burgundy caudally margins and scattered light flecks. Tail fan translucent gray, with olive ridges and orange-brown caudal margins of telson and uropods. Cheliped with merus cream proximally and tan to brown distally with bluish or greenish tubercles; carpus tan with white spines along mesial margin; propodus dull burgundy on mesial half grading to tan on lateral half, tubercles on mesial margin and dorsal surface dull bluegreen to dark gray. Dactyl tan with dull blue-green tubercles on mesial margin. Pereiopods 2-5 cream with small amounts of blue and red at articulations. Ventor cream.</p> <p> <b>Size.</b> The largest specimen examined is a first form male from San Augustine county, with a carapace length of 32.7 (postorbital carapace length 28.1) mm. The smallest first form male has a carapace length of 29.0 (postorbital carapace length 25.0) mm. The largest female examined is the allotype, with a carapace length of 30.6 (postorbital carapace length 27.0) mm. Sizes of ovigerous females or ones carrying young are unavailable, as none have been found.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Roadside ditch and culvert pool, Rt. 1 3.5 km (2.2 miles) south intersection with Rt. 184, Sabine County, Texas (31.32498, -93.97711). Surrounding area is gently rolling young pine woods. Holotype, allotype, morphotype and two paratypes were collected from burrows situated relatively high in relation to ditch and with simple subvertical shafts from 0.75 to 1.0 m depth; upper 0.3 meters soft loam with deeper levels very hard.</p> <p> <b>Disposition of types.</b> The holotype, allotype and morphotype (Nos. 1154633, 1154634 and 1154635, respectively) are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The paratypes remain in the author's collection, but will ultimately be deposited at this same location.</p> <p> County Latitude/Longitude Collection date County Latitude/Longitude Collection date <b>Range and specimens examined.</b> One hundred specimens, including 9 3 I, 8 3 II, 6 Ƥ and 77 juveniles were examined. All were collected by the author from 16 sites in Sabine and San Augustine counties, Texas (Fig. 6, Table 2). The type series consists of 2 3 I, 1 3 II and 2 Ƥ. All first form males were raised to that stage in captivity, the holotype and paratype from adult second form and the others from small (ca 18 mm total length) juveniles.</p> <p> <b>Variations.</b> The cephalolateral margins of the cephalomedian lobe of the epistome may be straight or convex. The length/width ratio of the uropod's mesial ramus varies from 1.39 to 1.57 (mean 1.47 ± 0.07). The number of tubercles in the row on the mesial margin of the chela ranges from 5 to 7. Among first form males, no trace of a cephalic process can be found in 8 of 9 specimens (Figs. 3 b, 4a–d, f–h), but in the remaining specimen a vestigial one is present (Fig. 4 e). The mesial process tip is disposed anywhere between 135 and 180 degrees to the shaft axis; in 78% of specimens, the distal half is serrate with 2–4 acute lobes, which can be most readily viewed in caudodistal aspect (Fig. 3 f). The mesial process caudal extent may be distinctly less than to distinctly greater than the caudal extent of the central projection.</p> <p> <b>Relationships.</b> The similarity in spination, pereiopod hooks, lack of cheliped sufflamen, indistinguishable color patterns and geographic proximity attest to the close relationship of <i>Fallicambarus (F.) wallsi</i> and its presumed closest relative, <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i>. <i>F. (F.) w a l l s i</i> may be distinguished from it by the following characters (1 through 3 refer to the cheliped): 1) The proximal margin of the palm (Figs. 5 a–d, 2a, note arrow) is oriented distomesially mesial to the condyle; in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i> it is orientated proximomesially (Figs. 5 e–h). 2) The “dactyl/ palm mesial margin” length ratio ranges from 1.45 to 1.57, mean 1.51 ± 0.04 (1.84 to 2.09, mean 1.98 ± 0.09 in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i>). This difference is readily apparent in Fig. 5. 3) The dactyl is not distinctly excavated on the proximal half of the opposable margin. 4) The antennal scale (Fig. 2 h) is proportionately wider, with a length/width ratio of approximately 2.1 (2.8 in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i>, Fig. 2 i) and with the lamellated mesial part distinctly wider than the thickened lateral part. 5) The areola width/length ratio ranges from 2.1 to 5.2 (mean 3.9 ± 1.0) percent (0.0 to 2.6 [mean 1.6 ± 0.9] percent in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i>). 6) The uropod's mesial ramus is proportionately wider, with a length/ width ratio of 1.39 to 1.57 (mean 1.47 ± 0.07) (1.56 to 1.76 [mean 1.7 ± 0.08] in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i>). 7) Of the nine first form males available (Figs. 3 b, 4a–h), eight lack any trace of a cephalic process on the first pleopod and one has a vestigial one (Fig. 4 e), whereas a cephalic process is always present in <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i> (Figs. 4 i–p). 8) The mesial process in mesial view is more strongly tapered on average. 9) Branchiostegal spines are always present, but present only in 15% of adult <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i> specimens (it is possible this difference is due to greater degree of abrasion in the mostly non-captive raised <i>F. (F.) kountzeae</i> specimens).</p> <p> <i>Fallicambarus (F.) houstonensis</i> and <i>F. (F.) m a c n e e s e i</i> may be readily distinguished from <i>F. (F.) wallsi</i> by their cheliped's sufflamen and well-defined cephalic processes. <i>F. (F.) macneesei</i> may be further distinguished by the distinctive distomedian spine of the uropod's mesial ramus, which extends beyond the margin.</p> <p> <i>F. (F.) dissitus</i> (Penn, 1955) and <i>F. (F.) petilicarpus</i> (Hobbs and Robison, 1989) may both be distinguished from <i>F. (F.) wallsi</i> by their proximomesially disposed first pleopod central projections which are frequently crossing when in situ.</p> <p> Although <i>F. (F.) devastator</i> (Hobbs and Whiteman, 1987) is the geographically closest consubgener of <i>F. (F.) wallsi</i> with a distributional gap of only 25 km between the ranges of the two and with no substantial geographical barrier to gene flow, the former is clearly not closely related to the latter. Among the many differences are very different color pattern and very different morphology of the cheliped, antennal scale, first pleopod, annulus ventralis and tail fan.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This crayfish is named in honor of Jerry G. Walls of Louisiana State University and author of “Crawfishes of Louisiana”, for his many contributions to the study of crayfish of the south central United States.</p> <p> <b>Crayfish associates.</b> Found with <i>Fallicambarus (F.) wallsi</i> were the following crayfishes, in order of decreasing frequency: <i>Procambarus (Girardiella) kensleyi</i>, <i>F. (Creaserinus) fodiens</i>, <i>P. (Ortmannicus) acutus</i> and <i>Faxonella beyeri</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Johnson, Daniel P., 2011, Fallicambarus (F.) wallsi (Decapoda: Cambaridae), a new burrowing crayfish from eastern Texas, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2939</i> on pages 59-67, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/278147">10.5281/zenodo.278147</a>
Competing models of socially constructed economic man : differentiating Defoe's Crusoe from the Robinson of neoclassical economics
No full textDaniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe has seldom been read as an explicitly political text. When it has, it appears that the central character was designed to warn the early eighteenth-century reader against political challenges to the existing economic order. Insofar as Defoe’s Crusoe stands for "economic man", he is a reflection of historically-produced assumptions about the need for social conformity, not the embodiment of any genuinely essential economic characteristics. This insight is used to compare Defoe’s conception of economic man with that of the neoclassical Robinson Crusoe economy. On the most important of the ostensibly generic principles espoused by neoclassical theorists, their "Robinson" has no parallels with Defoe’s Crusoe. Despite the shared name, two quite distinct social constructions serve two equally distinct pedagogical purposes. Defoe’s Crusoe extols the virtues of passive middle-class sobriety for effective social organisation; the neoclassical Robinson champions the establishment of markets for the sake of productive efficiency
endritic cell modification as a route to inhibiting corneal graft rejection by the indirect pathway of allorecognition
No full textDendritic cell (DC) modification is a potential strategy to induce clinical transplantation tolerance. We compared two DC modification strategies to inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation. In the first strategy, murine DCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing CTLA4-KDEL, a fusion protein that prevents surface CD80/86 expression by retaining the co-stimulatory molecules within the ER. In the second approach, DCs were transduced to express the tryptophan-catabolising enzyme IDO. CTLA4-KDEL-expressing DCs induced anergy in alloreactive T cells and generated both CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD25(-) Treg cells (with direct and indirect donor allospecificity and capacity for linked suppression) both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, T-cell unresponsiveness induced by IDO(+) DCs lacked donor specificity. In the absence of any immunosuppressive treatment, i.v. administration of CTLA4-KDEL-expressing DCs resulted in long-term survival of corneal allografts only when the DCs were capable of indirect presentation of alloantigen. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of CTLA4-KDEL-expressing DCs in tolerance induction.</p
Writing and the rights of reality: usurpation and potentiality in Derrida, Plato, Nietzsche, and Beckett
No full textThe thesis critically evaluates Jacques Derrida's conferral of the rights of reality on writing, focussing on his theory of an arche-text in light of the speculative nature of this theory. The theory is initially considered in the context of Derrida's elucidation of the usurpatory status of writing within the Platonic and Nietzschean texts. This consideration reveals an admission of writing's usurpatory status by both writers while at the same time demonstrating their awareness of the intrinsically speculative nature of this view, the significance of writing lying in its ability to exteriorise the radically indeterminate status of consciousness m relation to reality rather than its ability to displace consciousness or reality The analyses, therefore, not only bring the Derridean hypothesis of a repressive or phonocentric metaphysical episteme into question but also exhibit the historical and philosophical role of potentiality in relation to writing, writing's ultimate significance lying in its capacity to exteriorise our existence as a mode of potentiality. Accordingly, in the second half of the thesis the Derridean theory of writing is countered with a specifically Aristotelian theory of the text as it is exhibited in the prose of Samuel Beckett, an author whose significance lies in his close alignment with Derridean theory within contemporary criticism. It is demonstrated that this identification has obviated an awareness of the significance of potentiality within the Beckettian text, his work consequently being appraised in the previously neglected context of Aristotelian metaphysics
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